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he publication of a complete English translation of Heinz Hartmann's essay, "Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation," inaugurates the Monograph Series of the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. This project was conceived several years ago, but its initiation has had to await the availability of a psychoanalytic work of exceptional merit and importance. The editors believe that the appropriate occasion has finally arrived. "Ich-Psychologie und Anpassungsproblem" was first presented in 1937 before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and then published in German in 1939 in the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Imago. Historically it represents a turning point in the development of modern psychoanalytic theory. It is a natural sequel to Freud's previous formulations of the structural hypothesis and his contributions to ego psychology. With its appearance there began an evolution in psychoanalytic thought which continues to ramify and the full implications of which for theory and practice are not yet fully realized. To readers intimately acquainted with current psychoanalytic ego psychology, this essay will reveal the first formulations of some of its basic concepts. Many of them will have a ring of familiarity, because of the remarkable degree to which Hartmann's ideas have shaped, and become assimilated into, current psychoanalytic thinking. One becomes aware of the tremendous impact of his theories when one finds that it was in this essay that concepts such as the undifferentiated phase, the conflict-free ego sphere, conflict-free ego development, and primary and secondary autonomy were developed for the first time. Hartmann discusses the role of endowment and of the inborn ego apparatuses and their adaptive nature. The idea that ego defenses may simultaneously serve the control of instinctual drives and the adaptation to the external world finds its expression in this essay. Hartmann's concept of adaptation is in no way restricted to the "cultural" sense of the term. It is a truly inclusive conception, and he views it as an ongoing process, which has its roots in the biological structure, and with many of its manifestations reflecting the constant attempts of the ego to balance intrasystemic and intersystemic tensions. The implications of his theory for the development of perception and thought processes, the concepts of ego strength, ego weakness, and of normality, are also discussed. Neutralization, and the impact of this construct on the concept of sublimation, evolves quite naturally from this paper. One sees in this work a systematic attempt to establish within the framework of a psychoanalytic ego psychology the groundwork for a theory of human behavior in general, normal as well as abnormal. The great sweep of Hartmann's exceptionally rich intellect has made it possible for him in this task to integrate the whole field of psychoanalytic knowledge with the related fields of biology, psychology, sociology, and philosophy. The opportunity to read this essay will reintroduce psychoanalysts to a cardinal requirement of the scientific method which Dr. Hartmann's work demonstrates, namely his unswerving insistence upon precision in methodology, and upon logical consistency of theory. With it all, the rarified atmosphere of theory is flavored by a humanistic tolerance and understanding, which is discernible in his discussions of rational and irrational behavior, automatism and mechanisms of integration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
he publication of a complete English translation of Heinz Hartmann's essay, "Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation," inaugurates the Monograph Series of the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. This project was conceived several years ago, but its initiation has had to await the availability of a psychoanalytic work of exceptional merit and importance. The editors believe that the appropriate occasion has finally arrived. "Ich-Psychologie und Anpassungsproblem" was first presented in 1937 before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and then published in German in 1939 in the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Imago. Historically it represents a turning point in the development of modern psychoanalytic theory. It is a natural sequel to Freud's previous formulations of the structural hypothesis and his contributions to ego psychology. With its appearance there began an evolution in psychoanalytic thought which continues to ramify and the full implications of which for theory and practice are not yet fully realized. To readers intimately acquainted with current psychoanalytic ego psychology, this essay will reveal the first formulations of some of its basic concepts. Many of them will have a ring of familiarity, because of the remarkable degree to which Hartmann's ideas have shaped, and become assimilated into, current psychoanalytic thinking. One becomes aware of the tremendous impact of his theories when one finds that it was in this essay that concepts such as the undifferentiated phase, the conflict-free ego sphere, conflict-free ego development, and primary and secondary autonomy were developed for the first time. Hartmann discusses the role of endowment and of the inborn ego apparatuses and their adaptive nature. The idea that ego defenses may simultaneously serve the control of instinctual drives and the adaptation to the external world finds its expression in this essay. Hartmann's concept of adaptation is in no way restricted to the "cultural" sense of the term. It is a truly inclusive conception, and he views it as an ongoing process, which has its roots in the biological structure, and with many of its manifestations reflecting the constant attempts of the ego to balance intrasystemic and intersystemic tensions. The implications of his theory for the development of perception and thought processes, the concepts of ego strength, ego weakness, and of normality, are also discussed. Neutralization, and the impact of this construct on the concept of sublimation, evolves quite naturally from this paper. One sees in this work a systematic attempt to establish within the framework of a psychoanalytic ego psychology the groundwork for a theory of human behavior in general, normal as well as abnormal. The great sweep of Hartmann's exceptionally rich intellect has made it possible for him in this task to integrate the whole field of psychoanalytic knowledge with the related fields of biology, psychology, sociology, and philosophy. The opportunity to read this essay will reintroduce psychoanalysts to a cardinal requirement of the scientific method which Dr. Hartmann's work demonstrates, namely his unswerving insistence upon precision in methodology, and upon logical consistency of theory. With it all, the rarified atmosphere of theory is flavored by a humanistic tolerance and understanding, which is discernible in his discussions of rational and irrational behavior, automatism and mechanisms of integration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
