Wind Power in Portugal

2014
Mohamed Mohsen
Simon Stassel
Wind Power In Portugal
2014

1

General Index
3 1- Introduction
4 2- Methodology
5 2-1 Problem Description
5 2-1-1 Problems with getting energy
6 2-1-2 Wind Power Advantages
7 2-1-3 Why Wind Power in Portugal
7 2-1-4 Main Goal
8 2-1-5 Thematic maps to produce
9 2-1-6 Questions to be answered
9 2-1-6-1 Non-spatial Questions
9 2-1-6-2 Spatial Questions
10 2-2 Data Collection
12 2-3 Conceptual data model
12 2-3-1 Relational Conceptual Model
13 2-3-1 Spatial Conceptual Model
14 2-4 Logical data model
15 2-5 Normalization
16 2-6 Definition Queries
21 2-7 Thematic Maps
25 3- Conclusion
26 4- Bibliography

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Index of Figures

4 Fig.1 Methodology of the project
5 Fig.2 world energy consumption growth
5 Fig.3 world oil supply and price
6 Fig.4 Wind power total capacity in Europe
8 Fig.5 wind energy resources in USA
8 Fig.6 average wind map of Europe
11 Fig.7 example of database source attributes
12 Fig.8 Relational conceptual model of wind power database
13 Fig.9 Spatial conceptual model of wind power database
14 Fig.10 logical model of wind power database
15 Fig.11 print screen of project database
21 Fig.12 wind farms situations by district in Portugal
22 Fig.13 locations of active wind farms in Portugal
23 Fig.14 yearly average wind speed in m/s
24 Fig.15 Wind Farms buffer depends on its area

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1 Introduction:
Many organizations have been using databases as a tool for efficiency
and proper management of tasks and their assets. The primary purpose
for this exercise was to integrate a database system, from ones own
design, to ArcGIS and carry out spatial problem solving equations using
the relationships established from the model.
We choose wind energy because of its great potential in future energic
solutions, because of its big advantages, and because Portugal is
becoming one of the biggest wind power provider in Europe.
Hydropower and solar power can be used to boost production capacity
Portuguese hydropower capacity is large and significant photovoltaic
development is planned but energy storage, demand side
management (DSM) and demand side-response (DR) could also play a
major role in optimizing capacity for wind power production. As wind
energy is stochastic in nature and essentially ruled by random
meteorological changes, its ability to reach peak load requirements is
the biggest problem for producers of wind energy. Therefore, wind
energy should be considered an energy resource but not a peak capacity
resource, as only a small fraction of wind capacity has a high probability
of running consistently. Wind is, and should be, used when available and
if capacity exceeds demand then this should be viewed as a bonus .
This work, concerning the creating database of wind farms in Portugal
and show the best place for wind turbines in the subject Relation
Databases is part of the final evaluation. Main objective of this work was
to put into use the practice we learned during the course, using the
selected softwares as the base of the work. Most of work was done
using Microsoft Access.
Using the access, we were able to create fully operation database
containing tables with date, number or text values, and we were able to
create queries or visualize the values in ArcMap software.
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Theme pick
Problem Description
Conceptual model
Data Collection
Creating database
Logical model
Normalization
Definition of Queries
Thematic maps
2 Methodology:

Fig.1 Methodology of the project
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2-1 Problem Description:
2-1-1 Problems with getting energy:
Air pollution from fossil fuel power sources.
Consuming of oil and other materials.
Dangerous and expensive for cost (e.g. nuclear reactors).
World GDP, Oil Consumption, and Energy Consumption move in
tandem, downward.
Oil supply recently growing slowly, price high.

