The construction and operation of the amplidyne generator can best be understood by following through the steps necessary to convert an ordinary direct current generator into an amplidyne generator.
The construction and operation of the amplidyne generator can best be understood by following through the steps necessary to convert an ordinary direct current generator into an amplidyne generator.
The construction and operation of the amplidyne generator can best be understood by following through the steps necessary to convert an ordinary direct current generator into an amplidyne generator.
Chapter 10 - A!O"A!#C CON!$O% &'#P"&N! pa() *++-*+5 http://eugeneleeslover.com/ENGINEERING/Naval_Ordnance_V1.html Amplidyne generator !he construction and operation o" the amplidyne generator can #est #e understood #y "ollo$ing through the steps necessar y to convert an ordinary direct current generator into an amplidyne generator. %hen a coil o" $ire is rotated in a magnetic "ield& voltage are induced in the coil& and& i" the ends o" the coil are connected together& these voltages cause electric currents to "lo$ in the coil. !his is the #asic principle o" a generator. !he principal parts o" a generator are the stator& or stationary part& and the armature& or rotating part. In a common "orm o" generator& a coil o" $ire is $ound on a part o" the stator and is supplied $ith a small e'citing current $hich magneti(es the iron in the stator and armature to provide the necessary magnetic "ields. !he armature carries other coils $hich are rotated in the magnetic "ield as the armature is turned. As a result& voltages are induced in the armature coils. !he ends o" the armature coils in a )* generator are connected to copper #ars on a commutator $hich rotates $ith the armature. !he voltages induced in the coils are ta+en o"" #y stationary car#on #rushes engaging the commutator as it turns. I" the #rushes are connected together throu.gh an e'ternal circuit& current $ill "lo$ in the circuit and through the armature coils. !he connections to the commutators are such that the ma'imum voltage appears across t$o points on opposite sides o" the commutator. !he positions o" these points depend on the direction o" the magnetic "ield and do not change as the commutator rotates. !he #rushes are located at or near these points to ta+e advantage o" the ma'imum voltage. 1 ,igure l. - )evelopment o" amplidyne generator. In "igure 1& the upper vie$ represents an ordinary direct-current generator such as the one .ust descri#ed. !he inner circle is the commutator& $ith #rushes at top and #ottom. !he ne' t circle 2 represents the armature& and the outer structure is the stator $ith a coil carrying the e'citing current $ound on its pole piece. Other conditions #eing e/ual& the po$er output o" the generator $ill #e proportional to the po$er input to the e'citation $inding& $ithin the limits o" normal operation. !his generator is assumed to #e a l0 +$ machine 110&000 $atts output2& and the e'citation re/uired is a#out 100 $atts. !he ampli"ication& there"ore& is 100 to 1. !he e'citation current produces a magnetic "ield $hose direction is indicated #y the arro$ ,e. It is this magnetic "ield $hich induces the 100 volts $hich appears across the #rushes. At the same time& the 100 amp load current "lo$ing in the armature coils creates another magnetic "ield ,3 at right angles to ,e. It has a#out the same strength as the "ield ,e. !his second magnetic "ield& called armature reaction& does no use"ul $or+ in the ordinary generator and is& in "act& a source o" trou#le. I" no$ the #rushes are short-circuited& as sho$n 4n the second vie$& an immense armature current $ill "lo$ unless the e'citation is reduced. I" the e'citation is cut do$n to a#out 1 $att& ,* is reduced accordingly& and the normal "ull-load current o" 100 amperes "lo$s through the short-circuit path. !his current produces the same armature reaction ,3 as #e"ore. !he armature reaction ,3 induces a voltage in the armature in the same manner as "lu' ,* #ut this voltage appears on the commutator at 50 degrees "rom the voltage induced #y ,*. A voltmeter connected to points on the commutator..is sho$n in the second vie$& $ill indicate appro'imately "ull- load voltage. In the ne't vie$& ne$ #rushes have #een added to points 50 degrees "rom the original #rushes& and the original load o" 1 ohm has #een connected #et$een them. !he high voltage "ormerly e'isting #et$een these points has almost disappeared. !he reason "or this is that current "lo$ing in the armature coils #et$een these #rushes has created a second armature reaction ,A $hich opposes the e'citing "ield ,* and reduces its e""ect. !he decrease in the e""ect o" ,* reduces ,3 and conse/uently reduces the voltage across the ne$ #rushes. !he lo$er vie$ sho$s the last modi"ication necessary to produce an amplidyne generator. !he armature current "rom the ne$ #rushes has #een ta+en through a compensating "ield $inding and creates a magnetic "ield ,6 opposed to ,A. !his "ield may #e ad.usted to #alance out ,A and thus restore the "ull e""ect o" the e'citing "ield ,*. ,3 is restored to normal& and "ull-load current may #e dra$n "rom the ne$ #rushes. 3ince #oth ,A and ,6 depend on armature current& they $ill al$ays #e appro'imately #alanced and the output voltage is nearly independent o" the armature current. ,ull-load output has #een o#tained $ith only I-$att e'citation instead o" 100. !he ampli"ication is 10&000 to 1 instead o" 100 to l. Other re"inements are necessary to produce the "ast& sta#le operation necessary in a "ollo$-up system& #ut the machine sho$n in the lo$er vie$ o" "igure 1 is the #asic "orm o" all amplidyne 3 generators. In the e/uipment no$ in use& e'citation is supplied to t$o control $indings $hich are oppositely $ound. !he direction o" the magnetic "ield ,* and the polarity o" the output o" the generator depend upon $hich $inding receives the stronger current. !hus& the direction o" rotation o" the "ollo$-up motor& $hich receives its po$er supply "rom the amplidyne generator& can #e controlled at $ill #y supplying the stronger current to one or the other o" the control "ields. 6y #alancing the control currents& the amplidyne output is #rought to (ero and the motor stands still. !he di""erence #et$een the t$o control currents determines the amount o" po$er supplied to the motor. 4