ELEMENTS OF POETRY

Rhythm: This is the music made by the statements of the poem, which includes the syllables in
the lines. The best method of understanding this is to read the poem aloud, and understand the
stressed and unstressed syllables.
Meter: This is the basic structural make-up of the poem. Do the syllables match with each
other? Every line in the poem must adhere to this structure. A poem is made up of blocks of
lines, which convey a single strand of thought. Within those blocks, a structure of syllables
which follow the rhythm has to be included. This is the meter or the metrical form of poetry.
Stanza: Stanza in poetry is defined as a smaller unit or group of lines or a paragraph in a poem.
A particular stanza has a specific meter, rhyme scheme, etc. Based on the number of lines,
stanzas are named as couplet (2 lines), Tercet (3 lines), Quatrain (4 lines), Cinquain (5 lines),
Sestet (6 lines), Septet (7 lines), Octave (8 lines).
Rhyme: A poem may or may not have a rhyme. When you write poetry that has rhyme, it
means that the last words or sounds of the lines match with each other in some form. Rhyme is
basically similar sounding words like 'cat' and 'hat', 'close' and 'shows', 'house' and 'mouse', etc.
Free verse poetry, though, does not follow this system.
Rhyme Scheme: As a continuation of rhyme, the rhyme scheme is also one of the basic
elements of poetry. In simple words, it is defined as the pattern of rhyme. Either the last words
of the first and second lines rhyme with each other, or the first and the third, second and the
fourth and so on. It is denoted by alphabets like aabb (1st line rhyming with 2nd, 3rd with 4th);
abab (1st with 3rd, 2nd with 4th); abba (1st with 4th, 2nd with 3rd), etc.
Theme: This is what the poem is all about. The theme of the poem is the central idea that the
poet wants to convey. It can be a story, or a thought, or a description of something or
someone; anything that the poem is about
Symbolism: Often poems will convey ideas and thoughts using symbols. A symbol can stand for
many things at one time and leads the reader out of a systematic and structured method of
looking at things. Often a symbol used in the poem will be used to create such an effect.
Imagery: Imagery is also one of the important elements of a poem. This device is used by the
poet for readers to create an image in their imagination. Imagery appeals to all the five senses.
For e.g., when the poet describes, 'the flower is bright red', an image of a red flower is
immediately created in the reader's mind.