Fig.2 world energy consumption growth
Fig.3 world oil supply and price
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Financial problems in electricity and natural gas sectors
High solar feed in costs a problem
Customers applied for low rates, or cant pay rates
Sell off assets to outsiders (Portugal Chinese)
Capacity installed in Europe countries during 2006 (7614 MW
total)

2-1-2 Wind Power Advantages:
1. The wind is free and with modern technology it can be captured
efficiently.
2. Once the wind turbine is built the energy it produces does not cause
greenhouse gases or other pollutants.
3. Although wind turbines can be very tall each takes up only a small
plot of land. This means that the land below can still be used. This is
especially the case in agricultural areas as farming can still continue.
4. Many people find wind farms an interesting feature of the
landscape.
Fig.4 Wind power total capacity in Europe
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5. Remote areas that are not connected to the electricity power grid
can use wind turbines to produce their own supply.
6. Wind turbines have a role to play in both the developed and third
world.
7. Wind turbines are available in a range of sizes which means a vast
range of people and businesses can use them. Single households to
small towns and villages can make good use of range of wind
turbines available today.

2-1-3 Why Wind Power in Portugal:
To reduce Portugals dependence on imported fossil fuels, they
embarked on an array of ambitious renewable energy projects
primarily harnessing the countrys wind and hydropower.

Nearly 45 percent of the electricity in Portugals grid will come
from renewable sources this year, up from 17 percent just five
years ago.

2-1-4 Main Goal:
The main goal of this project is to create a database of present
wind power and produced energy, wind turbines, wind farms,
manufacturers and operators in Portugal.

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2-1-5 Thematic maps to produce:

Fig.5 wind energy resources in USA
Fig.6 average wind map of Europe
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2-1-6 Questions to be answered:
2-1-6-1 Non-Spatial Questions:
How much energy can Wind Power supply Portugal?
How many Wind Farms in Portugal?
How much current Turbines Capacity in Portugal?
What is the number of Turbines in Portugal ?
What is the Region with the highest number of Wind Farms ?
What is the total energy which the wind supplies Portugal per
month in (MW)?
What turbines have been manufactured in India?
What are the 10 biggest Wind Farms according to their Area ?
What is the oldest wind farm?
What are the newest wind farms?
What municipalities have the highest wind speed?
Which Wind farms its operators are from Portugal?
What are wind farms with biggest population and name of its
district?

2-1-6-2 Spatial Questions:
Which municipality has the most wind speed ?
Which zone of wind farm has the most energy production?
Which municipality doesnt have wind farms?
What is the wind direction in Portugal?
What is the buffer of Portugals wind farms? (Buffer zone which
every farm cover by energy)
What is the location which has a good wind speed and need for
energy and not covered by wind farms ?
Where is the most covered municipality by wind farms?

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2-2 Data Collection:
There are two main methods that were used to complete this
project:
8. Primary Method: the use of data (shapefiles, designed database) in
order to acquire the relevant information needed.
9. Secondary Method: involved the thorough research of already
published books, journal and online articles on relational database
and its integration with ArcGIS software.

For any database design to properly function, several steps were
taken in order to ensure that the database was modeled correctly.
Database design is of significance to the whole process mainly because it
provides the foundation to which future spatial analysis can be based on.
Since this stage involves the representation or abstracting reality so that
it can be tabulated, it can therefore be deduced that this stage is of high
importance.
i. Determine the purpose of the database - This helps prepare for
the remaining steps.
ii. Find and organize the information required - Gather all of the
types of information to record in the database.
iii. Divide the information into tables - Divide information items into
major entities or subjects, such as Products or Orders. Each
subject then becomes a table.
iv. Turn information items into columns - Decide what information
needs to be stored in each table. Each item becomes a field, and is
displayed as a column in the table. For example, an Employees
table might include fields such as Last Name and Hire Date.
v. Specify primary keys - Choose each tables primary key. The
primary key is a column, or a set of columns, that is used to
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uniquely identify each row. An example might be Product ID or
Order ID.
vi. Set up the table relationships - Look at each table and decide how
the data in one table is related to the data in other tables. Add
fields to tables or create new tables to clarify the relationships, as
necessary.
vii. Refine the design - Analyze the design for errors. Create tables
and add a few records of sample data. Check if results come from
the tables as expected. Make adjustments to the design, as
needed.
viii. Apply the normalization rules - Apply the data normalization rules
to see if tables are structured correctly. Make adjustments to the
tables.
Data collection could be in various cases, depending on the data the
hardest part to get or at least the most expensive. In business solutions
is normal, that the data are selling by big amount of money. In
conditions like this, when we cant afford the data, we were getting data
manually by copying them from internet resources.

