Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
,No
Is area >
approximate 600
ft?
No
Horizontal
thermosyphon
No
Yes
Is there a
bottoms pump?
No
Yes
,No Yes
Can tower
be elevated?
Yes
Is viscosity >
0.5 cp?
Yes
.No
Is tube length >
approximate 20 ft?
,No
Vertical
thermosyphon
Category abbreviations Bbeit 6.good operation Ffair bui better choice possible
RDnsky unless carefully designed Rrisky due to insutficieni data
Ppoor operation OEoperable but unnecessarily expensive
Reboiler abbreviations Klkettle or internal HTShorizontal thermosyphon
VTS^vertical thermosyphon RFR^forced flow rAFfalling film
F IC. 4" Reboiler selection flovuchart for varying conditions.
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HEAT TRANSFER
Falling film reboilers. This type of reboiler or evaporator
can be vertical or horizontal:
Vertical tube falling film reboiler. The recirculating liquid is
incroduced at the top of a vertical tube bundle and it falls In a thin
film down inside the tubes. The liquid absorbs heat from steam
condensing on the outside of tubes and water, in liquid state, is
vaporized. This evaporator type is usually selected for higher vis-
cosity liquids and for concentrating heat-sensitive solutions chat
require low residence times. Evaporation occurs on the highly
turbulent tllm and not on the cube sutface. This heat-transfer
operacion requires that temperature differences be low. The main
concetn wich falling film units is that liquids must be disctibuted
evenly to all tubes.
Horizontal tube spray film reboiler. The recirculating liquor
is heated and sprayed over che outside ot a horizontal tube bundle
carrying low-pressure steam, thus condensing watet vapor inside
the Cube. Vapor from the evapotacor chamber can be used as steam
in a subsequenc effect, or mechanically compressed and reused as
the heating medium in the stage where it was generated.
MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION
I he selection of materials ol conscruccion for reboilers is simi-
lar to the methodology used for standard heat exchangers. Mild
steel alloys have excellent heat-transfer coefficient and long service
life. Coppet alloys are not generally recommended due to process
compatibility concerns. Occasionally, operating companies may
require using stainiess steel tube bundles to reduce the possibil-
ity of cube failure from corrosion. This material may impact the
design since che heat-transfer efficiency of stainless steel alloy is
lower than mild steel alloys, especially when reboilets are operat-
ing at maximum throughput.
Se l e c t i ng a reboi l er. Many factors influence reboiler type
selection. In che end, ;ill chese factors reduce co maximum effi-
ciency, maincenance and economics. Every plane will weight che
trade-offs between these factors difFerencly as shown in Fig. 4. No
"one-size-type Res all" selection exists. Table 2 summarizes the
advantages and disadvantages for shell-and-tube reboilers. HP
LITERATURE CITED
' Tammani, B., "Simplifying reboiler entrainment calculations," Oil & Gas
Journal. ]u\y 15, 1985.
T ammami has over 29 years of experience in process,
heat-transfer engineering and construction, as well as equipment
specification and fabfication. As design engineer and engineering
manager with shell-and-tube and pressure wessef fabricators, he
gained the bulk of his experience in equipment design, estimating
and manufactufing. He also has extensive engineering experience with several major
engineering and construction firms on a variety of projects including gas, power and
petrochemical projects. His heat-transfer experience includes nearly 6,500 shell-
and-tube and air-cooter designs, over 2,700 of which are in operation worldwide.
Mr. Tammani has authored several technical papers regarding heat transfer and fluid
flow. He has developed several software products including thermal design and cost
estimating for shell-and-tube heat exchangers. He holds a BS degree in chemical
engineering from the University of Tulsa. He is a principal engineer with Fluor Corp.
He is a member of AIChE and the heat transfer division of ASME Mr, Tammani is a
registered professional engineer in Texas
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