IBO 2010 KOREA

PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
1

Student Code: ___________ Country Code: ___________




The 21
st
INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGY OLYMPIAD
11
th
18
th
July, 2010
Changwon, KOREA




PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
Total Points: 49
Duration: 90 minutes





IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Dear Participants,

In this test, you have been given the following 2 tasks:
Task I: The response of the rat cerebral cortex to skin stimulation (25 points)
Task II: Anatomy of spider (24 points)

Write down your results and answers in the Answer Sheet. Answers written in the Question
Paper will not be evaluated.

Please make sure that you have received all the materials listed for each task. If any of the listed
items is missing, please raise your hand.

If you have any problem with your computer, raise your hand.

Stop answering and put down your pencil immediately after the end bell rings. The supervisor will
collect the Question Paper and the Answer Sheet.


Note: All animals used in the pictures and the described experiments were treated according
to guidelines approved by the institutional animal care and use committee and
conformed to the NIH guidelines on care and use of animals in research.



IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY

This practical test is composed of 2 tasks.

TASK I. (25 points) The response of the rat cerebral cortex to skin stimulation

Welcome to the Electro-Physiology Laboratory!
Today you are going to examine one of the principles of how the brain works. This test is
composed of 4 parts: one background section on how electrophysiological experiments are
conducted and three experimental sections. You are required to answer a total of 15 questions by
analyzing data presented on screen.
The home-page photo of the notebook computer shows the tools and equipment used in an
electrophysiology laboratory.
Press

above the photo
The primary somatosensory (S1) cortex receives tactile information from a specific body
surface region. These specialized receptive areas in the human brain is shown in Figure 1. A
similar body representation within the rat S1 (Fig. 2) will be created from these experiments.

Press

or

IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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1. Background information
1.1 Skull immobilization with brain exposure
The stereotaxic device is used to immobilize the skull (Fig. 3). The incisor bar is adjusted to
make the skull surface horizontal (Fig. 4). Following a scalp incision, a hole is drilled in the skull
over the location of S1, and a recording electrode (a red, moving needle) is inserted into the brain
(Fig. 5). A micro-driver is used to move the electrode downward (25 m/step) from the surface
into the brain (Fig. 6).
Press

or

1.2 S1 neuronal response following skin stimulation
The rat skin can be stimulated either mechanically with a cotton probe or electrically with an
electrode. Following the electrical stimulation of forepaw digit (Fig. 7; a white, moving arrow),
S1 neuronal activity is recorded using an electrode (Fig. 7; a red, moving needle). Using an
oscilloscope (Fig. 8), S1 neuronal activity can be visualized (Fig. 9).
Press

or

1.3 Response histogram
When an S1 neuron is responsive to the stimulation of a body part, the body part is within the
receptive field (RF) of the neuron; a neuron does not show any response to the stimulation of
body parts outside of its specified RF.
Using the amplifier (Fig. 10) and the analyzer (Fig. 11), activities of many S1 neurons
surrounding the electrode can be recorded (Fig. 12; left panel). Subsequently, single neuronal
activities can be isolated (Fig. 12; spikes on the right panel). To quantify the S1 neuronal
responses, the stimulation of the body part is repeated within a certain period of time, and the
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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action potentials are accumulated to produce a histogram (Fig. 13). In the histogram, the X-axis
stands for time (ms) before (-), the exact moment of (0), and after (+) stimulation. The Y-axis
represents the mean firing rate (Hz) within the recorded neuron.
Press

or

2. S1 neuronal response to forepaw digit stimulation
2.1. Forepaw digit region in S1
For the location of recording electrode, x-y coordinates are drawn over the skull (Fig. 14). The
point where three bones meet (the bregma) is the origin (0, 0) of the coordinate system. Previous
investigations reported that the point (0.3, 4.3) (Fig. 15) is one of the responding spots for
stimulation of the 2
nd
forepaw digit (Fig. 16).
Press

or

2.2. Mechanical stimulation
To find the general boundaries of the S1 region responding to stimulation of a specific skin
area, it is better to perform mechanical stimulation prior to electrical stimulation. A recording
electrode is positioned above the coordinate (0.3, 4.3) and is lowered stepwise at 25 m/step
(Fig. 17; a red, moving needle). The responses to mechanical stimulation of the 2
nd
forepaw digit
are given in Table 2.2
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Table 2.2
Fig. Depth
(number of steps)
Area of
skin stimulation
S1 response to
skin stimulation
S1 Response to
joint movement
18 0-30 Broad Weak no
19 31-48 Tip Strong no
20 49-60 Broad Weak strong

