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‫بسم ال الرحمن الرحيم‬

‫)اللهم إني اسالك علما نافعا ورزقا طيبا وعمل متقبل‬ )


First of all, I will like to say that I put in slide no (15) in the
last lecture (inversely) please change it to proportional.

Back to last lecture, the last few slides I did not talk about
them, last lecture we talk about preservation
Of tooth structure, resistance and retention and structural
durability.
{Please refer to lecture slides}
Today, we will talk about marginal integrity and there will
be separate lecture for the last principle (preservation of
periodontium).

• Finish line: is the line where the restoration meets the


preparation. I told you about cavosurface line angle,
when you prepare class1 or 2 there will be cavosurface
line where the restoration meets with the tooth
structure and this is called finish line.
• The restoration must closely adapt to the cavosurface
finish line of the preparation.
• The configuration of the finish line will affect the bulk
of material, adaptation, seating, and aesthetic.

Back to physics and maths, when you prepare your


preparation ,your tooth and you want to seat your
crown ,the crown wont seat perfectly 100%(‫مش رح ينزل‬
‫ تماما على‬preparation), the reason is when you prepare the
tooth , you make an impression ,send it to the lab , pour
it in stone , fabricate the restoration . All these steps have

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its own inaccuracies (‫ يعني كل وحدة عندها‬inaccuracy ‫)تبعها‬
eventually, your restoration won’t seat perfectly in your
preparation. This imperfection in your work will express
itself as space between the restoration and the tooth
structure, which is called (D) and this (D) : is the vertical
discrepancy between the preparation seat and the
restoration margin , this D isn’t the closest distance
between the preparation and nearest point of restoration
‫ ) يعني هاي مش اقرب نقطة بين‬tooth structure and restoration )

There is closer point which is (d) {‫ } تذكروا الرياضيات‬if


you have restoration with a sharp angle , this sharp angle
let says (m) , if you draw a line downward from the
sharp angle of restoration down to the finish line at point
(p).
‫ هاي الزاوية الها تناظر بالرياضيات‬then m= m (down)
Then the sharper the restoration margin, it will be the
less the angle. )‫ يعني كل ما كانت‬restoration margin(‫انحف‬
‫بتقل الزاوية‬
Then less the angle, the less sin ‫)) بقل جيب الزاوية‬
Sin (m) = d/D (‫)الوتر‬.

If you want to calculate (d) then d = D * Sin (m), so the


sharper the restoration, the less d.
In this scenario, the sharper margin , you have better fitting
of your restoration , theoretically , because (d) is less than
D(distance ) , every time you prepare sharp margin , you
have (d) smaller .

Then, if you go to your margin, less flat your margin you


prepare, it will be less fitting.) ‫ كل ما كان عندك‬Margin closer

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to zero like in picture (b) then D = d because m=0 so Sin
(0) = 1

All this talk about the configuration of your finish line:-


The sharper the finish line, the better seating of your
restoration. If you go back to shillingburg, there is another
problem it isn’t only the geometry of the finish line which
determines the final seating of your restoration, there is
another factor, what we place inside restoration before you
place it? Cement, the hydrostatic pressure of your cement,
do you know what is hydrostatic pressure?
‫) يعني لو بدك تضغط اشي لتحت على‬fluid it has resistance to push
it upward. (
and it is called hydrolytic pressure incase of water.
- The hydrostatic pressure will prevent the seating of your
restoratation, then to make it easy (cement ‫)انها تنزل بوجود‬,
you need something called venting (vent means ‫( تهوية‬, you
need something to let the cement to go down.
Why does hydrostatic pressure happen? Because you put
extra cement inside the restoration and when you seat it,
this extra cement, how it will express itself?

Hydrostatic pressure ‫عشان تخلص من‬


‫ يطلع لبره‬cement ‫ بخلو‬Vents ‫ يعني‬leakage area ‫بدك‬

Do you remember when you take removable


prosthodontics, you took vents in investment for wax up,
and when you make vents to let the air go out when you
make casting, the air will leak out.

