HAN

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HUMAN AREA NETWORK
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ABSTRACT
Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, where everything is

networked. In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are applications best
served by Human Area Networks (HANs) that connect the last meter. RedTacton is a
new Human Area Networking technology that uses the surface of the Human body as a
safe, high speed network transmission path. In addition to the human body, various
conductors and dielectrics can be used as transmission media, they may also be used in
combination. Here,
• A communication environment can be created easily and at low-cost by using

items close at hand, such as desks, walls, and metal objects.
• RedTacton uses the electric field that occurs naturally on the surface of the
human body for communication.
• The RedTacton chips, which will be embedded in various devices, contain a
transmitter and receiver built to send and accept data stored in a digital format.
• Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of
10Mbps. Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body,
transmission speed does not deteriorate in congested areas where many people
are communicating at the same time.
• RedTacton surpasses other human area networks in terms of communication
performance and user convenience.
Communication can be kept private using authentication and encryption
technologies. Corresponding RedTacton receivers are installed at security check points.
The system can provide authentication and record who touched the device and when by
using automatic user authentication and log-in with just a touch. NTT Laboratories from
Japan has made three types of prototypes: RedTacton transceiver --PC card type, hub
type and RedTacton device (box type) for RedTacton.
This paper investigates on how RedTacton works, mechanisms for

communication with RedTacton, its Features and its broad range of application fields are
explained in detail giving the comparisons with other networks.
Introduction:
Perhaps many of us have imagined the future as a place crawling with antennas and
emitters, due to the huge growth of wireless communications. And it’s possible that this
is exactly how it will look like, but it seems that the current means of transferring data
might already have a very serious competitor, none other than the human body.
NTT Labs, the research and development wing of Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Corporation from Japan, plans to start conducting field trials for a radical new "human
area networking" technology called RedTacton that uses the naturally-occurring electrical
fields of human skin to transmit data. RedTacton involves initiating communication with
a touch that could result in a wide range of actions in response. So, NTT combined touch
and action to coin the term Tacton, and then added the word Red -- a warm color -- to
emphasize warm and cordial communications, creating the name RedTacton.
According to NTT Laboratories, our whole body is the perfect conductor for
electronic data, meaning that information such as music and films could be downloaded
in seconds via your elbow. NTT, the Japanese telecoms group, and the team of scientists
that invented the Red Tacton system, envisage a future in which the human body acts as a
non-stop conduit for information. Wireless networks — often hampered by intermittent
service — will eventually be replaced, NTT says, by “human area networks”. The
developers are convinced that the new technology will be “highly disruptive” —
undermining existing wireless industries and causing everyone to rethink the way that
everyday actions could be undertaken. Field tests are under way and the first commercial
appearance of Red Tacton is expected next year.
RedTacton uses the minute electric field emitted on the surface of the
human body. Technically, it is completely distinct from wireless and infrared.
A transmission path is formed at the moment a part of the human body comes in contact
with a RedTacton transceiver. The slim, PCMCIA-based RedTacton transceiver
combines an optical receiver circuit equipped with a super-sensitive photonic electrical
field sensor and a crystal to transmit data over the surface of human body at up to 10
megabits per second between wearable devices. Using RedTacton, communication starts
when terminals carried by the user or embedded in devices are linked in various
combinations according to the user's natural, physical movements. Linked only by touch,
the transceivers can also connect to similar transceivers worn by other users or embedded
in any objects in real space, such as turnstiles or consumer electronics. Promising better
security and far less interference than short-range wireless technologies such as
Bluetooth, ZigBee and Near-Field Communications. Physically separating ends the
contact and thus ends communication
Communication is possible using any body surfaces, such as the
hands, fingers, arms, feet, face, legs or torso. RedTacton works through shoes and
clothing as well.
.
 The RedTacton transmitter induces a weak electric field on the surface of the
body.
 The RedTacton receiver senses changes in the weak electric field on the surface
of the body caused by the transmitter.
 RedTacton relies upon the principle that the optical properties of an electro-optic
crystal can vary according to the changes of a weak electric field.
 RedTacton detects changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic crystal
using a laser and converts the result to an electrical signal in a optical receiver
circuit.
RedTacton transceivers which integrate transmitters and receivers are also
available.
The Red Tacton chips, which will be embedded in various

devices, contain a transmitter and receiver built to send and accept data stored in a
digital format. The transmitter sends data by inducing fluctuations in the minute
electric field on the surface of the human body. The naturally occurring electric field
induced on the surface of the human body dissipates into the earth. Therefore, this
electric field is exceptionally faint and unstable. Data is received using a photonic
electric field sensor that combines an electro-optic crystal and a laser light to detect
fluctuations in the minute electric field.
The chip then takes any type of file, such as an MP3 music file or email, and
converts it into a format that takes the form of digital pulses that can be passed and
read through a human being's electric field. The chip in the receiving device reads
these tiny changes and converts the file back into its original form. RedTacton
transceivers can be treated as standard network devices, so software running over
Ethernet or other TCP/IP protocol-based networks will run unmodified.
The photonic electric field sensor developed by NTT enables weak electric fields
to be measured by detecting changes in the optical properties of an electro-optic
crystal with a laser beam
In addition to the WANs (Internet) and LANs, there are applications best served by
Human Area Networks (HANs) that connect the last meter.
RedTacton enables the first practical Human Area Network between body-centered
electronic devices and PCs or other network devices embedded in the environment via a
new generation of user interface based on totally natural human actions.
Features:
RedTacton has three main functional features:
Touching, gripping, sitting, walking, stepping and other human movements can be
the triggers for unlocking or locking, starting or stopping equipment, or obtaining data.
Using RedTacton, communication starts when terminals carried by the user or embedded
in devices are linked in various combinations through physical contact according to the
human's natural movements.
Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of 10Mbps*.

