J an 23, 2011 RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer Introduction This Application Note introduces a User Mode Flash Programming Bootloader operating on the Renesas RX62N microcontroller. Target Device RX62N Contents 1. Application Note Overview................................................................................................................ 2 2. Application Note Hardware ............................................................................................................... 3 3. USB Bootloader HEW Workspace.................................................................................................... 4 4. Bootloader Overview......................................................................................................................... 5 5. Bootloader Menus............................................................................................................................. 6 6. Bootloader System Resource ........................................................................................................... 9 7. RX600 FLASH Programming.......................................................................................................... 11 8. Creating an Bootloader Compliant Application............................................................................... 12
R01AN0474EG0100 Rev 1.00 J an 23, 2011 RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 2 of 18 J an 23, 2011 1. Application Note Overview The RX62N microcontroller is a member of the RX600 series of high performance 32-bit CISC microcontrollers from Renesas. The RX62N incorporates many peripheral functions that are essential for embedded devices, such as 16-bit & 8-bit Timers, Ethernet controller, USB 2.0 host/function modules, serial communications interfaces, I 2 C bus interfaces, CAN modules, an A/D converter, and a D/A converter. The RX62N also incorporates up to 512kBytes of High Speed (100MHz) single cycle execution FLASH memory, 32kBytes of Data FLASH and up to 96Kbytes of SRAM. The FLASH memory on the RX62N may be programmed in many ways. These are: Off-board programming A PROM programmer can be used to program the FLASH memory. On-board programming Boot mode: On Boot, the FLASH memory is programmable via the SCI (UART) interface USB boot mode: On Boot, the FLASH memory is programmable via USB Function interface User program: Programming of FLASH memory occurs as part of the user application. The On-board programming modes are selected by mode pins MD0 and MD1. It is a common requirement in User Applications for the firmware to be upgraded. Typically, this would require access to the mode pins to specify one of the Boot Modes. This may not be possible, or desirable. An alternative method is to have a User Application running a Bootloader that in response to a set of commands (whether this be via I/O, SCI Comms, USB Comms) allows FLASH memory programming using User Program mode. This Application Note details how such a Bootloader can be implemented. The Bootloader is menu driven, allowing the user to erase the FLASH memory, Program the FLASH memory and then Execute the newly programmed code. Communication between the RX62N and the host PC is via USB. The USB peripheral on the RX62N enumerates using the CDC class. This allows communication to be achieved using a terminal emulator such a Hyperterminal. Data for Menu Commands are transmitted with no specified protocol. Data for FLASH programming is transmitted via the XModem protocol. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 3 of 18 J an 23, 2011 2. Application Note Hardware The Application Note was developed on the RX62N RSK development board, using the HEW IDE and E1 On-Chip Emulator. Figure 1. shows a graphical representation of the development environment. PC running HEW4 IDE. Figure 1. E1 Emulator. Used for Application Note development. Not required for normal Bootloader execution. USB Cable. PC - E1 Connection. Bootloader USB Cable. PC - RSK Connection. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 4 of 18 J an 23, 2011
3. USB Bootloader HEW Workspace The Bootloader App Note is a fully working demonstration, with full source code being available as an accompanying download. To view the source code and projects, it is recommended that you use HEW4. The Workspace consists of 2 projects, USB_Bootloader, and TestCode. USB_Bootloader is the Bootloader. TestCode is an example project that is built for the Bootloader. When developing an application for the Bootloader, the user has to be aware of some design constraints. Please refer to section 7 of this Application Note for details. The following briefly describes the purpose of each file. command.c: - Command handler for the Bootloader menu system dbsct.c - Section initialization. This differs from the standard dbsct.c generated by the HEW project wizard as we use the segment initialization to copy the FLASH programming routines from FLASH to RAM fixed_interrupt.c - The RX62N has 2 interrupt vector tables, a fixed vector table and a relocatable table. - The fixed vector table contains 5 vectors, 4 of which have to either map to ISR handlers in the User App, or if they occur during Bootloader operation, be handled by the Bootloader. - This provides the mechanism for doing this. Flash_API_RX62N.c - The FLASH erasing / programming routines. hwsetup.c - Configures the System, Peripheral and Bus Clocks of the RX62N. main.c - Called as part of PowerON_Reset() mtu2.c - Code for the control of MTU2 Channel 8. Used to generate 1ms timeouts. resetprg.c - Code that is executed after a Reset. Calls Segment Initialisation, Hardware Setup and main(). XModem - Code for handling data (transmit & receive) following the XModem protocol.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 5 of 18 J an 23, 2011 4. Bootloader Overview The Bootloader enables the user to manage the erasing & programming of the RX62N FLASH memory, and the execution of any downloaded application. This is achieved by a basic 5 option menu that can be viewed in a terminal emulator program, such as HyperTerminal. The USB Function peripheral is used and is configured as CDC Class, thus making the USB Function peripheral appear as a COM port on a PC. ** Please note that you will have to provide the CDC inf file for the PC, the first time the application is run. ** ** This is provided in the source code at the following location .. \USB_Bootloader\USB_Bootloader\Host\Driver\ **
The basic operation of the Bootloader is detailed by the flow diagram in figure 2.
