Course: Healthcare Management and Administration

Module: Health Economics

Components:

(1) A comprehensive understanding of economic issues relating to health care

systems and infrastructure;
(2) A study of demographic transition and demographic dividends affecting health
care systems and needs in India;
(3) Systems, organizations and public policies for health care in India and
international best practices;
(4) Projections of health care needs, trained personnel and infrastructure
demands;
(5) Principles for pricing of health care services in public and private sectors;
(6) Healthcare insurance and other means for financing healthy care services-
international best practices;
(7) Methods for economic appraisal and evaluation of health care organizations;
(8) Monitoring of trends relating to health care improvements,

That will underpin various educational and career goals in both public and private
health care organizations.

Healthcare Management and Administration Program in USA

The Health Care Management and Administration program is designed for

students who are interested in health and health care in America. Students in this
program realize that public health and health care are major public concerns and
plan to seek employment in one of a variety of health-related management,
administrative, supportive, planning and policy positions. The Health Care
Management and Administration program is designed to provide students with a
basic understanding of both the business and health fields. The program offers the
first two years of an undergraduate major developed for students with an interest in
non-clinical or non-technical health and health care careers. Students in the Health
Care Management and Administration program can expect to achieve the following
objectives: (1) a comprehensive understanding of health care issues and the health
care system that will underpin various educational and career goals; (2) training in
basic administrative, managerial and methodological skills; (3) preparation for entry-
level employment in the community's health and health care organizations, and in
support systems in the private and public sectors; and (4) preparation for a graduate
program leading to an advanced degree in health services administration or a related
field. Upon completion of the Associate of Arts in Health Care Management and

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 Administration, students will be prepared to transfer to a four-year institution with
baccalaureate in health care management, administration, and/or policy.

GENERAL EDUCATION CORE Suggested

Credits Semester
(General education core credits in excess of 36 will
transfer as general electives or courses related to the
major. Each student's total of general education and
required courses must equal at least 60 semester hours
of credit.)
ENGL-121 College Composition I: Expository Writing 3 1
ENGL-122 College Composition II: Writing Through
Literature 3 2
Arts &
Literature Core Course
Humanities 3 3
Fine Arts 3 2
SPCH-105 Fundamentals of Public Speaking 3 4
History History Core 3 4
PSYC-101 General Psychology 3 1
SOCI-101 Introduction to Sociology 3 2
BIOL-101 General Biology I 4 1
CHEM-105 /115 Chemistry and Society 4 3
MATH-138 Statistics 4 1
HEED-101 Health and the World of Risk 1 3

REQUIRED COURSES RELATED TO MAJOR

ACCT-111 Principles of Accounting I 3 1
ACCT-112 Principles of Accounting II 3 2
HEED-218 Organizational Management in Health Care
MAMT-140 (OR) Principles of Management 3 3
ECON-101 Principles of Economics (Macro) 3 3
ECON-102 Principles of Economics (Micro) 3 4
BMGT-151 Business Law 3 4
CMSY-138 Information Systems and Computer
Applications 3 3
HEED-216 Health Care in the U.S. 3 4

Healthcare Economics and Public Policy

The Duke MBA-Weekend Executive

Health Sector Management Program Curriculum

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Regardless of their fields of work, Health Sector Management students
benefit not only from one of the world's best MBA degrees, but also
from additional insight and focus on the continually evolving health
care industry.

Health Sector Management students complete the core MBA courses

with the general Weekend Executive class. HSM students are separated
from the Weekend Executive group only for HSM classes. Courses are
taught by world-class faculty members from both The Fuqua School of
Business and Duke University School of Medicine.

The HSM program increases the effectiveness of managers in the

health care business by exploring the salient issues facing the industry.
More and more health care professionals find themselves confronting
complex situations including:

• The effects of government legislation on financial projections for drugs under

development.
• Maintaining appropriate levels of skilled staff.
• Designing insurance fee structures that provide value to clients while reducing
risk.
• Organizing resources more effectively and efficiently.
• Keeping the right processes, partnerships or programs in place.
• Maintaining adequate funding to run a medical enterprise.

The modern health care professional must be equipped with the

answers to these types of challenges. The Duke MBA - Weekend
Executive Health Sector Management concentration provides the skills
to achieve this.

