Jessica Mercedes D.

Canto BN4N
DRUG STUDY
Medication


Epinephrine
(Adrenaline)

Drug Classes:

Sympathomimeti
c
Alpha-adrenergic
agonist
Beta1 and beta2
adrenergic
agonist
Cardiac stimulant
Bronchodilator
Antasthmatic
drug
Nasal
decongestant
Mydriatic
Antiglaucoma
drug



Dosage:


Adults:
Injection: 0.5-
1mg IV

Intraspinal:
0.2-0.4mL of a
1:1,000
solution added
to anesthetic
spinal fluid
mixture

Children:
Injection:
0.01mg/kg q20
mins
Mechanism of Action:


Epinephrine acts by
binding to a variety of
adrenergic receptors.
Adrenaline is a
nonselective agonist of
all adrenergic receptors,
including , , ,
, and
receptors.[8]
Epinephrine's binding
to these receptors
triggers a number of
metabolic changes.
Binding to -adrenergic
receptors inhibits
insulin secretion by the
pancreas, stimulates
glycogenolysis in the
liver and muscle, and
stimulates glycolysis in
muscle.[9] -
Adrenergic receptor
binding triggers
glucagon secretion in
the pancreas, increased
adrenocorticotropic
Indication:


IV: treatment and
prohylaxis of cardiac
arrest and attacks of
transitory AV heart
block with syncopal
seizures; syncope
due to carotid sinus
syndrome, acute
hypersensitivity
reactions, serum
sickness, urticaria,
angioneurotic
edema, ina acute
asthmatic attacks to
relieve
bronchospasms not
controlled by
inhalation or SC
injection; relaxation
of uterine
musculature;
additive to local
anesthetic solutions
from injection to
prolong their
duration of action
Contraindications:


Contraindicate
d with allergy
or
hypersensitivit
y to
epinephrine or
components of
preparation;
narrow-angle
glaucoma;
shock other
than
anaphylactic
shock;
hypovolemia;
general
anesthesia with
halogenated
hydrocarbons;
organic brain
damage;
cerebral
arteriosclerosis
; cardiac
dilation and
coronary
Adverse Effects:


Systemic
Administration:
CNS: fear, anxiety,
tenseness,
restlessness, headache,
dizziness, drowsiness,
tremor, insomnia,
hallucinations,
seizures, CNS
depression, weakness,
blurred vision, tearing,
photophbia, CV:
Arrhythmias,
hypertension resulting
in intracranial
hemorrhage, CV
collapse with
hypotension,
palpitations,
tachycardia,
precordial pain, GI:
Nausea, vomiting,
anorexia, GU:
Constriction of blood
vessels and decreased
urine formation,
Nursing
Responsibilities:

Rotate SC
injection sites
to prevent
necrosis;
monitor sites
frequently
Use extreme
caution when
calculating and
preparing
doses;
epinephrine is
a very potent
drug.
Protect drug
solutions from
light, extreme
heat and
freezing.
Shake the
suspension for
injection well
before
withdrawing
the dose.
hormone (ACTH)
secretion by the
pituitary gland, and
increased lipolysis by
adipose tissue. Together
these effects lead to
increased blood glucose
and fatty acids,
providing substrates for
energy production
within cells throughout
the body.[9]
Reference: MIMS
Philippines.PIMS.111
th

edition.2007
and limit systemic
absorption
Injection: relief from
respiratory distress
of bronchial asthma,
chronic bronchitis,
emphysema, other
COPDs
Aerosols and
solutions for
nebulization:
Temporary relief
from acute attacks of
bronchial asthma,
COPD
Topical nasal
solution: Temporary
relief from nasal and
nasopharyngeal
mucosal congestion
due to a cold,
sinusitis, hay fever
or other upper
respiratory allergies
insufficiency;
tachyarrhythmi
a; ischemic
heart disease;
hypertension;
renal
dysfunction;
COPD patients
who have
developed
degenerative
heart disease;
diabetes
mellitus;
hyperthyroidis
m; lactation.
dysuria, urinary
retention in males
with prostatism,
OTHER: pallor,
respiratory difficulty,
orofactial dystonia,
sweating.