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This vent is better in flatter preparation because when you
have flat prereration, the cement will be easier to flush out
than if you have sharp preparation.
If you lute restoration on C imagine distance of escape that
the cement will go out, this exit area is more horizontal and
big.

It is easier to seat the restoration, when the margin is flat,


and it is better seating for the restoration when the margin
is sharp provided, you don’t have cement.
There is no significant difference actually in accuracy of
restoration fitting because of geometry of finish line , the
reason is the finish line geometry , sharper better ,but the
sharper , the less the seating of cement .

From now on, if you have been asked by somebody, what


is the best margin for the restoration? There is two things,
before cementation the sharper, the better / but after
cementation, there is almost the same.

There are other factors later on; we will talk about them
and this which tells you what to choose. Other than fitting
of restoration .now, when you prepare your tooth, you end
up with finish line and this finish line is the area where the
restoration meets the tooth structure .

Finish line configuration

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If you look to a the white material is porcelain, the gray one
is metal.
We have 5-6 finish lines:-
1. knife edge (d in the picture) :-

Least common restorations marginal finish line we


do.
In knife edge pattern we have narrow margin
compare to other finish lines so we need strong
material because if you don’t use strong material
this material will be weak so it will break up.
This finish line goes with metal because it’s strong.
 The knife edge problem is you can’t pick it up
easily in your impression. If you take impression for
knife edge and you pour it you can’t determine your
finish line, so knife edge it is difficult to pick it up
easily in your impression and it is difficult to make
technician see it probably so the technician won’t be
able to fabricate a restoration in the knife edge
finish line.

Now the more the material you have the better


strength you have the better structural durability.

2. Chamfer (e in the picture):-


 Better thickness which is about .5 - .7 mm more than
knife edge so it’s excellent finish line for metal
restoration.
 Gives you excellent structural durability if you use
metal.
 More destructive than knife edge.

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 Easy to pick it up in your impression.
SO if you have full metal crown restoration your finish line
should be chamfer by default.

3. shoulder (a In the picture) :-


Now we start talking about two materials together metal
and ceramic, there is no problem about cross section if you
fabricate metal round cross section or sharp cross section,
the structural durability wont be affected but in porcelain
the best resistance is given by compression so your
porcelain should not be ended at knife edge if its end at
knife edge there will be shear stress, there will be tensile
stress and porcelain will chipped out or chipped off the
restoration.
Now if you have porcelain you need to think about the
geometry which let you have an even floor for the
restoration which is called shoulder.
 in shoulder its about 90ْ cut shoulder preparation so
your porcelain is not ended like a sharp edge like
the metal in the knife edge , in the knife edge there
is NO problem for metal because it wont break up
but it is difficult to fabricate it in the master cast
BUT in shoulder if you have sharp edge the
porcelain once you cement it after a couple of days
it will be broken, the reason porcelain need
compressive force to resist if there shear or tensile
force the porcelain will be broken .
IF I tell you, you have metal-ceramic crown your default
margin is Shoulder.

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 Cross section must be flat otherwise porcelain will
break.

Until now we talked about knife edge, chamfer, shoulder,


we don’t talk about one more thing which is the internal
angle of your restoration. The internal angle of the finish
line you see where the arrow is (the arrow in a), this is the
internal angle. Now if you have sharp edge if your internal
angle is perfectly 90ْ then you will have a sharp edge at the
cavosurface angle.

In picture a internal angle not absolutely sharp it’s slightly


rounded not 90ْ. now if you have 90ْ cut that means your
shoulder at one margin of your internal angel will be sharp ,
this sharp pit will break up because this is stress point ,so
all shoulders if you create shoulder we round the internal
angle then this more or less conventional shoulder ,the
angel not 90ْ but very close .
If you look to the right side this is called radial shoulder.

RADIAL SHOULDER: it is shoulder finish line but its


internal angel is very rounded to avoid stressing porcelain.

METAL we can make it at any finish line but we avoid


knife edge because it is difficult to create it in the lab.

