g4 Inta Workshop For Spanish Rpas Community

Workshop for Spanish
Cummunity of RPAS
AESA-Madrid
January 28-30th 2014
Eduardo SANCHIZ GARROTE
Dr. Aeronautical Engineer
Head of UAS Certification Programme
INTA
MINISTERIO
DE DEFENSA
SECRETARIA
DE ESTADO
APPLICABLE MILITARY
AIRWORTHINESS CODES IN
SPAIN
MilitaryCertificationof UAS/RPAS in Spain| Pgina 2
Dpto. Aeronaves y Armamento
CONTENS
i - INTRODUCTION
ii - STANAG 4671
iii - STANAG 4703
iv- STANAG 4702
v STANAG 4746
vi CURRENT PROGRAMME
vii - CONCLUSIONS
I - INTRODUTION (1)
In the 90s and within the NATO
environment, the countries with long expertise and
tradition on activities related to the Airworthiness of
manned Aircraft (i.e. USA, UK, FR, GE, etc) were
very aware that some kind of Rules have to be
established to guaranty the airworthiness of UAS
(then called RPV) because it have been be
envisaged and predicted, even during the previous
decade (80s), that an increasing usage of these
systems by their military forced will arise very soon.
I - INTRODUTION (2)
In this context, in 2005, finally NATO took the
initiative of creating a Group of Authorities, called
FINAS (i.e. Flight In Non Segregated Airspace)
with the mission of different Working Groups and
and instruct them to elaborate different
Airworthiness Codes to completely cover the wide
field of application of existing UAS at that time
(Fixed and Rotary Wing, Heavy and Light masses,
etc)
I - INTRODUTION (3)
Once the different WGs were established
and started to work, everybody agreed that the
quickest and more efficient way to proceed was
using the existing Codes applicable to manned
aircraft as starting points and modifying and
adapting them in order to consolidated new
STANAG Codes for Military Usages of UAS.
Nowadays, there are FOUR different
STANAGs are being developed with different
degree of maturity each one.
I - INTRODUTION (4)
They are,
I - INTRODUTION (and 5)
In addition to these Codes, the general
Certification Policy is in agreement with the
REGLAMENTO DE AERONAVEGABILIDAD
DE LA DEFENSA (RAD)de 2004 (RD
2218/2004 de 26 de Noviembre, BOE n 286)
which is the legal frame (Airworthiness
Regulations) that applies to all aerial platform
of the SP-MoD.
STANAG 4671
UAV Systems Airworthiness Requirements
(USAR) for North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) Military UAV Systems
II STANAG 4671 (1)
II - STANAG 4671 (2)
The genesis of this Code was promoted by the
NATO-FINAS Group and, since the beginning it was called
USAR (UAV Systems Airworthiness Requirements).
The works stated in 2006 chaired by DGA-France.
Obviously, the stating principle was to guaranty the
same safety standards as require for Part 23 aircraft and
considering the coordination tasks to be done with the
different national Airworthiness Authorities the initial
discussions were based in the CS-23 NORMAL,
UTILITY, ACROBATIC AND COMMUTER CATEGORY
Code and not the equivalent FAR-23.
According to the CS Philosophy, the Code has TWO books:
BOOK 1: containing the Air worthiness Code itself, with the same
index (subparts and appendices) as CS-23 but adding
TWO new Subparts:
Subpart H: For the Datalink requirements
Subpart I: For the Ground Control Station requirements (UCS)
BOOK 2: containing the Acceptable Means of Compliance (AMC)
for harmonizing criteria.
II STANAG 4671 (3)
Even the CS-23 Code is applicable to fixed wing
aircraft with a MTOW (Maximum Take-Off Weight) up
to 5670 Kg (12,500 Lbs) WITHOUT specifying a
minimum weight; the STANAG 4671 has a lower
application limit of 150 Kg (Legal European restriction)
while the maximum limit was extended for UAS with a
MTOW up to 20 Tons.
II STANAG 4671 (4)
II STANAG 4671 (5)
There are 399 Requirements in comparisson with the 368 of CS-23,
therefore, it is little more complicated and with higher workload dealing
with STANAG 4671 rather than CS-23
Contenidos
UCS
UAVs
Containers
GDT
Catapult
SISTEM SIVA
II STANAG 4671 (6)
II STANAG 4671 (and 7)
The Edition 1 was consolidated in August
2009 and it was put in the process of ratification by
the NATO Nations.
In Spain it was declared OFFICIALY
applicable in J uly 2011.
There are also TWO editions more in course:
Edition 2 , NON ratificable
Edition 3 , nowadays being discussed (draft)
III STANAG 4703 (1)
STANAG 4703
III STANAG 4703 (2)
This Code deals not only with the Airworthiness
Requirements for light fixed wing UAS (with MTOW
150 Kg), but also with Operation and Organization
Requirements, for which, Minimum expertise and
management capabilities are mandatory.
This expanded content is based on the easy
access of many Companies to designing and
manufacturing these systems (due to aparent
simplicity and affordability) which do not capability of
DOAs and therefore, are not able to support the
system during its full operative life.