To earn the HSM concentration designation, students must complete all

MBA course requirements plus two required courses, a seminar series
and one additional health care-specific elective.
Core HSM Courses

Health Care in the 21st Century

Daniel N. Mendelson, M.P.P.

This one-week course, offered in August, provides an overview on the

interlocking segments of the health care industry, including physicians,
hospitals, HMOs/PPOs, insurers, consultants, pharmaceutical
companies and medical device companies. The course analyzes the
health care industry from a historical perspective to understand how it

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has evolved to its current state and to predict how it is likely to change
during the next century.
Economics and Strategy of Health Sector Management

The market behavior of consumers and firms in the health care sector
is examined in this course, using tools from microeconomic theory.
There is a focus on analyzing the economic fundamentals behind the
actions and reactions of players in the health care market, e.g., the
patients, payers and providers. Emphasis is placed on acquiring a tool
kit that will enable a structured and analytical examination of the major
issues.
Seminars in Health Care

This interactive series gives students the opportunity to discuss

relevant and timely health care issues and apply the skill sets taught in
their core HSM courses. Faculty moderators lead the discussions and
students share their perspectives on current topics of interest.
Elective Courses (At least one required)
Health Care Marketing

Mary Frances Luce, Ph.D.

Consumers are shaping the health care system of tomorrow, yet

evaluating and predicting the role of the consumer in this new era
remains challenging. This course will assess consumer preferences for
health and health care, and then address how a consumer focus will re-
shape the health care industry. Topics relevant to marketing across
many segments of the health care industry are examined in this
course, including patient decision making, patient preference
measurement, and mass marketed versus targeted segmentation and
communication. Branding of health care services and coopetition and
coordination in industries will also be covered.
Health Care Operations

Faculty

This course provides an operational perspective on health care, with

topics including quality management, materials management,
inventory management, automated inventory systems, and health care
logistics and distribution. Students will also learn about design and
management of clinical processes, disease- and asset-focused health
care delivery processes and operational issues in public health.
Other Areas Beyond Coursework

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American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE)

HSM students have the opportunity to become members of the first

Duke University student chapter of the American College of Healthcare
Executives (ACHE). This organization provides student members and
associates with the relationships, knowledge, leadership and
marketability they need as they make their way through the
continuously evolving world of health care management. Oscar R.
Aylor, FACHE, and Governor Jack Bovender (Duke MHA, 1968) spoke at
the special kick-off event in 2003.

Prospective Students -
Doctoral Program in Nursing with Health Policy Specialty

A Ph.D. Program for Nurses from the Department of Social and Behavioral
Sciences
The Nurse as Health Policy Specialist.
The nursing profession has a growing role in the health policy arena.
The health policy program is a cross-disciplinary program that prepares students
to assess the policy dimensions of issues in the clinical practice, teaching, and
research environments within which they work and to translate nursing practice
issues into policy issues.

Note: UCSF School of Nursing also offers Doctoral (Ph.D.) Programs in Nursing, and (for
non-nurses) Doctoral (Ph.D.) Programs in Sociology. In the UCSF School of Nursing
Master of Science (M.S.) program, students may choose the Health Policy
Nursing Specialty.

The Health Policy Nursing Programs Winter 2005 Newsletter is available at the link below:

• spec-hpl-05wtr.pdf
(Adobe/Acrobat .pdf format, "Adobe Reader" software required).

The focus is on preparing students to identify, critically analyze and evaluate

laws, regulations, and policies at the institutional, local, state, and national
levels that impact their patients and the practice of nursing, and in
developing knowledge of the history, structure, and process of health
policymaking in the United States.