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PORCELAIN we cant make it at any finish line you need
flat top to seat at it , if its not flat top porcelain cant seat, its
become stress point, stress point will fracture this is applied
into two things :-
1- Finish line must be flat.
2- Internal angle should be rounded.
In porcelain we can do radial shoulder, conventional
shoulder, heavy chamfer (we can use it in metal ceramic
crowns as well) which is close to radial shoulder.

AGAIN , metal could be ended at any finish line.


Porcelain ended up as shoulder, radial shoulder, heavy
chamfer, or any modification for shoulder but we need
shoulder with rounded internal angel.

For full metal crown we make CHAMFER.


For metal-ceramic crowns the side which has metal-
ceramic SHOULDER, the side which hasn’t ceramic we
use CHAMFER.
All-ceramic crowns we make SHOULDER , in all-ceramic
all sides surrounded by ceramic so we need flat top all the
way around with round internal angel ,also we can use
heavy chamfer or any modification any finish line accept
porcelain we can make all-ceramic on it.

Where we use metal-ceramic crown? We use in an


aesthetic area then your shoulder should be in a visible area
so your shoulder should be labially and slightly
interproximally. When we use metal-ceramic crown in
molar (like 7) I end up only in labial shoulder the rest will
be chamfer (the rest I cover with metal).

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Doctor doesn’t want to use the way of shillingburg,
shillingburg talk about finish line in complex way.

Q:-WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN


SHOULDER AND HEAVY CHAMFER?
A:-in shoulder the cavosurface angle is perfectly 90ْ in
picture a not the internal angle. The contact between
porcelain and tooth structure nearly 90ْ.
If you look to chamfer cavosurface angel not 90ْ it’s slightly
obtuse.

In picture b or c the metal also visible although you put


porcelain then there will be a ring of metal around the
tooth, if you look to heavy chamfer there is metal
substructure at the finish line and above it porcelain . Then
if you imagine a crown all around the tooth it will be a little
ring of metal like in picture b that means I can’t use it in
aesthetics area .SO when I told you I have heavy chamfer
so I can’t use it in central incisor. But you can use heavy
chamfer in lower incisors if it allows you.
Metal shown or porcelain shown here we have to talk about
aesthetics.

Preservation of periodontium it will be in a separate lecture.

Where do you think its better adaptation without cement


with knife edge or shoulder? Of course knife edge because
it’s very sharp.
BUT when you use cement they are almost the same ,there
is multiple studies but they almost the same .

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BEVELIED SHOULDER:-it is standard shoulder with 45
ْbevel like what we make in composite we use it
somewhere(not important we don’t make them) ,its
problem like deep chamfer there is metal band beneath it
,so not accepted aesthetically.

Mid exam questions will come from lectures and


shillingburg .
‫موسى حكى انه بحط أسئلة المتحان بعد كل محاضرة وبيكون متذكر شو‬.‫د‬
‫حكى بالمحاضرة بس المحاضرات مش كافيه فيه أسئلة من الكتاب‬.

Full veneer crowns(FVCs):-


Do you know what FVCs is? What’s the meaning of full?
Full means surround the whole tooth structure.
Doctor gives this topic because :-
It is very common to prepare full metal crown and it’s the
only retainers we use in fifth year .

Background: FVCs
• They have a high success rate and the reason because
they are surrounding the whole tooth structure, when
we talked about treatment planning when I make
plastic restoration or inlays or onlays or extracoronal
(crown) we choose according to tooth structure. Now
FVCs is surrounding the whole tooth structure then the
success rate definitely is higher than the rest.

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Second thing if someone calculates the finish line
mesiodistal, buccolingul then finish line distance less
than I make MOD onlay.
Finish line shorter ,the shorter the finish line the
less the chance of complication.

• High retention and resistance than 3\4 crown the


reason the more the surface area, the good geometry ,
more parallism.
• A must in small teeth if you deal with small teeth like
lower incisors you don’t fabricate 3\4 crown because
they are very small teeth or for bridge retainers.
What’s the best thing for retainers? FVCs
• They could be metal ,metal ceramic ,or all-ceramic
crowns.