Press

or

2.3 Electrical stimulation
A stimulating electrode is inserted into the 2
nd
forepaw digit, whereas the recording electrode is
inserted into the S1. The measured distance from the stimulating electrode to the recording one is
12 cm. The response of the S1 neuron to weak and strong stimuli is shown in Table 2.3. and
Figures 21 and 22. (Note the pop-up histogram at the bottom in both actions.).
Table 2.3
Action Stimulus to 2
nd
forepaw digit

Response of S1 neuron
Cursor on 21 Weak (0.1 mA) No conspicuous spike
Cursor on 22 Strong (2 mA) One conspicuous spike



IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q1. (1 point) Based on the results of mechanical and electrical stimulation, which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The strongest response to mechanical stimulation is observed in neurons at 0.5-
0.75 mm deep from the surface.
B. Neurons at a depth of 0.775-1.2 mm respond to the smallest skin area.
C. Neurons at a depth of 0.775-1.5 mm respond only to skin touch.
D. The thickness of the S1 cortex is less than 1mm.
E. The firing rate (Hz) of S1 neurons has no correlation with stimulus intensity.

Q2. (1 point) Calculate the minimum (p) and maximum (q) velocities (unit: m/sec) of
information transmission from the digit to the S1.
Q3. (1 point) During the period of 6-15 ms after stimulation, what is the net increase in the mean
value ( ) of firing rate (Hz) evoked by strong (2 mA) stimulation?

2.4. Response to a gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) antagonist
GABA is a neurotransmitter in the brain. The response of the S1 neuron to weak and strong
stimuli following the topical application of a GABA antagonist (i.e., inhibitor of GABA action)
to the S1 cortex is shown in Table 2.4 and Figures 23 and 24. (Note the pop-up histogram at the
bottom in both cases.).
Table 2.4
Action Stimulus to 2
nd
forepaw Response of S1 neuron
Cursor on 23 Weak (0.1 mA) No conspicuous spike
Cursor on 24 Strong (2 mA) Two conspicuous spikes
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q4. (2 points) Based on the results of before and after the antagonist application, which of the
following statements is correct?
A. The net increase in the mean firing rate (Hz) of the first peak in histogram 24 is about
2.14 times of that of the peak in histogram 22.
B. After the antagonist application, the mean firing rates (Hz) always increase regardless of
stimulation intensity.
C. The GABA antagonist inhibits excitatory synaptic activity in the S1.
D. Based on histogram 24, a net increase in the mean firing rate (Hz) for the first peak is 4.5
times of the one for the second peak.
E. The second peak in histogram 24 is not associated with S1 processing of the cutaneous
input from the digit.
Press

or

3. S1 neuronal response to hindpaw digit stimulation
3.1 Electrical stimulation
Previous investigations reported that the point (-1.0, 2.5) is one of the responding spots for
hindpaw digit stimulation (Fig. 25).
A recording electrode is lowered stepwise (25 m/step) downward from the brain surface.
Responses of neurons at three locations (a=25 steps, b=41 steps, c=52 steps) along the vertical
track are recorded (Fig. 26).
Following strong (2mA) electrical stimulation of the 2
nd
, 3
rd
, and 4
th
hindpaw digits (Fig. 27),
responses of the three neurons at a, b, and c are recorded (Fig. 29).
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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3.2 Response to local anesthesia
A local anesthetic drug applied to the 3
rd
hindpaw digit (Fig. 28, grey color) causes a sensory
loss within 2 minutes, and the effect lasts for 30 minutes. Afterward, recovery of sensation
gradually occurs. The drug effect completely disappears by 60 minutes post-application. When
strong (2 mA) electrical stimulation is applied to the digit 40 minutes after drug application, the
response of the three neurons is changed (Fig. 30).