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Public policies are the public actions that may be taken by policy makers at
the federal, state and local levels. These actions can include budgetary
changes, legislative changes, regulatory changes, and legal actions. Public
policy work involves the process of public discourse, and requires a variety of
skills and knowledge. Before nurses can advocate for public policy changes,
they need a clear understanding of the current policies and how the health
care system operates, including the financial incentives that influence health
organizations.
The curriculum is designed to provide academic preparation in health policy.
It builds upon core doctoral programs including nursing theory, research
methods, policy and economics, and cultural competency, and focuses on
health policy and ethics as applied to policy and clinical arenas.
Theory courses for the program focus on theories of the policy process,
including theories from nursing, sociology, political science, and economics
as they relate to nursing and health policy. The courses provide training in
the policy making process not only in the U.S. but also in the international
health care area.
Health policy is a multi-disciplinary area, where the expertise of nurses,
sociologists, economists, political scientists, and health experts are utilized to
exam issues of health care access, quality and costs.
Our innovative program is housed in the University of California, San
Francisco (UCSF) Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences in the School
of Nursing. The program involves faculty from other departments in the
School of Nursing and the School of Medicine as well as from several research
institutes and centers at UCSF utilizing a large multi-disciplinary faculty to
develop a leading national program for the training of nurses in health policy.
Such programs include the Center on Social Disparities and Health, Institute
for Health and Aging (School of Nursing), the Institute for Health Policy
Studies (School of Medicine), the Center for Research and Innovation in
Patient Care (School of Nursing), the Center for the Health Professions
(School of Medicine), and the Center for Tobacco Research and Education
(School of Medicine).
These programs and selected faculty serve to teach classes and to mentor
students in research and provide residencies as part of their health policy
training. This faculty, with large and successful research programs, also

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provides valuable research assistantships and employment for students
during their educational programs.
The program prepares a strong cadre of nurse researchers who can step into
positions of health policy leadership in legislative organizations, regulatory
agencies, licensing bodies, and policy organizations. The goal is to contribute
to and improve health policy to benefit patients, the public and the nursing
profession. Additionally, graduates are prepared to assume academic and
research positions where they can initiate and contribute to health services
and policy studies.

Program Objectives
As part of the training process, the specific objectives of the specialty in
health policy are for students to:
• Analyze the history, structure, and process of health policy making in the
United States;
• Assess the policy and ethical dimensions of issues in the clinical practice,
teaching, and research environments, and translate nursing practice issues
into policy issues;
• Identify, critically analyze, and evaluate laws, regulations, and policies at
the institutional, local, state, and national levels that impact patients and the
practice of nursing;
• Conduct health services research and policy and economic analyses;
• Participate in policy and ethical debates and utilize criteria and processes
by which policies are developed, implemented, evaluated, changed, and
maintained;
• Participate in the policy-making process, including core knowledge in
health services research, policy theory and analysis, economics, ethics,
medical sociology, health organizations and professions, and labor issues.

Program Curriculum
Each doctoral student works with his or her advisor in developing an
individualized plan for their doctoral work. Students take core methods and
theory courses in the program and are given wide flexibility in developing
health policy electives that meet their own interests.
Students are required to take at least one research rotation with a health
policy faculty member during their program. Students will also be encouraged
to collaborate with faculty members on research to gain experience in a
variety of research methods and projects.

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During the third year, doctoral nursing students may participate in an
interdisciplinary health policy-training program at the Institute for Health
Policy Studies. The seminars for this program are held one day a week and
include a writing workshop where students present and critique their work in
progress (articles, grant proposals, and other work).
The program also has a noon proseminar on a health policy issue. The health
policy proseminar brings together doctoral and master’s students in health
policy with health policy faculty members and policy leaders on a weekly
basis. The discussions focus on the leading health policy debates and faculty
and students present their research.
UCSF offers a large number of health policy courses in a wide array of areas.
Students can individually tailor their health policy interests and have a wide
range of faculty to work with at the University. In addition, students on the
UCSF campus can take courses at UC Berkeley offered in the School of Public
Health, Medical Anthropology and Sociology and Business School. These
larger University resources enable students to take courses depending on
their specific research projects.
A Model Curriculum for the Nursing PhD Health Policy program is available
showing course requirements, click the link below:
 PHD-N-HP Model Curriculum: ps-dc-hpcu.htm

Health Policy Specialty Coursework

Coursework covers the policy process including the structure of health care
systems, economics of health care, communications and leadership strategies
in policy, policy analysis, cost analysis in health care, health policy research,
and the ethical and social aspects of policymaking. Students may choose
policy-relevant electives focused on particular issues, including aging and
long term care policy, ethics, managed care and financing, tobacco control
policy, children and adolescent policy, labor market issues, race, class and
gender factors in health care, social policy, women's health, and many other
areas. Core doctoral coursework is taken in addition to specialty courses in
health policy.