Full metal crowns (FMCs)


o Used in posterior teeth.
o Less destructive preparation than other FVCs
o More conservative than other FVCs.
For FMCs what is your finish line ?it is chamfer
thickness .5 - .7mm , if I make shoulder 1.2mm then
which more conservative of course chamfer, the
occlusal reduction 1 -1.5 mm then its less than
metal-ceramic which is 1.5 -2 mm so FMCs is more
conservative preparation .

o the same indication as other FVCs(these


indication from lecture 2)

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• Heavily restored teeth.
• Primary trauma.
• Tooth wear.
• Hypoplastic condition.
• To alter shape, size, or tooth inclination.
• To alter occlusion.
• Appearance.
• Non vital teeth.
• Combined and others.

o Contraindication can’t be used anteriorly, not


used in aesthetic area.
Metal crowns actually they are rarely used because it is
cheap but in our centre Dr.mousa make it he don’t have
any problem in it ,it is good for whom want to work
correctly and it is very conservative, structural durability
very high.
Finish line is chamfer which give:
I. Good geometry for adaptation.
II. Good vent for cement.
So chamfer is very good finish line.

Preparation for FMCs:-


I. The same principles of last lecture apply.
a. Preservation of tooth structure.
b. Resistance and retention.
c. Structural durability.
d. Marginal integrity.
e. Preservation of periodontium.

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{ last lecture please read it carefully}

II. 1.0-1.5 mm occlusal reduction.


III. .5-.7 mm axial reduction.
*in shillingburg there is another interim
how to create these but you don’t have to read it.
IV. Chamfer finish line is the regular finish line which
we use.
V. Auxiliary feature (grooves, boxes, pin holes) could
be added when you require it.
This is a diagram or a picture about preparation of upper
and lower FMCs 0.5 finish line,0.5-0.7mm is acceptable,
occlusal reduction 1mm at non functional cusps, 1.5 mm
at functional cusps, if you look to the right side the
occlusal bevel. the morphology of the occlusal surface is
the exact copy of the original morphology to create equal
distance for the fissure, for the pits, for the cusps.

Metal-ceramic crowns (MCCs):-

This is very important, this is the most common


restoration you will used, this is the most retainers you
will use, the metal ceramic restoration became
commercially available by the late 1950s.

MCCs combine the natural aesthetics of a brittle material


such as porcelain with the durability and marginal
characteristics of a cast metal restoration.
Now why we do MCCs?

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A.Aesthetics very important because you have
ceramics.
B.We use metal for strength.
If you use full ceramic you will scarify more tooth
structure.

Full metal crown the least preparation you need, the most
conservative one.
metal-ceramic crown a little bit more destructive than full
metal crowns ,it become more destructive in the area where
you need ceramic over metal ,if you have central incisor
you place your porcelain labially , in the incisal edge, and
slightly go into interproximal area all these areas need
shoulder, heavy chamfer ,or any modification could carry
porcelain .
The preparation usually about 1.2 mm then we start rising
up our destruction.
0.5-0.7 mm for metal. 1.2 For metal-ceramic crowns.

MCCs were the most frequently prescribed extracoronal


restoration under the general dental services in England and
wales. More than 1million units per year are usually fitted
at a total cost of more than 1million to patient and provider.
You can imagine in one year 1 million metal ceramic
crowns are made, the total cost of 100 million ‫إسترليني‬this
number to imagine how common this restoration is.

Advantages of MCCs:-
 Strength because of metal.

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 Durability because of metal.
 Used as retainers (because its full coverage, it covered
with metal) for anterior (because of porcelain) and
posterior FPD.
 Cheaper than all ceramic restoration. More expensive
than full metal crowns, cheaper than all ceramic
crowns, more cosmetic than FMCs.