Fig.7 example of database source attributes
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2-3 Conceptual data model
Conceptual data model contains all major entities and
relationships and in cases, when we are dealing with bigger amount of
entities or attributes, does not contain much detailed level of
information about attributes and is often used in the basic and initial
phase of creating database.
Conceptual data model is created by gathering business
requirements from various sources like business documents, discussion
with functional teams, business analysts, smart management experts
and end users who do the reporting on the database.

2-3-1 Relational Conceptual Model:

Fig.8 Relational conceptual model of wind power database
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2-3-2 Spatial Conceptual Model:

Fig.9 Spatial conceptual model of wind power database
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2-4 Logical data model:
Logical data models represent the abstract structure of informations
that we use in database. It contains the relations between tables,
precisely between primary keys and foreign keys.
Primary key fields must be unique and cannot contain a null value. Each
table should have a primary key, so we can make requests for all tables.
There is a situation when we are using more than one field as primary
key, we call it concatenated keys.
Foreign keys are fields in the table that refer to the primary key in
another table. The data in this field must exactly match data contained
in the primary fields key.
Logical data models should be based on the structures identified in a
preceding conceptual data model, since this describes the semantics of
the information context, which the logical model should also reflect.
Even so, since the logical data model anticipates implementation on a
specific computing system, the content of the logical data model is
adjusted to achieve certain efficiencies.

Ansies Professional School
Fig.10 logical model of wind power database
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2-5 Normalization:
Normalization is a process, by which we want to efficiently organize
data to eliminate redundancy, ensure that data are stored in the correct
table and eliminate need of restructure database when we want to add
data. There are three normalization forms.
1NF Is telling us, that there cant be repeating or duplicate fields. Each
cell must contain only a single value and each record is unique.
2NF All non-keys fields depend on all components of the primary key.
3NF No non-key field depends upon another, only on the primary key.

Fig.11 print screen of project database
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2-6 Definition Queries:
A database query is a piece of code (a query) that is sent to database in
order to get information back from the database. It is used as the way
of retrieving the information from database. A database query is
basically a question that you ask the database. The result of the query is
the information that is returned by the database management system.
Queries are usually constructed using SQL (structured query language)
which resembles a high level programming language.

What is the number of Turbines in Portugal?
SELECT Count([Wind farm].[Wind Farm])
FROM [Wind farm];
Number of turbins in portugal
NTurbins
2114

What is the Region with the highest number of Wind Farms ?
SELECT TOP 1 Region.[Number of wind farms], Region.District
FROM Region
ORDER BY Region.[Number of wind farms] DESC;
Region with highest number of windfarms
Number of wind farms District
302 Vila Real

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What is the total energy which the wind supplies Portugal per month
in (MW)?
SELECT Sum([Wind farm].[Total capacity (MW)]) AS Total
FROM [Wind farm];
Total energy in MW per month for Portugal
Total
4977,9

What is the number of Wind Farms in Portugal ?
SELECT Sum([Wind farm].[Number of turbines]) AS NTurbins
FROM [Wind farm];
Number of wind farms in portugal
Expr1000
228

What turbines have been manufactured in India?
SELECT Manufacturer.Country, Turbines.Model
FROM Turbines INNER JOIN (Manufacturer INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON
Manufacturer.Name = [Wind farm].Manufacturer) ON Turbines.Model =
[Wind farm].[Turbine Model]
WHERE (((Manufacturer.Country)="India"));
What turbine models have been maded in India
Country Model
India N90
India MM92
India ECO74
India E-70-E4