Core Health Policy Specialty Courses

Theories of the Policy Process focuses on learning and using theories of
the policy process, including analyzing how health policy problems are
constructed. Perspectives on agenda setting, media roles, advocacy, policy

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innovation, diffusion, and implementation are integrated with examples of
policy problems.
Organizational Analysis of U.S. Healthcare examines formal
organizational theory, structure, and processes of health care organizations.
The focus is on how organizations function within the socioeconomic and
political environment in the United States.
Policy Proseminars are designed to extend knowledge of the varied scope
of health policy research and analysis. The series presents the policy research
work of core and affiliated health policy faculty on the campus and offers the
opportunity for students to become acquainted with the faculty in the
program. The focus is on specific policy research, analysis and
implementation strategies.
Research Rotations provide students the opportunity to learn hands-on
policy and research analysis working with faculty on a policy or research
project. Guided laboratory experience is designed to develop mastery in policy
analysis or research.
Race/Class Factors in Health Care Delivery examines racial and class
membership impact on access to health care services, variations in the quality
of those services, and how professional and sub-professional roles in the
health care system are organized along racial and class lines.
Health Policy I & II addresses models of health policy research with a focus
on integrating health services research theory and methods. Health service
research designs that focus on high priority national policy issues are
examined, addressing key health policy research questions and assessing
policy outcomes.
Health Care Economics and Policy provides a critical analysis of
economic, sociological, and political factors that affect health care. It
examines U.S. health policies that impact access, quality, costs, delivery
systems, professional practices, and reform.
Ethical Issues in Nursing Practice explores selected ethical theories
including social ethics related to health care and nursing practice within the
institutional and broader health care policy context.
Communications and Policy Leadership focuses on developing
students' skills in various types of policy-relevant communications and
leadership across different policy venues.

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Policy and Politics of Health examines health care policy and politics in
terms of historical and contemporary issues related to access, quality, and
cost. Organizational, financing, and labor market issues are included, along
with strategies for social change.
Select Policy Electives
Perspectives on Social Policy and Health examines the impact of family
and welfare policy on health status, health care access, and health outcomes.
The course explores theories on the historical constructions of poverty and
the poor and governmental policies affecting poor and working class
employment, family supports, income subsidy, childcare, and access to health
care. It examines the debates over universal access to health care and the
impact of social constructions of poverty on the debate.
Social Policy and Aging provides a critical analysis of major social,
economic, and political issues of growing old in America. It examines social
policy in the public and private sectors including health, income, and social
services and considers prospects for social change and political movements.
Tobacco Control Policy Issues focuses on issues and evolution of tobacco
control policies in the U.S. and internationally. Lectures and readings in the
history of tobacco control will prepare students to engage in weekly
discussions and case studies of particular tobacco control policies, and to
apply lessons from tobacco policy to other arenas.
Ethics & Policy in Genetics & Genomics explores ethics, philosophy,
and social policy of genetics research, screening, and therapeutic
interventions using case-based discussions. Social and health care
implications related to the understanding of human nature, informed
consent, insurance, employment, emotional impact, and predictive variability
of genetic screening will be explored.
Basic Topics in Leadership in Health Care Systems examines basic
topics in leadership in health care systems including management, human
resources, financing and budgeting, and feedback and coaching.
Managing Change in Health Care Systems examines the principles of
organizational change in health care systems. These include strategy,
decision-making and conflict management, communications, and quality
improvement and management.

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Leadership Development & Self Renewal examines the principles of
leadership and self-renewal including negotiating, motivating others,
problem solving, managing diversity, improving care management, and
developing skills and knowledge.
Information Technology and Organizational Change examines
information technology (IT) in health care organizations, with a focus on
electronic medical records. The course covers: the potential for IT to improve
quality; the economics of IT; theories of diffusion of innovations; theories of
the relationship between IT, and behavior, practice and organizational
changes; the costs and benefits of IT in health care costs and benefits and
quality improvement; and alternative policy approaches to hasten IT
adoption in health care.

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