Disadvantages of MCCs:-
• Destructive compare to FMCs (in porcelain areas
to avoid overcontouring).
• Less satisfactory in aesthetic point of view than
all ceramic crowns.
• Subgingival margin anteriorly.
What ever the skills you have, finish line when you
have metal and ceramic the porcelain wont reflect
light probably as porcelain by itself, porcelain is
glass ,if you put glass and put behind it curtain
black it wont reflect light as if glass by itself (matt
glass ‫) عملته حتى لو‬
Porcelain while metal behind it won’t reflect light
probably, so it won’t match the aesthetic perfectly.

The most obvious area you can see this is the margin
(cavosurface angle where crown meet tooth structure,
porcelain wont reflect light well) so it gives artificial look.
To overcome this problem we need to place our margin
subgingivally.
We need subgingival finish line in metal-ceramic crown
although we have porcelain top on the metal.

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We don’t need that at all ceramic crown.

• More expensive than FMCs.

Indication of MCCs:-as other types of crowns (as


mentioned before)

Contraindication:-
a) Active caries: we don’t place fixed prosthesis in active
carious tooth.
b) Untreated periodontal diseases.
c) Highly aesthetic demand.
The first two contradictions applicable for all FVCs.

If you have 25 years old lady unmarried, journalist I don’t


think metal-ceramic crowns is appropriate choice we need
more aesthetic which is all ceramic crown.
d) Age.
Fixed prosthodontics is contraindicated in young child
why? Why we can’t put metal ceramic crown for a 10
years old child?
1. Because he still growing.
2. Encroach the pulp because pulp is quit big. So we
have two problem growth and pulp so we can’t
make fixed prosthesis for grower child.

How the metal bond to ceramic this is very important. You


have:-

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 Mechanical interlocking.
 Van der waals forces: initial bonds.
 Compressive forces: due to difference in the
coefficient of thermal expansion.
 Chemical bonding: oxide layer, the most important.
Now, the most important is the Chemical bond, the bond
between metal and porcelain occur by something called
oxide layer, this oxide layer incorporate from the porcelain
and from the metal this is important, this is very strong
bond.
You can imagine if you try to fracture metal ceramic
crown, the porcelain will fracture at the middle before the
bond broken between metal and porcelain, in other word in
metal ceramic bonding the Chemical bonding is stronger
than the cohesive bond.

Compressive forces: - we have physical properties, the


linear coefficients of thermal expansion.
Every material if you heat it 100 ْor cold it. When heating
material will expand according to the properties of the
material.
Now when you fabricate your metal-ceramic crown ,the
technician fabricate the metal core first of all then he start
applying porcelain and then he fire it up in oven .now if
you have a big discrepancy between the coefficients of
thermal expansion of ceramic (aC) and metal (a M). Let say
your heating temperature is about 900ْ for porcelain then
900ْ will expand the metal a little bit if the metal expands
more than the porcelain then what will happen? it will
fracture. Then we need close difference of coefficient of

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thermal expansion of ceramic and metal and that could be
adjusted for METAL usually we use BASE METAL
ALLOYS.

PORCELAIN adjusted by FILLERS, increase filler change


the coefficient of thermal expansion.
Generally the ideal difference is 1.0 factor of coefficient of
thermal expansion 1-1.5 is acceptable. Typically aM value
range from 13.5-14.5 *10^-6/C; a C value range from 13.0-
14.0*10^-6/C. PORCELAIN must be LESS than METAL.

If you have metal and porcelain, temperature 900ْC, if you


cool it down to zero, what is going to happen?
The metal will shrink, if your porcelain shrinks more, what
is going to happen? If your porcelain shrinks more, means
that porcelain will slide more in metal and make
compressive force with metal; this is what is called the
compressive bonding.
- Chemical bonding and compressive bonding are
obvious, intermechenical locking is very easy, van
der Waals forces between any 2 bodies, there is van
der Waals force.

The preparation for MCCs, the same principle applies , it is


a combination between metal and porcelain , if it is a
combination between metal and porcelain , then you are
imagining one of the margin will be chamfer because it is
metal and one of the margin will be the one which could
carry porcelain , which is heavy chamfer , shoulder,
beveled shoulder .