he publication of a complete English translation of Heinz Hartmann's essay, "Ego psychology and the problem of adaptation," inaugurates the Monograph Series of the Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association. This project was conceived several years ago, but its initiation has had to await the availability of a psychoanalytic work of exceptional merit and importance. The editors believe that the appropriate occasion has finally arrived. "Ich-Psychologie und Anpassungsproblem" was first presented in 1937 before the Vienna Psychoanalytic Society and then published in German in 1939 in the Internationale Zeitschrift für Psychoanalyse und Imago. Historically it represents a turning point in the development of modern psychoanalytic theory. It is a natural sequel to Freud's previous formulations of the structural hypothesis and his contributions to ego psychology. With its appearance there began an evolution in psychoanalytic thought which continues to ramify and the full implications of which for theory and practice are not yet fully realized. To readers intimately acquainted with current psychoanalytic ego psychology, this essay will reveal the first formulations of some of its basic concepts. Many of them will have a ring of familiarity, because of the remarkable degree to which Hartmann's ideas have shaped, and become assimilated into, current psychoanalytic thinking. One becomes aware of the tremendous impact of his theories when one finds that it was in this essay that concepts such as the undifferentiated phase, the conflict-free ego sphere, conflict-free ego development, and primary and secondary autonomy were developed for the first time. Hartmann discusses the role of endowment and of the inborn ego apparatuses and their adaptive nature. The idea that ego defenses may simultaneously serve the control of instinctual drives and the adaptation to the external world finds its expression in this essay. Hartmann's concept of adaptation is in no way restricted to the "cultural" sense of the term. It is a truly inclusive conception, and he views it as an ongoing process, which has its roots in the biological structure, and with many of its manifestations reflecting the constant attempts of the ego to balance intrasystemic and intersystemic tensions. The implications of his theory for the development of perception and thought processes, the concepts of ego strength, ego weakness, and of normality, are also discussed. Neutralization, and the impact of this construct on the concept of sublimation, evolves quite naturally from this paper. One sees in this work a systematic attempt to establish within the framework of a psychoanalytic ego psychology the groundwork for a theory of human behavior in general, normal as well as abnormal. The great sweep of Hartmann's exceptionally rich intellect has made it possible for him in this task to integrate the whole field of psychoanalytic knowledge with the related fields of biology, psychology, sociology, and philosophy. The opportunity to read this essay will reintroduce psychoanalysts to a cardinal requirement of the scientific method which Dr. Hartmann's work demonstrates, namely his unswerving insistence upon precision in methodology, and upon logical consistency of theory. With it all, the rarified atmosphere of theory is flavored by a humanistic tolerance and understanding, which is discernible in his discussions of rational and irrational behavior, automatism and mechanisms of integration. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
The first two topics of my notes are essential and you have to study them well so
as to provide a good understanding of the chapters to come.
Themes to pay special attention to in the first 2 chapters: Some basic understanding of the ways different founders consider society is important. For example, you would have to get yourselves familiar with: i. C. !ills" concept of #sociological imagination" ii. !arx"s view of society and the capitalist order mar$ed by exploitation, alienation at wor$, false class consciousness, conflicts and struggles between the wor$ing class and the capitalist class iii. %ur$heim"s consensual view about society & the analogy of society with a biological mechanism, the importance of functional pre're(uites and the interdependence of social institutions in modern societies, mechanical and organic solidarity, suicide, anomie iv. eber & the way modern society can be understood in term of the growth of rationality )rational behaviour* with bureaucrati+ation and the development of capitalism as demonstrations of such a change as well as his view about the importance of values and ideas in shaping the development of societies. ,asic understanding of: i. functionalist perspective: how it understand the nature of society, its emphasis on stability and order of society ma$ing the study of how social institutions relate to each other important ii. conflict perspective: how it perceives the nature of society and its focus on tensions and conflicts between social groups. -xamples include !arxism and feminism. .ay attention to the basic arguments in !arxism and feminism about the nature of society iii. hat are the pros and cons for the functionalist and conflict perspectives in understanding different sociological issues. Important themes for the rest of the chapters: /ow do different sociological perspectives understand and study essential topics in sociology such as culture, family, and stratification01 2n what way a sociological study can help us gain some insights about our own society1 hat is the conventional definition of family1 hat is the problem with such a definition with diversities in family forms in modern society3 the validity of the functionalist argument of the change in family form and family relations in modern society undergoing industriali+ation )fit hypothesis*. The functionalist argument for the universality of stratification, the similarities and differences in the ways !arxist and eberian approach to class3 and the relative contributions of the different perspectives to analysis of social and economic life in society The biomedical model to health and illness: its assumptions and features3 the factors leading to the increasing popularity of alternative medicine. hat is a functionalist understanding of the #sic$ role"1 /ow can this understanding be challenged1 hat is a stigma and what is its ma4or function in society1 /ow does it wor$ in the field of medicine1 -xplain an interactionist approach to health and illness such as #regime of health". %istinguish the difference in definition between the terms crime and deviance. hat is social control and how it is related to deviance. -xplain the functionalist arguments of the necessity of crime and deviance, as well as 5 !erton"s theory of deviance in term of social strain and the adaptation ta$en by some members of society. /ow does the labeling theory explain crime1 /ow does !arxists view crime1 hat are differences in the above approaches to deviance and crime and evaluate their usefulness for a sociological understanding of deviance and crime.
Aquinas Saint. Thomas - Aquinas Saint Thomas - Aquinas Saint Thomas - Ramos, Alice - Dynamic Transcendentals - Truth, Goodness, and Beauty From A Thomistic Perspective-The Catholic University of Amer