Q5. (1 point) Based on neural response before anesthesia (Fig. 29), choose the correct statement.
Case Neurons Stronger or longer response Weaker or shorter response
A Locations a, b and c 2
nd
digit 3
rd
digit
B Locations a, b and c 4
th
digit 3
rd
digit
C Location b 4
th
digit 2
nd
digit
D During 3
rd
digit stimulation, neurons at locations a and c have longer response
durations than neuron at location b.
E Location a 4
th
digit Other digits

Q6. (1 point) Based on neural response before anesthesia (Fig. 29), choose the correct statement.
A. All three neurons respond to 4
th
digit stimulation.
B. A single S1 neuron responds to the stimulation of only one digit.
C. Neurons at location a respond to the stimulation of more of the hindpaw digits than
neurons at location b.
D. Neurons at location c respond to the stimulation of more of the hindpaw digits than
neurons at location b.
E. All three neurons receive convergent sensory information from two or more digits.
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Q7. (1 point) Based on the responses shown by the neurons in all three locations in Figs. 29 and
30, choose the incorrect statement.
Case Location of stimulation Timing of response Magnitude of response
A 2
nd
digit 40 min after drug application Increased
B 3
rd
digit 40 min after drug application Decreased
C 4
th
digit 40 min after drug application Increased
D 2
nd
and 4
th
digits Before and after drug
application
Greater in 4
th
than in 2
nd

digit
E A neuron not responding to a certain stimulus may respond to it under certain
conditions

Q8. (2 points) Based on the response after anesthesia (Fig. 30), select an appropriate inference.
A. The drug is absorbed into the blood and is transferred to the S1.
B. The drug has changed the structure of peripheral nerve branches.
C. Neuronal response is not altered after local anesthesia.
D. The drug causes reversible, temporary changes in S1 neuronal synapses.
E. The change in response after anesthesia is due to newly-synthesized proteins within the
S1.

Press

or


IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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4. S1 body map
4.1 Normal S1 map
Following repeated stimulation/recording procedures, the normal S1 body map (Fig.
31) is obtained (Note: the electrode is moved along the x or y axis by the distance of 0.5
mm). If the computer cursor is laid on each symbol (, , , ), the abbreviation for
appropriate body surface is shown as a note and, at the same time, the equivalent body
position will be depicted
at the bottom. The
following table provides
the anatomical term for
each abbreviation used
in the figure.

Abbreviations

forelimb
fl forelimb
fp forepaw
fpd 1-5 forepaw digits 1-5
fm forelimb muscle
hindlimb
hl hindlimb
hp hindpaw
hpd 1-5 hindpaw digits 1-5
hm hindlimb muscle
trunk t trunk
vibrissa
mv mystacial vibrissa
rv rostral vibrissa
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
_________________________________________________________________________________
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Q9. (5 points = 0.5 10) Find the following points (n=10) from Fig. 31 and fill in the
blanks with
abbreviations (i.e., notes within the boxes of the screen) for body surfaces.
Q10. (1point) Based on the answers to Q9, which of the following statements is correct?
A. The fpd4 region is medial to the fpd2 region.
B. The hpd2 region is medial to the hpd4 region.
C. The fl region is rostral to the hp region.
D. The fl region is caudal to the t region.
E. The mvB2 region is lateral to the mvA3 region.
Q11. (1 point) Based on the normal S1 map, what can you conclude about the following areas?
Case Smaller area Larger area
A Forelimb (fl + fp + fpd + fm) Hindlimb (hl + hp + hpd + hm)
B Forelimb (fl + fp + fpd + fm) Trunk (t)
C Hindlimb (hl + hp + hpd + hm) Trunk (t)
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q12. (1 point = 0.5 2) In the hindlimb region, S1 neurons receiving sensory information overlap
with the motor neurons that cause muscle contraction. Find a coordinate (unit: mm) which
supports this observation.
Press

or

4.2 Change in S1 body map after digit amputation
By reducing the distance between checkpoints (Note: the electrode is moved along the x or y
axis by the distance of 0.2 mm), a more precise map for the hindpaw region is obtained (Fig. 32).
Surgery is performed to remove the 4
th
hindpaw digit. At 4 weeks after digit amputation, a new
body map is obtained (Fig. 33).