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So it is combination between metal and porcelain, the metal
covers all around the preparation, but the porcelain covers
the metal substructure in the visible areas.
(When you make MCCs, all the preparation will be covered
by metal, but esthetic or visible areas will be covered by
porcelain).

Anterior MCCs features:-

• 2mm incisal reduction, but how much for FMCs?


No, we don’t use it in anterior teeth.
• 1.2 mm axial reduction labialy, the finish line of
FMCs was 0.5- 0.7 mm, and this is 1.2 mm, so it is
more reduction.
• The line should pass lingually to the contact point.
When you prepare shoulder, you need to pass it 1mm
lingually.

You prepare the whole labial, then you go


interproximally, you should pass the contact point 1mm
lingually.
( ‫ وبتوقف للخلف‬mm1 ‫ بتعديها‬Contact area ‫ بس تصل ل‬shoulder
‫) لما بتحضر‬

Where is the contact area anteriorly (I mean where is the


contact area between central and central)?
Cervicoocclusal more incisally (between mid 1/3 – incisal
1/3), but buccolingually, it will be more labially.

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As you go posteriorly, the contact area will be more
lingually, that’s why you need to cross (pass) the contact
area anteriorly; while in posterior teeth, you don’t cross
contact point 1mm, but you have to stop; because it is
already away lingually.

Posterior MCCs features

• Why do you have 2mm incisal reduction (we cut 2mm


symmetrically from the whole incisal edge) while in
posterior teeth, you have to cut 1.5- 2mm?
Because of functional cusp. The whole incisal edge in
excursions is stop, means that the whole incisal edge has
load; so it is functional cusp.
‫ لما يحرك أسنانه‬contact ‫يمكن يجي عليها‬, load ‫ عليها‬incisal ‫كل‬
‫)معناه‬

In posterior teeth, the non – functional cusp get less load


than the functional cusp; that’s why we prepare functional
cusp about 1.5 mm.
• 1.2mm labial reduction is the same in posterior and
anterior teeth, just lingually to the contact area, we
prepare shoulder just lingually, but in anterior teeth
we prepare to 1mm lingually. 0.7mm reduction with
chamfer finish line again and this applicable in
anterior and posterior for the non- visible areas.
( 0.7mm) metal)‫ الي ما بتبين بنحط فيها بس‬area ‫يعني‬ (

If you look at anterior teeth , you have your shoulder


finish line about 1.2mm and this 1.2mm is combination

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(roughly 0.5 mm for metal and 0.7mm for porcelain) ,so
the total 1.2mm , incisal reduction roughly 1.5 mm or
more about 2mm .
- Lingually less 0.5 – 0.7mm, the area of 1mm, you
will take details about it in (labs), this area is called
centric stop.
( ‫ بعض عليها فبنزيدها اكثر‬, ‫) لما المريض بعض‬

If you look at posterior, we cover mainly the buccal


surface, we don’t need to cover the occlusal surface
always, but we do need it sometimes. For example:-
-If you have first premolar, you will cover the occlusal
surface; because it is visible.
- If you have lower 7, you don’t need to place occlusal
porcelain; because it is invisible.

If you look at the labial surface, the preparation is


shoulder with reduction 1.2mm, but the lingual is
chamfer, the junction between them is shoulder –step-
chamfer and this is called wing junction.

• The left hand sided, the top one is the labial side is
prepared by shoulder bur, so you have 1.2mm
reduction with flat finish line (shoulder finish line).

• the lingual in the right hand sided , it is metal , so the


finish line is chamfer ,with reduction about 0.7mm
the junction between them , one will be 0.7mm and
the other will be 1.2mm then there will be step and
this step is called wing .

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Back to structural durability, we talked about something
called offset which connects 2 structures together; do
you think this area strengthening point or weakening
point? Strengthening point; because it is the junction
between thick and thin, so this one is going to be strong,
stronger than lingual, but weaker than labial, but it is
strong point, it is a reinforcing struts (trusses)
) 2 grooves ( ‫رح تعمل كأنو رابطين‬

The end of shoulder should be 1mm lingual to the


contact area because the contact area is very labially
placed in anterior teeth, if you finish your shoulder at the
contact area, the metal will be visible when the patient
smile.
So, you need to cross contact area 1mm lingually to end
up your shoulder.