VBUS interrupt? (USB cable attached?) time ==5s ? Character detected from Host PC? Initialise the USB peripheral. Initialise the MTU peripheral Start MTU time =0s PowerOn Reset Display Bootloader Menu. Is User App programmed into Device? Run User App. while(1); No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Figure 2. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 6 of 18 J an 23, 2011 5. Bootloader Menus If a USB cable is connected to the RSK within 5 seconds of Power-On, the RX62N will enumerate with the PC, configure the USB Function peripheral as a CDC Class device and then wait for a character to be received on the USB- Comm port. When this is received it will display the menu as shown in figure 3.
5.1 Menu Explanation 1. . . . . Blank Check User Area Reports back the status of the User Area: Flash Blocks EB1 to EB35.
2 . . . . . Erase User Area Erases the entire User Area: Flash Blocks EB1 to EB35.
3. . . . . Erase User Block Allows the User to Erase a specific block, allowable blocks being 01 to 35.
4. . . . . Program Flash via XModem Download Transfer the binary image file of the User Application to the RX62N and program the FLASH memory.
5. . . . . Start User Program Allows the User to start execution of the User Application, if code is detected in the User Area. Figure 3.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 7 of 18 J an 23, 2011
5.2 Transferring a file in Hyperterminal via XModem Protocol For Bootloader menu options 1, 2, 3 & 5, the User only need to enter data via the keyboard responses. Bootloader menu option 4 requires data from the keyboard and then for data to be transmitted via the XModem protocol. When using Hyperterminal, this is achieved by the Transfer menu option.
When Option 4 is entered, the User will be prompted to enter the address to program code to, followed by a prompt to confirm the programming process.
When Start XModem Download is displayed, select Send File from the Transfer menu option.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 8 of 18 J an 23, 2011
From the Send File dialogue, select XModem from the Protocol list box and then Browse to the required file. Note that this file has to be a binary file. Please see section 7 for details. After pressing Send the progress dialogue is displayed.
When complete, the Bootloader will report back the status of the FLASH programming process.
Press any key on the Keyboard to display the Bootloader menu. It is now possible to execute the new code using option 5.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 9 of 18 J an 23, 2011 6. Bootloader System Resource The Bootloader application is a User Application itself, and as such requires a certain amount of ROM and RAM to operate. The Bootloader application memory map is shown in figure 9. It can be seen that the Bootloader application code is located in 2 areas of FLASH memory, between addresses HFFF80000 and HFFF87FF, and HFFFFF000 H FFFFFFFF. Therefore, this leaves FLASH memory from HFFF88000 to HFFFFEFFF available to the User Application. This leaves 47696kB of internal Flash memory available to the User Application. When the Bootloader is executing it uses the internal RAM, typically as storage areas for the data received prior to programming the FLASH, which is in 256byte lines. When the Bootloader is not executing then the entire internal RAM is available to the User Application. Additionally, the Bootloader uses the USB0 peripheral and 1 of MTU timer channels. The USB peripheral is obviously used to enable USB communications, the MTU timer is to provide a time out when running the menu handler and USB comms. These peripherals are available to the User Application.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 10 of 18 J an 23, 2011 The Bootloader uses FLASH blocks EB0, EB36 & EB37. This leaves FLASH blocks EB01 EB35 available to the User Application.
FLASH Memory (Write) Reserved FCU ROM Reserved USB Boot Mode ROM Reserved
FLASH Memory (Read) H 00000000 H00017fff H 00800000 H000fffff H 00100000 H00107fff H 007f 8000 H007f9fff H 007f c000 H007fc4ff H 007f f c00 H007fffff H 00f 80000 H00ffffff H f ef f e000 Hfeffffff H f f 7f c000 Hff80bfff H f f f 80000 Hffffffff EB00 - EB07: 4kByte Blocks EB08 - EB37: 16kByte Blocks Figure 9. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 11 of 18 J an 23, 2011 7. RX600 FLASH Programming The Bootlader application has to be able to erase and program the FLASH memory of the RX600. The routines for these procedures are detailed in the file Flash_API_RX62N.c, which are part of the RX600 FLASH API. Please refer to the Application Note Simple Flash API for RX600, which is Application Note Number REU05B0131-0141. A copy of Application Note Simple Flash API for RX600 (file name: reu05b0131_rxap.pdf) is included in the Source Code download of this Application Note, in the Documents folder.