Q13. (4 points = 0.5 8) Put the cursor on the corresponding spots within Figs. 32 and 33, and
notice where the post-amputation response is different from the normal response. For the
locations where alterations occurred, fill in the appropriate table boxes with the
abbreviations (i.e., notes within the boxes of the screen) for the digit numbers (you will fill
in 4 boxes on each table, for a total of 8 boxes).

Normal hpd4 amputated
lateral

lateral
2.8 2.8
2.6 2.6
2.4 2.4
D Mystacial vibrissa (mv) Rostral vibrissa (rv)
E Forelimb (fl + fp + fpd + fm) Vibrissa (mv + rv)
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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2.2 2.2
(mm) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 (mm) 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2
caudal caudal
Q14. (1 point) What changes occurred in the S1 body map after digit amputation?
Case Activation of neurons by stimulation of Became responsive to
A hpd3 hpd2
B hpd3 hpd2 or hpd5
C hpd4 hpd2
D hpd4 hpd3 or hpd5
E hpd5 hpd2 or hpd3



4.3 Biochemical and histological changes after digit amputation
(1) Biochemical changes (Fig. 34)
Glutamate is a neurotransmitter. To explore the molecular basis of S1-body-map
reorganization following amputation, changes in the amount of glutamate- and GABA- receptors
in S1 tissue were tracked over an extended period of time. The amount of glutamate-receptors
(green curve) increased by 250% of control (dotted line) at 1 week after the 4
th
hindpaw digit
amputation; whereas, the amount of GABA-receptors (blue curve) rose to 180% of control at 4
weeks post-amputation.
(2) Histological changes (Fig. 35)
Press

or

IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Using transverse sections of S1 tissue, the location of glutamate- or GABA-receptors on the
neuronal surface can be visualized using antibodies against those receptors. Immunostaining of
the S1 cell surface (asterisks) shows that glutamate-receptors (a and c, arrows) increase at 1
week post-amputation, whereas GABA-receptors (b and d, arrows) rise at 4 weeks post-
amputation.

Q15. (2 points) Based on Figs. 33, 34, and 35, choose the incorrect statement.
A. An increase in neuronal excitability is observed at 1 week after amputation.
B. An increase in neuronal inhibition is observed 4 weeks after amputation.
C. In the normal state, the S1 body map is maintained by a balance between excitatory
sensory input and local inhibition within the cortex.
D. During 1-4 weeks after amputation, the balance between excitatory input and local
inhibition is always maintained.
E. Electrophysiological changes at 4 week after amputation are accompanied by biochemical
and histological changes in S1 tissue.

Hope youve got interested in Neuroscience.
Press

Lets dissect a spider and be a Spiderman!
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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TASK II. (24 points) Anatomy of spider

Caution: Handle carefully, because only one spider will be provided for each student.

Please note that the vials are labeled Venom gland, Silk gland, Heart, and Book lung in
English.

This task is composed of 2 parts.

Part I. (14 points) Exploration of the spider cephalothorax.

Q16. Both spiders and insects are members of phylum Arthropoda. In general, insects have two
kinds of eyes; compound eye and single eyes (ocelli). Examine the spider specimen
carefully under the microscope and answer the following questions.

Q16.1. (2 points) Record the types and total number of the spider's eyes.

Q16.2. (2 points) Generally, spiders eyes are arranged around its head in two distinct rows; i.e.
the anterior and posterior rows. Within each row, the inner pair of eyes are designated
as medial, while the outer pair is described as lateral (Table 1). Each eye is defined
using two anatomical terms: anterior vs. posterior and medial vs. lateral. Examine the
specimen and draw the relative position of eyes in the figure on the Answer Sheet.
Label the drawn eyes with specific codes given in Table 2.
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Table 1. Terms of anatomical position
Anterior situated near or toward the head
Posterior opposite of anterior
Medial toward the midline of the body
Lateral away from the midline

Table 2. Codes for spider eyes
Code Terminology of spider eyes
AME Anterior Medial Eye
ALE Anterior Lateral Eye
PME Posterior Medial Eye
PLE Posterior Lateral Eye


Q17. Spiders can be divided into two suborders based on the positions of the cheliceral fangs.
Using the forceps, examine the movement of the spider fangs under the dissecting
microscope. Then, answer the following questions.