In posterior teeth, the contact area already going


lingually, so you don’t need to cross the contact area
1mm and stop your shoulder finish line, you should stop
it just lingually, just at the contact area; because it is less
esthetics and the contact area is already lingually.
Why we don’t do the whole restoration (preparation)
with shoulder? Because it is destructive.

All Ceramic Crowns

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When we talked about tooth preparation, we focus that
we prepare teeth for 2 reasons, First, preservation; we
don’t need to cut unnecessarily. Second, we need
structural durability.

If you have metal posterioly, and 0.5mm is enough for it,


why to prepare 1.2mm?
• For this reason MCCs are more conservative than all
CCs; because all CCs, we prepare full shoulder all
the way through.
• All CCs are the best cosmetic effect of all FVCs,
why?
Because there is no metal, it is mainly for anterior teeth,
we could use them for posterior teeth, but mainly for
anterior teeth.
• -It is weaker than other FVCs, why weak?
Because, they are porcelain, porcelain is brittle material
by nature, but reinforced by resin cements and all
ceramic crown restorations we cement them with resin
cement, all FVCs and MCCs are cemented with
conventional cement or resin modified glass inomer
cements.

Now, if you have resin cements, if you bond the crown


to the tooth by resin, do you enhance resistance,
retention and stability? Yes, you do.
Do you enhance the strength of material? Yes you do.
The reason is with resin cement , you are working in
micromechanical spaces , the restoration more or less
becomes part of tooth structure , because bonding area
that we use resin cement is very strong and this is to

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justify why resin cement enhance the strength of your
porcelain .

It will be more conservative labially than MCC, why?


Because we don’t need metal, just porcelain, but more
destructive because you prepare full shoulder (lingually
shoulder).
• More destructive than other restoration except the
labial margin or esthetic area in MCCs because you
prepare it 1.2mm.

• They cause tooth wear more than other FVCs, why?


Do remember when you take dental material that
porcelain is very abrasive material, so if it is very
abrasive, it will cause more teeth destruction, more than
other material.
• With all advances in ceramics, all – ceramic bridges
are still limited to certain scenarios.
(When you prepare bridge from ceramic, there is a
limitation but it isn’t important to know them.)
• Occasionally, used in molar teeth, you can do all
ceramic crown restorations or FVCs in posterior
teeth, but usually, we do them in anterior teeth.

The preparation is full shoulder , thickness about 1mm ,


incisal reduction 1.5- 2mm , labialy 1mm ,MCCs are
destructive labially 1.2mm , lingually 1mm , but MCCs
0.5 mm (because it is chamfer ) are more destructive
lingually or palataly .

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The last thing is porcelain laminate veneers (PLVs)
(Indications ‫( الدكتور حكى ما بدنا ندخل بالتفاصيل المهم تعرفوا‬
• A thin layer of porcelain used in the anterior region
to correct :(indications ):-
A-Colour.
B- Mild mal- alignment.
C- Small teeth.
D-Chipped or traumatized teeth.

• Very conservative, thickness about 0.5mm labial


reduction, so, you don’t do anesthesia, because we
prepare them in enamel.
If you don’t go into dentine, you don’t need anesthesia,
but in cons clinic, never do class 1 or 2 without
anesthesia.
• No jags or temporaries because one of the advantages
to make temporary restoration for tooth is to prevent
pain and for esthetic, because this is 0.5mm don’t
affect.
• Usually over contoured and expensive.

The preparation, if you look at left hand sided, very thin


margin, very conservative and esthetic demand very high.

Please remember that all figures given in regard to tooth


reduction for different restoration types could have slight
differences between one reference and another.

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Dr. Saied that there is a range differs between one book to
another; there is no significant difference between them.

Done by : ‫دعاء العودات‬


‫ايسر طشطوش‬

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