Figure 10. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 12 of 18 J an 23, 2011 8. Creating a Bootloader Compliant Application The Bootloader application allows a user to easily program a User Application into the RX62N. However, this User Application has to be developed with the following constraints. a) Reduced Code Space The user has access to FLASH blocks EB01 to EB35 b) Interrupt handling of the fixed vector table The Bootloader expects the User Application to provide ISR handlers for the Privileged Instruction Exception, Undefined Instruction Exception, Floating Point Exception, NMI Exception, at specific addresses. If not, then these Exceptions will not be handled correctly, causing the User Application to fail. c) The output of the project has to be a binary file (.bin), not an absolute file (.abs) The project TestCode supplied with the source code download shows how to create a Bootloader compliant application.
The Reduced Code Space is handled by the linker settings. As the Bootloader uses FLASH blocks 37 and 36, the first available address for the User App is HFFF88000. It is at this address that the Bootloader expects the Fixed Vector Table to be located. This can be seen in the Link/Library Section dialogue, at address 0xFF88000 FIXEDVECT.
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 13 of 18 J an 23, 2011 The User Application Fixed Vector table is created in the file vecttbl.c
#i ncl ude " vect . h"
#pr agma sect i on C FI XEDVECT / *******************************************************************************/ / * */ / * DO NOT CHANGE THE LOCATI ON OF THI S VECTOR TABLE I N THE LI NKER SETTI NGS */ / * */ / * I F I T DOES NEED TO BE MOVED, THE BOOTLOADER WI LL HAVE TO BE MODI FI ED ALSO */ / * */ / *******************************************************************************/ voi d* const Fi xed_Vect or s[ ] = { ( voi d*) Excep_Super Vi sor I nst , / / ; 0xf f f 88000 Except i on( Super vi sor I nst r uct i on) Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 88004 Reser ved Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 88008 Reser ved ( voi d*) Excep_Undef i nedI nst , / / ; 0xf f f 8800c Except i on( Undef i ned I nst r uct i on) Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 8c010 Reser ved ( voi d*) Excep_Fl oat i ngPoi nt , / / ; 0xf f f 88014 Except i on( Fl oat i ng Poi nt ) Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 88018 Reser ved Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 8801c Reser ved Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 88020 Reser ved Dummy, / / ; 0xf f f 88024 Reser ved ( voi d*) NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt , / / ; 0xf f f 88028 NMI Power ON_Reset _PC / / ; 0xf f f 8802c RESET };
The example code uses the NMI exception to demonstrate how the Fixed Vectors can be used if required. Figure 12 shows the interaction between the Bootloader App and the User App when handling the Fixed Vector Table Exceptions. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 14 of 18 J an 23, 2011
PowerOnReset Bootloader Superviosr ISR Code Bootloader FPU ISR Code Bootloader Undefined ISR Code Bootloader NMI ISR Code Address of User App Supervisor ISR Function Address of User App FPU ISR Function Address of User App Undefined ISR Function Address of User App NMI ISR Function
This ISR code reads the memory contents of a fixed location. This location has to be the address of the User App Fixed Vector Table. This ISR handler has a RTIE. If the contents are not Hffffffff, (not blank) then the Bootloader ISR Code will call the function. Extract from file f i xed_i nt er r upt . c ( - Project USB_Bootloader) / ******************************************************* Except i on ( NMI ) *******************************************************/ #pr agma i nt er r upt I nt er r upt _NMI voi d I nt er r upt _NMI ( voi d) { unsi gned l ong *p; voi d ( *f p) ( voi d) ;
p = ( unsi gned l ong *) ( USER_APP_FI XED_VECT_TBL_BASE_ADDR + NMI E_OFFSET) ; i f ( *p ! = 0xf f f f f f f f ) { / / cal l user pr ogr am f p = ( voi d ( *) ( voi d) ) *p; f p( ) ; } el se { br k( ) ; } }
Bootloader Code User App Code Supervisor FPU Undefined NMI Bootloader Code User App NMI ISR Function This function is the User App ISR. This must be returned from as any other function and not treated as an interrupt with a RTIE at the end of the function. Therefore, remove the #pragma interrupt language extension when declaring the ISR in the User App Code. Extract from file vect . h ( - Project TestCode) / / NMI / / #pr agma i nt er r upt ( NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt ) / / Remove #pr agma - not r equi r ed f or User App Fi xed Vect or voi d NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt ( voi d) ;
Extract from file mai n. c ( - Project TestCode)
voi d NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt ( voi d) { / / Toggl e LED t o show NMI act i vat i on unsi gned shor t Count ; f or ( Count =0; Count <100; Count ++) { PORT0. DR. BI T. B2 = 1 - PORT0. DR. BI T. B2; } } Address of Bootloader NMI ISR Figure 12. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 15 of 18 J an 23, 2011
8.1 Creating the User App Fixed Vector ISRs The RX62N has five fixed vectors: The User App may wish to use the vectors Super, Und, FPU and NMI. The mechanism for handling these is detailed in figure 12. The TestCode User App uses the NMI. The User App NMI was created by the following steps.