Q17.1. (1 point) What is the striking direction of the fangs?
A from forwards to downwards
B from downwards to forwards
C from inside to outside
D from side to center
E from center to side
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q17.2. (1 point) The fang forms an articulation (or joint) with the chelicerae. What type of
joint is the articulation?
A Plane joint
B Pivot joint
C Hinge joint
D Saddle joint
E Ball-and-socket joint


Q18. (1 point) As arthropods, spiders have segmented bodies with jointed limbs. The head is
composed of several segments that fuse during development. Being chelicerates, their
bodies consist of two segments the cephalothorax and the abdomen (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Diagram of spider

Which of the following (1~4) correctly represents the segmental differentiation of the
cephalothorax in spiders compared to Trilobite, an ancient chelicerate?


IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Eye

Eye

Eye

Eye

Eye
A

A

A
L

C

P

C

P
L

P

C

P

C
L

L

L

L

L
L

L

L

L

L
L

L

L

L

L
L

L

L

L

L
Body

Body

Body

Body

Body


Trilobite

1

2

3

4

<Abbreviations>
A: Antenna, C: Chelicera, L: Leg, P: Pedipalp

Caution: From now on, you will dissect the internal organs (venom glands, silk gland, heart, and
book lung) of the spider. Using the Ringers solution provided, you need to keep the
dissected organs from drying. You will be scored based on the correctness and the
intactness of the preparation. Points will be deducted when there is a failure to remove
the correct organ.
Q19. Most spiders possess venom that is injected into prey through the fangs of the chelicerae.
Spiders have a pair of venom glands that lie either in the chelicerae or in front of the
cephalothorax (see the diagram of spider in Figure 1). The venom gland consists of an
outermost muscle layer, an underlying secretion layer and a duct. Locate the venom glands
of the spider provided.
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q19.1. (2 points) Dissect out the pair of venom glands from the spider and put it in the vial
labeled Venom gland after the following examination. It is not required to separate the
venom glands from the chelicerae.

Q19.2 (1 point) Examine the outermost muscle layer of the venom gland under the microscope.
What is the direction of the muscular orientation?
A Longitudinal direction
B Circular direction
C Spiral direction
D Bilateral direction
E Irregular direction


Q20. (2 points) In most spiders, each leg has several segments and the tip of the last segment has
claws. Remove the 1
st
and 2
nd
legs from the spider body. Using the microscope, count the
number of segments and claws on each leg.

Q21. Many spider species exhibit sexual dimorphism. In sexually mature male spiders, the final
segment of the pedipalp develops into a complicated structure that is used to transfer sperm
to the female during mating. This apparatus makes the male palp so enlarged that it is often
described as resembling a boxing glove.
Q21.1. (1 point) Examine the external morphology of the spider specimen provided and
identify the sex of the spider.

IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q21.2. (1 point) Pedipalps of spiders also have segmentation like the legs. Using the
microscope, count the number of the segments and claws in each pedipalp.


Part II. (10 points) Exploration of the spider abdomen.

Q22. (1 point) The abdomen and cephalothorax of a spider are connected by a thin waist called
the pedicel, which allows the abdomen to move in all directions (see the diagram of spider
in Figure 1).
Which of the following organ systems does not pass through the pedicel?
A Nervous system
B Respiratory system
C Circulatory system
D Digestive system
E Integumentary system


Q23. The silk-spinning apparatus of the spider is located at the posterior end of the ventral
abdomen. This apparatus is composed of three pairs of spinnerets. Generally, the spinnerets
are arranged in two distinct rows; anterior and posterior. Anatomically, the inner pair of
spinnerets is defined as medial, and the outer pair is lateral (Table 3). Accordingly, the
position of a spinneret is defined using these two positional terms.

IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q23.1. (1 point) Compare the external morphology of the spinnerets with the following
diagram. Label each spinneret in the answer sheet using the codes given in Table 3.