III STANAG 4703 (3)
Basically:
It is relatively simple to design and manufacture
a small UAV
III STANAG 4703 (4)
But,
An OPERATIVE UAS needs an ORGANIZATION
behind (i.e. Means and Personnel) to support the
product and guaranty its Airworthiness during the
whole life of it.
That is; CONTINUOUS AIRWORTHINESS
activities, such as,
ISSUING OF SERVICE BULLETINS
A/W DIRECTIVES Application
MAINTENANCE Manuals
RE-DESIGN ; etc
III STANAG 4703 (5)
The STANAG 4703; called USAR-Light
does not follow the structure of any CS Codebut
is based from scratch on the ESSENTIAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVIL AVIATION
AIRWORTHINESSincluded in Annex I to the
European regulation (EC) n 216/2008 of the
European Parliament and Council of Feb. 20 th
2008
III STANAG 4703 (6)
The Code has THREE Parts as follows:
1. System Integrity which contains the A/W
technical requirements.
2. System OPERATION Requirements
3. ORGANIZATION Requirements (SMS, etc).
III STANAG 4703 (7)
The STANAG 4703 requires
compliance with 69 Requirements, in
addition to 8 Appendices to complete the
Certification. of a new design.
If the applicant wants a Type Certificate
for the Design, it must qualify its
Organization as DOA and POA (ROD in
SPAIN) as well.
III STANAG 4703 (8)
The EIGHT Appendices are:
1. Landing Conditions
2. Reciprocating Engines
3. Electric Engines
4. Propellers
5. Hazard Reference System
6. Stability Response
7. Safety Management Plan
8. UAS with an UAV of lower kinetic energy
than 66 J (49 Lb x ft) Certification Guidelines
APPENDICE 8
UAS with an UAV with less than 66 J
Contents:
1. Design Usage Spectrum
2. General Requirements
3. Structures and Materials
4. Propulsion System
5. Systems and Equipment
6. Continuous Airworthiness
III STANAG 4703 (9)
E
c
= 66 J = cte
MTOW (Kg) Max. Speed (m/s)
0.001 234.47
0.01 74.15
0.1 23,45
1 11,49
5 3,31
50 1,05
100 0.74
The real posibility of
this limit leads to a
very small UAS.
III STANAG 4703 (and 10)
RW-UAS
IV STANAG 4702 (1)
STANAG 4702 (for MTOW > 150 Kg)
STANAG 4746 (for MTOW 150 Kg)
IV STANAG 4702 (2)
Coherently with it was made for heavy Fixed
Wing UAS with the CS-23, as we applied the
same principles for heavy RW-UAS, that is, we
used CS-27 as main reference for the STANAG
4702.
(i.e. same Code structure, same paragraphs,
TWO books, etc. )
IV STANAG 4702 (3)
Nowadays the workloads required by the
STANAG 4702 (i.e. 297 requirements) is higher
than that required by CS-VLR (208) and even
the CS-27 (252)
IV STANAG 4702 (and 4)
V STANAG 4746 (1)
Currently, within NATO-FINAS environment
we are preparing a new Code for Light Rotary
Wing UAS Airworthiness Requirements.
Coherently with Light Fixed Wing UAS we
are applying the same principles that the
STANAG 4703, that is, the ESSENTIAL
REQUIREMENTS FOR CIVIL AVIATION
AIRWORTHINESS of the European Parliament
and Council.
V STANAG 4746 (and 2)
Similarly as the STANAG 4703 it
contents 69 Requirements to comply,
which have to be demonstrated with 69
MOCs and 10 Appendices to be checked.
VI SPANISH PROGRAMME (1)
CURRENT UAS CERTIFICATION PROGRAMME AT INTA
32
IAI/MALAT-INDRA PASI (Searcher III)
Ministro ALONSO (19-Feb-2.008)
33
(HERAT-Afganistn, 17-oct-2010))
34
(Afghanistan July 2012)
35
ATLANTE
(First Flight in ROZAS (Lugo) Feb. 28 2012)
36
INDRA PROGRAMME
MANTIS
PELICANO
ALO
1 UCS
1 Catapult
SIVA
FIRE DETECTIOIN IN FOREST
SIVA
Military Operation with Spanish ARMY
> 250 flights
MILANO
MALE
MILANO
VI SPANISH PROGRAMME ( and 9)
FIRST PROTOTYPE
(in construction)
WING STATIC TEST
(according to STANAG 4671 point 641)
Dpto. Aeronaves y Armamento VII - CONCLUSIONS (1)
In Spain the Certification activities of UAS is ruled
by:
Same philosophy as established for Manned Aircraft
of RAD (Defense Airworthiness Regulations)
Full agreement with NATO Countries in applying
STANAG Codes
For Very Small UAS (Micros) the main concern is
more on the Qualification side rather than in
Certification.
VII - CONCLUSIONS (and 2)
BUT , in any case is fundamental to
consider that
FINAL CONCLUSION
Military UAS MUST be certified, independently of their
size and MTOW, according to AVAILABLE STANAG
CODES !!
Northrop-Grumman X-47B, MTOW = 14,000 Lb
Unviversity of Harvard ROBOFLY
(2b = 3 cm) MTOW =0.06 grs
THANK FOR YOUR ATENTION !
THE END

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