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What are the 10 biggest Wind Farms according to their Area ?
SELECT TOP 10 [Wind farm].[Wind farm], [Wind farm].[Area (m)] AS
BiggestArea
FROM [Wind farm]
ORDER BY [Wind farm].[Area (m)] DESC;
What are the 10 biggest wind farms according to area in Portugal
Wind farm BiggestArea
ALTO DOURO 1060000
ALTO DA COUTADA 720000
ALTURAS DO BARROSO 2 610000
ALTO MINHO 590000
ARADA/ MONTEMURO 560000
CARAMULO 1 420000
BEIRAS 370000
BARAO DE SAO JOAO 250000
CANDAL/COELHEIRA 200000
CADAFAZ 170000

What is the oldest wind farm?
SELECT TOP 1 [Wind farm].[Wind Farm], [Wind farm].[Connected to
grid]
FROM Turbines INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON Turbines.Model = [Wind
farm].[Turbine Model]
ORDER BY [Wind farm].[Connected to grid];
What are the oldest wind farms
Wind Farm Connected to grid
MOINHO DOS CHAOS 1992

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What are the newest wind farms?
SELECT TOP 1 [Wind farm].[Wind Farm], [Wind farm].[Connected to
grid]
FROM Turbines INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON Turbines.Model = [Wind
farm].[Turbine Model]
ORDER BY [Wind farm].[Connected to grid] DESC;

Wind Farm Connected to grid
PRAIA NORTE 2012
AOR 5 2012
TOCHA 2012

Which municipalities have the highest wind speed?
SELECT TOP 1 Region.District, [Wind farm].[Wind speed]
FROM Region INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON Region.[Region Code] =
[Wind farm].[Region Code]
ORDER BY [Wind farm].[Wind speed] DESC;
What municipalites has the highest wind speed
District Wind speed
Vila Real 9
Viseu 9
Coimbra 9
Porto 9
Coimbra 9
Lisboa 9
Viseu 9

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Wind farms which operators are from Portugal?
SELECT [Wind farm].[Wind Farm], Operator.Country, Operator.Name
FROM Operator INNER JOIN (Turbines INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON
Turbines.Model = [Wind farm].[Turbine Model]) ON Operator.Name =
[Wind farm].Operator WHERE (((Operator.Country)='Portugal'));

What are wind farms with biggest population and name of district?
SELECT TOP 1 Region.Population, [Wind farm].[Wind Farm],
Region.District
FROM Turbines INNER JOIN (Region INNER JOIN [Wind farm] ON
Region.[Region Code] = [Wind farm].[Region Code]) ON Turbines.Model
= [Wind farm].[Turbine Model]
ORDER BY Region.Population DESC;

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2-7 Thematic Maps:

Fig.12 wind farms situations by district in MW in Portugal
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Fig.13 locations of active wind farms in
Portugal
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Fig.14 average year wind speed in m/s 10 meters above surface
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Fig.15 Wind Farms buffer depends on its area (m2)
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3 - Conclusion
When working with relation databases, we managed to get
deeper in the process of obtaining data, and how it can be effective,
when we are dealing with big problems, or sometimes even the small
ones.
Moreover, despite this major setback, the primary purpose of learning
the functions of a relational database can be taken from this exercise,
especially when dealing with spatial problems such as organizing a
national event such as a voter registration.

Actually 70 percent isnt unheard of for Portugal. For a few hours in
2011, Portugal was entirely run on renewable power. Yet this was the
first time so much was sustained for a quarter.

Portugals electricity network operator announced that renewable
energy supplied 70 percent of total consumption in the first quarter of
this year. This increase was largely due to favorable weather conditions
resulting in increased wind and water flow, as well as lower demand.
Portuguese citizens are using less energy and using sources that never
run out for the vast majority of what they do use.

Portugals investment in modernizing its electricity grid in 2000 has
come in handy. Like in many countries, power companies owned their
own transmission lines. What the government did in 2000 was to buy all
the lines, creating a publicly owned and traded company to operate
them. This was used to create a smart grid that renewable energy
producers could connect to (encouraged by government-organized
auctions to build new wind and hydro plants).

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4 - Bibliography
http://www.inegi.up.pt
Institute Of Mechanical Engineering And Industrial Management

http://www.thewindpower.net
Wind Turbines and Wind Farms Databases

https://www.wind-watch.org
National Wind Watch

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