Table 3. Spider spinnerets
Code Position of spinneret
A Anterior
AM Anterior medial
AL Anterior lateral
P Posterior
PM Posterior medial
PL Posterior lateral


Q23.2. (1 point) Identify the structure posterior to the spinneret under the microscope .


A Anus
B Spermatheca
C Spiracle
D Copulatory organ
E Spinneret
IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q24. Spiders produce various kinds of silk fibers from the silk glands. There are seven gland
types in the specimen provided, each producing a different type of silk (Table 4).

Table 4. Silk glands of the spider
Code of silk gland Number of pairs Connection to spinneret
A Numerous Middle & posterior
B 2 Posterior
C 1 Posterior
D 1 Anterior
E 1 Middle
F Numerous Anterior
G 3 Middle (1) & posterior (2)

Q24.1. (1 point) Dragline silk is produced by the largest silk glands of this spider (Figure 2).
Use the codes in Table 4 to locate the largest silk gland.


Figure 2. The silk gland which produces dragline silk

IBO 2010 KOREA
PRACTICAL TEST 2
PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY
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Q24.2. (2 points) Dissect one complete silk gland which produces dragline silk from this
spider. After dissecting the silk gland, place the organ in the vial labeled Silk gland.

Q25. (2 points) With reference to Figure 1, dissect the heart tube from the abdomen and place it
in the vial labeled Heart.

Q26. (2 points) With reference to Figure 1, locate and dissect one complete book lung. Place the
organ in the vial labeled Book lung.






PRACTICAL TEST 2
Answer Key

PHYSIOLOGY AND ANATOMY

Total Points: 49
Duration: 90 minutes











1


TASK I. (25 points)

Q1. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q2. (1 point = 0.5 x 2)
p 8
q 20

Q3. (1 point)
40 Hz

Q4. (2 points)
A B C D E


Q5. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q6. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q7. (1 point)
A B C D E
2


Q8. (2 points)
A B C D E


Q9. (5 points = 0.5 x 10)


Q10. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q11. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q12. (1 point = 0.5 x 2)
x 0
3

y 2.5


4

Q13. (4 points = 0.5 x 8)



Q14. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q15. (2 points)
A B C D E



TASK II. (24 points)

Part I. (14 points)

Q16.1. (2 points = 1 2)
Type of eye Total number of eye
Compound eye 0
Ocellus 8

5

Q16.2. (2 points)

Frontal view of the head.

1. 1 point will be given if you draw 4 pairs of eyes at proper position.
1 point to the 4 correct codes (1 point = 0.25 4).
2. 1 point will be given if you draw 4 pairs of eyes at proper position without correct codes or
with incorrect codes.
3. 0 point will be given if you draw incorrect number of eyes.

Q17.1. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q17.2. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q18. (1 point)

6



Q19.1. (2 points)

(Place the organ in the provided vial, labeled Venom gland in English)
1. 2 points will be given if you dissect out a pair of venom glands with or without chelicerae.
2. 1 point will be given if you dissect out the chelicerae with one venom gland.
3. 0 point will be given if you dissect incorrect organ.

Q19.2. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q20. (2 points = 0.5 4)
1
st
leg 2
nd
leg
Number of segments 7 7
Number of claws 3 3

Q21.1. (1 point)
Sex of the spider provided
Male Female


Q21.2. (1 point = 0.5 2)
Number of the segments 6
7

Number of claws 1



Part II. (10 points)

Q22. (1 point)
A B C D E


Q23.1. (1 point = 0.5 2)


Q23.2. (1 point)
A B C D E


A
PL
8

Q24.1. (1 point)
Code of silk
gland
D

Q24.2. (2 points)


(Place the organ in the provided vial, labeled Silk gland in English.)
1. 2 points will be given if you dissect proper silk gland with both regions of ampulla and tail.
2. 1 point will be given if you dissect proper silk gland with ampulla region only.
3. 0 point will be given if you dissect incorrect silk gland.

Q25. (2 points)

(Place the organ in the provided vial, labeled Heart in English.)

Q26. (2 points)

(Place the organ in the provided vial, labeled Book lung in English.)