Firstly, the function prototype in file vect.h is changed, by commenting out the #pragma interrupt ( _ ) Then the function declaration is modified to reflect the required usage. By default, any of the fixed vectors will call the brk() function, which itself generates a break exception, which is the first entry of the relocatable vector table. In this example the NMI function is made an extern and the NMI ISR is declared main.c Extract from intprg.c / / NMI ext er n voi d NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt ( voi d) ; / / { br k( ) ; }
Extract from main.c voi d NonMaskabl eI nt er r upt ( voi d) { unsi gned shor t Count ; f or ( Count =0; Count <100; Count ++) { PORT0. DR. BI T. B2 = 1 - PORT0. DR. BI T. B2; } } RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 16 of 18 J an 23, 2011 The relocatable vectors are easily moved as the RX62N has an Interrupt Table Register (INTB) that specifies the address of the where the vector table starts. The INTB registers is initialized as part of PowerOn_Reset(). voi d Power ON_Reset _PC( voi d) { set _i nt b( ( unsi gned l ong) __sect op( " C$VECT" ) ) ; . . . }
C$VECT is again specified in the Linker Setting, as part of C$* entry. ISRs are specified using the #pragma language extension. This can be seen in vect.h. To demonstrate ISR usage, the example code generates a MTU2 Channel 8 Compare Match B interrupt. The entry in vect.h has been modified to: / / MTU8 TGI B8 #pr agma i nt er r upt ( Excep_MTU8_TGI B8( vect =154) ) ext er n voi d Excep_MTU8_TGI A8( voi d) ;
and the ISR function is declared in main.c
voi d Excep_MTU8_TGI B8( voi d) { PORT0. DR. BI T. B5 = 1 - PORT0. DR. BI T. B5; PORT0. DR. BI T. B3 = 1 - PORT0. DR. BI T. B3; }
RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 17 of 18 J an 23, 2011 As mentioned previously, the output of the User Application has to be of binary format. This is done in the linker settings.
Figure 13. RX62N RX62N USB Bootloader with XModem Transfer R01AN0474EG0100 Rev.1.00 Page 18 of 18 J an 23, 2011 Website and Support Renesas Electronics Website http://www.renesas.com/
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A-1 Revision Record Description Rev.
Date Page Summary 1.00 J an.23.11 First edition issued
General Precautions in the Handling of MPU/MCU Products
The following usage notes are applicable to all MPU/MCU products from Renesas. For detailed usage notes on the products covered by this document, refer to the relevant sections of the document as well as any technical updates that have been issued for the products.
1. Handling of Unused Pins Handle unused pins in accord with the directions given under Handling of Unused Pins in the manual. The input pins of CMOS products are generally in the high-impedance state. In operation with an unused pin in the open-circuit state, extra electromagnetic noise is induced in the vicinity of LSI, an associated shoot-through current flows internally, and malfunctions occur due to the false recognition of the pin state as an input signal become possible. Unused pins should be handled as described under Handling of Unused Pins in the manual. 2. Processing at Power-on The state of the product is undefined at the moment when power is supplied. The states of internal circuits in the LSI are indeterminate and the states of register settings and pins are undefined at the moment when power is supplied. In a finished product where the reset signal is applied to the external reset pin, the states of pins are not guaranteed from the moment when power is supplied until the reset process is completed. In a similar way, the states of pins in a product that is reset by an on-chip power-on reset function are not guaranteed from the moment when power is supplied until the power reaches the level at which resetting has been specified. 3. Prohibition of Access to Reserved Addresses Access to reserved addresses is prohibited. The reserved addresses are provided for the possible future expansion of functions. Do not access these addresses; the correct operation of LSI is not guaranteed if they are accessed. 4. Clock Signals After applying a reset, only release the reset line after the operating clock signal has become stable. When switching the clock signal during program execution, wait until the target clock signal has stabilized. When the clock signal is generated with an external resonator (or from an external oscillator) during a reset, ensure that the reset line is only released after full stabilization of the clock signal. Moreover, when switching to a clock signal produced with an external resonator (or by an external oscillator) while program execution is in progress, wait until the target clock signal is stable. 5. Differences between Products Before changing from one product to another, i.e. to a product with a different part number, confirm that the change will not lead to problems. The characteristics of an MPU or MCU in the same group but having a different part number may differ in terms of the internal memory capacity, layout pattern, and other factors, which can affect the ranges of electrical characteristics, such as characteristic values, operating margins, immunity to noise, and amount of radiated noise. When changing to a product with a different part number, implement a system-evaluation test for the given product.
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