Topic: Simple Emergency Light Circuit

Description:
This is one of the most cost effective (cheap) and simple emergency light circuit developed for
todays life style. This is an automatic emergency lamp with day light sensor, means it senses
darkness/night and turns ON automatically. Similarly it senses day light and turns OFF
automatically.
It is a simple emergency lamp which does not require any special equipment; not even a
multimeter to assemble and use. This can be easily accommodated in the defunct two 6 watt tube
National Emergency Lamp or any PL tube type emergency lamp. The difference will be in the
working; it will work non-stop for more than 8 hours. Deep discharge is taken care by the LED
characteristic and over charge protection is taken care by the fixed voltage regulator that is a
simple 3Pin fixed regulator which has a built in current limiting circuit. The auto function that is
switching electronic signals is taken care by MOSFET ( the day light or other light sources do not
require this light) hence LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) is used to avoid lighting up during day
time or when the room lights are ON by sensing ambient light and switching off automatically.
The only required adjustment is the preset which has to be set to ensure the LEDs just light up.
Minimum 2 LEDs or multiples of 2 are used in series; the dropping resistance is avoided and they
both light up with current that is required for a single LED, by which energy is saved to a great
extent. For instance, for a 6 volt 4.5 AH battery to illuminate nonstop for 8 hours we can use 10
sets, that is 20 LEDs. You can also use batteries instead of transformer as a voltage source.
This particular circuit is so simple for people who have limited access to components or in other
words this is an emergency light that you can build with minimum components.


List of Components:
1. Transformer / Batteries Voltage Source
2. Full Wave Bridge Rectifier Converts AC voltage into Pulsating DC voltage
3. Capacitor Component of Filter circuit used in order to eliminate Ripples ( Components of
AC voltage in DC voltage )
4. Fixed Voltage Regulator Here 7808 ( 3 Pin Device). Regulates the supply of voltage.
5. LDR-Manages automatic regulation of Light
6. Bipolar Junction Transistor- Here BC548B
7. MOSFET- (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) Here IRF540
8. Other Components Resistors, LEDs ,Diodes, Batteries,etc
Diagram: