RESEARCH STATEMENT

SOFIA TIRABASSI
In recent years many advances in the understanding of the geometry of the projective varieties,
and many results of classical avor, have been brought by the use of non-classical tools, such as
the derived categories of coherent sheaves and the FourierMukai transform ([M]). My research
focuses on algebraic geometry and, more precisely, I am interested in the interplay of derived
categories techniques with the generic vanishing theorems of GreenLazarsfeld ([GL1, GL2]),
following a road pionered by Hacon ([H1, H2]) and widly explored by PareschiPopa (see [P2]
for a survey of the most recent results).
Complex tori, i.e. quotients of C
n
by , a discrete subgroup of rank 2n, are, perhaps, among
the most understood compat complex manifolds. They have an abelian Lie group structure. In
addition, the line bundles over these manifold can be described in terms of Hermitian forms and
characters of C

, therefore it is remarkably easy to compute their cohomology.

To any complex Khaler manifold X one can associate in a canonical way a complex torus
Alb(X), with a holomorphic map alb
X
: X Alb(X). The pair (Alb(X), alb
X
) satises the
usual universal property (i.e. any map from X to another complex torus C
n
/ factors in a
unique way through alb
X
), and is called Albanese variety of X.
It is, then, natural to ask whether it is possible to nd information on the geometry of X,
passing through Alb(X).
When the map alb
X
is generically nite (that is there exist a dense open subset U of alb
X
(X)
such that for any point in U its preimage through alb
X
is nite), this investigation has brought,
during the years, many interesting results, starting with the aformetioned work of Green
Lazarsfeld on generic vanishing theorems, passing through the results of Hacon (who in [H1]
was the rst to have the idea to use the derived categories in order to approach theese prob-
lems), HaconPardini, and, of course, PareschiPopa.
Applications of theese tools range from a better understanding the geometry of subvarieties of
abelian varieties, to generation properties of sheaves one maximal Albanese dimensional varieties,
passing by the classication problem of maximal Albanese dimensional varieties with small
invariants.
Recent work of JinagSun [JS] leads to expect that similar techniques could be also used to
challenge problem on varieties whose general ber of the Albanese map has dimension 1.
Unfortunately, due to the failure of Kodairas vanishing in positive characteristic, Green
Lazarsfeld generic vanishing theorems do not hold for varieties dened over leds of positive
characteristic (cfr. [HK]), but due to some recent work of Hacon and coauthors, there is still
some hope to have a somewhat similar technique to apply in this setting. Thus a very interesting
line of future research might be to try to extend to a purely algebraic geometry setting all the
results already known for complex varieties.
In what follows, after a brief background paragraph that will allow me to x some notation, I
will give a more technical exposition of the progresses resulted from my work and I will outline
my future lines of research.
1
2 SOFIA TIRABASSI
Background and Notation. Given any variety Y with a non trivial map a : Y A to an
abelian variety, and given any sheaf F on Y one can construct the i-th generic vanishing locus
of F with respect to a:
(1) V
i
a
(Y, F) := Pic
0
(A) [ h
i
(Y, F a

) ,= 0 Pic
0
(A).
Denition 1. We say that F is a GV
k
-sheaf with respect to a for some non negative integer
k, if
codim

A
V
i
a
(Y, F) i +k for every i > 0.
Usually, when k = 0, the subscript is omitted and we speak, simply, of GV -sheaves.
The loci (1) carry much information about the sheaf F, like, for example, some of its gen-
eration properties. As a consequence, if F is either (a power of) the canonical sheaf of Y , or
the ideal sheaf of a subscehme X Y , they bring information about the geometry of Y and X
respectively.
To make an example, an outstanding theorem of GreenLazarsfeld ([GL1, Thm. 1]) states
that the canonical sheaf of Y is GV with respect to a if, and only if, a is generically nite.
Furthermore, EinLazarsfeld ([EL]) proved that O
Y
(K
Y
) is GV
1
(always with respect to a) if,
and only if, a(Y ) is of general type.
A very useful tool, that allows to extract many among these precious data from the generic
vanishing loci of F with repsect to a the is a special integral transform, R
a
: D(Y )
D(Pic
0
(A)), where D(Y ) denotes the (bounded) derived category of coherent sheaves on Y .
Let P be the Poincare line bundle on A Pic
0
(A). Then R
a
is the functor given by the
formula
(2) R
a
() := Rp
Pic
0
(A),
(p

Y
() (a 1)

P).
Where p
Pic
0
(A)
and p
Y
denote, respectively, the second and rst projection from the products
Y Pic
0
(A).
Varieties with Minimal Cohomology Class. Given a principally polarized abelian variety
(A, ) with dimA = g, a reduced subscheme X A of dimension d is said to have minimal
cohomology class if [X] =

gd
(gd)!
is nondivisible in H
2(gd)
(A, Z).
Of course, any theta divisor of A has minimal cohomology class. Other examples of such
subschemes are given by AbelJacobi image of a symmetric product of a smooth curve C, C
(
d),
when d < g(C).
There is an oustanding conjecture, due in its most generality to Debarre ([D]), but formu-
lated in lower dimension by Beauville [B2] and Ran ([R]) concerning subscheme with minimal
cohomology classes:
Conjecture 2. Let (A, ) be an indecomposable complex principally polarized
abelian variety of dimension g and let X be a geometrically nondegenerate closed reduced sub-
scheme of A of pure dimension d g 2 such that it has minimal cohomology class. Then
either one of the following holds:
(1) (A, ) is a polarized Jacobian of a curve C of genus g and X is an Abel-Jacobi embedded
copy of the BrillNoether loci W
d
(C);
(2) g=5, d = 2, (A, ) is the intermediate Jacobian of a smooth cubic threefolds, and X is
a translate of S, the Fano surface of lines.
RESEARCH STATEMENT 3
MatsusakaRan criterion tells us that this conjecture is true if dimX=1. Moreover, it is
known (cfr. [D, Thm 5.1]) that the only subschemes of a polarized Jacobian having minimal
cohomology class are indeed the aforementioned BrillNoether loci. Finally in [H4] Horing
proved that if (A, ) is a general intermediate Jacobian of a cubic threefold, then the Fano
surface of lines is the only subscheme having minimal cohomology class, with the exception, of
course, of the theta divisor.
In [PP2] the authors proposed to attack the conjecture by studying the generic vanishing loci
(cfr. (1)) of the sheaf I
X
() (with respect to the identity map 1 : A A), where I
X
denotes
the ideal of X in A. In this contest it makes perfectly sense to ask oneself if the sheaf I
X
()
is GV or not.
In [PP2], PareschiPopa enhanced Conjecture 2 in the following way:
Conjecture 3. Let (A, ) be an indecomposable complex principally polarized abelian variety of
dimension g and let X be a geometrically nondegenerate closed reduced subscheme of A of pure
dimension d g 2. Then the following are equivalent:
(1) [X] =

gd
(gd)!
;
(2) I
X
() is a GV sheaf.
(3) O
X
() is a GV
1
sheaf and (O
X
()) = 1;
(4) Either (A, ) is a polarized Jacobian of a curve C of genus g and X is an Abel-Jacobi
embedded copy of the BrillNoether loci W
d
(C), or g=5, d = 2, (A, ) is the interme-
diate Jacobian of a smooth cubic threefolds, and X is a translate of S, the Fano surface
of lines.
All the schemes in point (4) are known to have minimal cohomology class, thus the implication
(4) (1) was already known. Furthermore PareschiPopa were able to prove the equivalence
of (2) and (3) and that they both implies (1). This, together with MatsusakaRan criterion,
allowed them to prove the following.
Theorem 4. Let X be a geometrically nondegenerate equidimensional reduced subscheme of an
indecomposable g-dimensional principally polarized complex abelian variety (A, ). If dimX is
either 1 or g 2 then (A, ) is a polarized Jacobian and X is either an AbelJacobi curve or it
is a BrillNoether locus W
g2
(C).
Concerning the implication (4) (2) it was proved by PareschiPopa (cfr. [PP1]) in the case
of the Brill-Noether loci of a Jacobian variety and by Horing (cfr. [H3]) for the Fano surface of
lines.
Together with L. Lombardi we were able to prove
Theorem 5. [LT] Let X be a non degenerate reduced GV subscheme of an indecomposable
principally polarized abelian variety (A, ). And suppose that the inclusion map i : X A
factors as below:
(3)
X


a
//
i

@
@
@
@
@
@
@
J








A
where J is another abelian variety, is a homomorphism and the image of X in J generates J
as a group (i.e. it is not contained in any proper subabelian variety of J). Then J A.
4 SOFIA TIRABASSI
A direct consequence of Theorem 5 is:
Theorem 6. Let X be a normal non degenerate irreducible GV subvariety of an indecomposable
principally polarized abelian variety (A, ). Then A is the Albanese variety of X and up to iso-
morphism the inclusion i : X A is the Albanese map. In particular H
1
(X, O
X
) H
1
(X, O
A
).
That could be seen (modulo the normality assumption) as an higher dimension analogue (with
a somewhat stronger hypotesis) of Ran criterion.
Conjecture 2 is still open and it is deemed to be a very hard one. There are, however, some
intermediate questions one might want to consider
1
.
Problem 1. Given two GV -subschemes X and Y of a principally polarized abelian variety
(A, ). Give conditions such that X +Y or X Y is a still a GV -scheme.
A very important particular case of this would be.
Problem 2. Given a GV -subscheme X of a principally polarized abelian variety (A, ). Give
conditions such that X +X or X X is a still a GV -scheme.
For example, it is known that if dimX=1, then X +X is always GV , while X X is never
that. If S is the Fano surface of line in an intermediate Jacobian of a cubic threefolds, then
S S is GV while S +S is not. On the other side, if S is W
2
(C) for some curve C, then
W
2
(C) +W
2
(C) = W
4
(C)
is GV .
A statement such as the one in Problem 2 would allow to prove other cases of the conjecture,
simply by using [PP2, Thm. C]. In fact, suppose that S is a GV surface in an abelian 6-fold. If
S +S were to be GV , then using PareschiPopa result, it would be a W
4
(C) in the jacobian of
a curve C of genus 6. This is really nigh to prove that S is indeed W
2
(C).
Other open problems, more directly related to [LT] are:
Problem 3. Prove that if X is a GV -scheme in an indecomposable principally polarized abelian
variety, then it is irreducible.
Problem 4. Prove that if X is a GV -scheme in an indecomposable principally polarized abelian
variety, then it normal with rational singularities.
Problem 5 (Suggested by C. Hacon). Investigate extension of the conjecture in positive char-
acteristic.
Classication of Varieties of Maximal Albanese dimension. Another example of how
derived categories can be helpful in understanding classical algebraic geometry problems is
[JLT1], where we made some progresses along two lines of research.
The rst one, opened by Hacon ([H1, H2]), ChenHacon ([CH1, CH4]), HaconPardini ([HP1])
and in part inspired by the works of Kollar, Kawamata, EinLazarsfeld, concerns the cohomo-
logical characterization of theta divisors in principally polarized abelian varieties.
One considers X, a smooth complex variety of maximal Albanese dimension. Thanks to
GreenLazarsfeld generic vanishing theorem ([GL1, Thm. 1]) (X,
X
) 0. By a results of
1
Some of these proposed problems are joint projects with L. Lombardi (a postdoctoral fellow at University of
Bonn) and have been suggested to us by M. Popa (University of Illinois at Chicago).
RESEARCH STATEMENT 5
EinLazarsfeld, if (X,
X
) = 0, then the Albanese image alb
X
(X) is bered by subtori, and
therefore it is not of general type.
The next case to consider is (X,
X
) = 1. Under this assumption, we nd the rst examples
of varieties of maximal Albanese dimension and Albanese image of general type, namely (smooth
models of) theta divisors in indecomposable principally polarized abelian varieties, and their
products. There are not other known examples. Thus, it seems natural to ask oneself if these
might be the only ones. With a mixture of tools from birational geometry, generic vanishing
theory, and the use of the integral transform R
a
dened in (2) the authors were able to prove:
Theorem 7. A normal subvariety X of a complex abelian variety (not assumed to be principally
polarized) is a product of theta divisors if, and only if, given

X X a resolution of singularities
of X, (

X, K

X
) = 1.
Theorem 8. A smooth complex projective variety is birational to a product of theta divisors if
and only if (X, K
X
) = 1, its Albanese map is generically nite, its Albanese image is of general
type and smooth in codimension 1.
It is not yet clear if the hypothesis on the singularities of the Albanese image can be removed.
Thus it is natural to consider the following question, initially proposed by Pareschi.
Problem 6. Are all varieties of maximal Albanese dimension with Euler characteristic equal
one and Albanese image of general type birational to products of theta divisors in principally
polarized abelian varieties?
From the proofs in [JLT1] it results clear that the crucial step in answering the question
above is to study the problem of divisors in abelian varieties. For this reason it is worth to
single out this particular case.
Problem 7. Let D A be an ample Cartier divisor in a complex abelian variety such that it
has a resolution of singularities : X D with (X, K
X
) = 1 and such that does not factor
through any isogeny. Is D a principal polarization of A?
Observe as the condition on the map cannot be removed: let D be a polarization of type
(1, 2) in an indecomposable abelian surface S. Then D is a curve with one node and any smooth
model of it is a curve C of genus 2. However, the resolution of singularities : C D factors
trough an isogeny J(C) S, where J(C) is the Jacobian of C. Thus D does not satisfy the
hypothesis of the above problem.
A slight modication of Problem 6 would be the following:
Problem 8. Let X be a smooth complex projective variety of maximal Albanese dimension,
(X, K
X
) = 1, q(X) = dimX + 1 and with Albanese image of general type. Is X birational to
a theta divisor in a principally polarized abelian variety?
The second line of research explored by the authors of [JLT1] concerns the problem of classify
maximal Albanese dimensional varieties with small invariants.
These varieties, behave, in many aspects, as surfaces of general type. For example, Hacon
Pardini [HP3] showed, extending in higher dimension a results of Beauville ([B1]) on surfaces,
that the irregularity q(X) of a smooth complex variety X of maximal Albanese dimension and
(X, K
X
) = 1 is bounded by 2 dimX. Furthermore, equality holds if, and only if, X is birational
to a product of curve of genus 2.
6 SOFIA TIRABASSI
In [HP2] and [P3] HaconPardini and Pirola give a complete classication of surfaces with
= 1 and irregularity 3.
With similar techniques to those employed in the proofs of Theorems 7 and 8, the authors
were able to prove the following completion and generalization of both results of HaconPardini
and the work of Pirola.
Theorem 9. Let X be a smooth projective variety of maximal Albanese dimension. Assume that
(X, K
X
) = 1 and q(X) = 2 dimX 1. Then X is birational to one of the following varieties:
(1) a product of smooth curves of genus 2 with the 2-dimensional symmetric product of a
curve of genus 3;
(2) (C
1

Z)/, where C
1
is a bielliptic curve of genus 2,

Z C
1
C
n1
is an etale
double cover of a product of smooth projective curves of genus 2, and is an involution
acting diagonally on C
1
and

Z via the involutions corresponding respectively to the double
covers.
In this area there are still many interesting open problems, and many of them could be
challenged using techniques involving both derived categories and generic vanishing theorems.
Problem 9. To classify 3-folds of maximal Albanese dimension, with irregularity 4, and Euler
characteristic 1 that are not a product of a surface with p
g
= q = 2 and a genus 2 curve.
In recent years, PeneginiPolizzi ([PP4, PP3]) made some interesting progress in this elds,
constructing new examples of such surfaces with the aid of derived categories, following an
approach of ChenHacon ([CH3]). This brings us to the formulation of the following problem.
Problem 10. To use derived categories based techniques to investigate the moduli space of
surface with p
g
= q = 2.
Concerning the problem of classication of varieties of maximal Albanese dimension, it is
worth to recall a recent paper by ChenDebarreJiang ([CDJ]) in which the authors investigate,
by the means of generic vanishing techinques, the classication of varieties of general type,
maximal Albanese dimension and Euler characteristic 1. As well as for what happens for varieties
with = 1, there are very few known examples of such varieties. In fact, in rst instance, it
was conjectured that they might not even exist. However in [EL], the authors came out with
this one example.
Example 10 (EinLazarsfeld 3-fold). Let C
i
, for i = 1, 2, 3, be a bielliptic curve and let
i
the
corresponding elliptic involution. Denote by V the product C
1
C
2
C
3
and let be a the
diagonal involution. A resolution of the singularities X of the quotient V/ < > is of general
type, has a generically nite Albanese map, and (X, K
X
) = 0.
This example can be easily extended in higher dimension. In [CH4] another example is
provided; however it is always constructed as a desingularisation of an quotient of a products of
curves. In addition, it admits an etale cover isomorphic to a EinLazarfeld 3-fold.
In their work ChenDebarreJiang show that in dimension 3 that
EinLazarsfeld 3-folds are, essentially, the only possible examples:
A smooth projective threefold X of maximal Albanese dimension and of general
type satises (X, K
X
) = 0 if and only if it has an abelian etale cover which is
an Ein-Lazarsfeld threefold.
RESEARCH STATEMENT 7
They, also, conjecture that a similar result should also been true in any dimension. Thus one
is lead to the following:
Problem 11. Use generic vanishing theorem techinques together with integral transforms in
order to investigate ChenDebarreJiang conjecture.
Pluricanonical maps of Irregular Varieties. The idea to study pluricanonical maps of
maximal Albanese dimensional varieties (i.e. varieties that admit a generically nite ma to an
abelian variety) falls back to ChenHacon ([CH1, CH2, CH5]). In [JLT2], together with Z. Jiang
and M. Lahoz, we considered the problem of nding, given a smooth complex projective variety
X of maximal Albanese dimension, a bound m
0
such that, for any m m
0
, the rational map
induced by the m-canonical linear system [mK
X
[ is birational equivalent to the Iitaka bration
of X.
In its most generality, without assumptions on the Albanese map, such problem has been
challenged by many authors (see for example [P1] or [J]), and, with the exception of varieties of
general type, covered by [HM, T], the existence of such bounds has not yet been ascertained.
The great advantage of considering irregular varieties is the possibility to construct the generic
vanishing loci (cfr. (1)). In fact we were able to give an eective sharp bound, independent of
the dimension, to the birational equivalence of the m-canonical map and the Iitaka bration of
X:
Theorem 11. Let X a smooth complex projective variety of maximal Albanese dimension. Then:
(1) the rational map induced by [mK
X
[ is birationally equivalent to the Iitaka bration for
every m 4;
(2) if furthermore X is of general type, then the m-canonical map is birational for every
m 3.
Despite the sharpness of the result, this line of research still presents some very interesting
problems. For example, in [Z], with techniques similar to the ones employed by JiangLahoz
Tirabassi and the use of test ideals (the positive characteristic analogues of multiplier ideals)
the author was able to prove that the m-canonical map of a smooth variety of general type
over an algebraic closed eld of positive characteristic, is birational for every m 4. On the
other side Jiang-Sun ([JS]) studied the m-canonical map for varieties of general type such that
dimalb
X
(X) = dimX 1, and they were able to give a bound (equal to 4) independent from
the dimension. It is not yet clear if the bounds presented in these two works are sharp. This
leads us to the formulation of the following questions.
Problem 12. Given X smooth complex projective variety with
dimalb
X
(X) = dimX 1.
Is it possible to nd an eective sharp bound m
0
such that the m-canonical map of X is birational
equivalent to the Iitaka bration of X for any m m
0
?
Problem 13. Given X smooth projective variety of general type over an algebraically closed
eld k with dimalb
X
(X) = dimX 1. Is it possible to nd an eective sharp bound m
0
such
that the m-canonical map of X is birational for any m m
0
?
8 SOFIA TIRABASSI
It is important to remark that, when studying the m-canonical map of varieties over elds of
positive characteristic, one must consider general type varieties only. In fact, the construction of
the Iitaka bration relays on the existence of a resolution of the singularities that, unfortunately,
does not always exist in positive characteristic.
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RESEARCH STATEMENT 9
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