Because the transmission path is on the surface of the body, transmission speed does not
deteriorate in congested areas where many people are communicating at the same time. *
Maximum communication speed may be slower than 10Mbps depending on the usage
environment.
Taking advantage of this speed, device drivers can be downloaded instantly and execute
Program can be sent.
APPLICATION FIELDS:
One To One Services:
With the ability to send attribute data from personal information devices worn on
the body to computers embedded in the environment, one-to-one services could
implemented that are tailored to the individual needs of the user. Enable one-to-one
services tailored to the user's situation and tastes. Attribute information recorded in the
RedTacton device is sent to the touched objects. The appropriate service is provided
based on the attribute information received by the RedTacton receiver.
RedTacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information on the

medicines' attributes. If the user touches the wrong medicine, an alarm will trigger on the
terminal he is carrying. The alarm sounds only if the user actually touches the medicine
bottle, reducing false alarms common with passive wireless ID tags, which can trigger
simply by proximity.
Alert and contact record at medical, long-term care, and childcare facilities. Avoidance of
risk at construction sites (an alarm sounds if special equipment is handled by anyone
other than supervisors)
Intuitive Operations:
Communication is triggered by totally natural human actions and
behavior, so there is no need to insert smart cards, connect cables, tune frequencies, or
any of the other inconveniences usually associated with today's electronic devices.
Natural movements and actions are the trigger. There’s no "operation" any more. Just
intuitive human interaction. RedTacton transceivers embedded in two terminals can
communicate not only data but also the control or configuration instructions needed to
operate devices. Cable connections are eliminated. The body itself is used as transmission
medium.
Print out where you want just by touching the desired printer with one hand and a PC or
digital camera with the other hand to make the link Complicated configurations are
reduced by downloading device drivers "at first touch".
Display
notebook PC screen on projectors with just a touch. Transfer songs to portable music
players from notebook PCs with just a touch
By shaking hands, personal profile data can be exchanged between mobile terminals on
the users. (Electronic exchange of business cards) Communication can be kept private
using authentication and encryption technologies
Group photos taken with digital cameras are instantly transferred to individual's mobile
terminal. Diagrams written on white boards during meetings are transferred to
individual's mobile terminals on the spot.
Personalization:
Digital lifestyle can be instantly personalized with just a touch. Setup,
registration, and configuration information for an individual user can all be uploaded to a
device the instant the device is touched, eliminating the need for the device to be
registered or configured in advance. A pre-recorded configuration script can be
embedded in a mobile terminal with built-in RedTacton transceiver. When another device
with RedTacton capabilities is touched, personalization data and configuration scripts can
be downloaded automatically.
Your own phone number is

allocated and billing commences. Automatic importing of personal address book and call
history.
The PC is configured to the user's specifications simply by touching the mouse. Room
temperature and lighting are customized when a switch in the living room is pressed.
The seat position and steering wheel height adjust to match the driver just by sitting in the
car. The driver's home is set as the destination in the car navigation system. The stereo
plays the driver’s favorite song.
Touching the
TV remote control triggers a filter/search routine according to your personal
programming preferences.
Security Applications:
RedTacton could be installed on doors, cabinets and other locations
calling for secure access, such that each secure access could be initiated and authenticated
with a simple touch. At the same time, all the transaction details and relevant user
attributes (personal identity, security clearance, etc.) could be logged by the security
system.
Carrying a mobile RedTacton-capable device in one's pocket, ID is verified and the door
unlocked when the user holds the doorknob normally. Secure lock administration is
possible by combining personal verification tools such as fingerprint ID or other
biometric in the mobile terminal.
Automated
car door lock/unlock just by touching the handle; unlocking a bicycle just by sitting on it.
As a pass in amusement facilities
Comparison with other Human communication Methods:
RedTacton surpasses other human area networks in terms of communication
performance and user convenience."Intra-body communication" using the human body as
a transmission medium has been reported, but the electric field/photonics method
employed by RedTacton is superior to conventional methods in terms of communication
distance, speed, and interactivity. P: Possible; N: Not possible, P*: possible under some
conditions
Signal &
Detection
system
Contact status with
the electrode
Between
Distance Duplex
mobile
Ground line & communic Between
terminals
speed ation mobile
and
terminals
external
equipment
Clear
The electrode
signal
Elbow to must be in
lines
Amperage fingertip constant contact
needed for N P*
electric at approx. with the body to
body and
3kbps maintain good
earth
conductivity
ground
Capacity
coupling Communication
Wrist to
between possible even
Voltage fingertip
the earth P* P* when passing
electric at approx.
ground through thin
1kbps
and insulators
equipment
Electric Capacity Anywhere P P Communication
field coupling on the possible even
photonics between body at up through shoes
(RedTacton) the earth to and clothing
ground 10Mbps
and
equipment
RedTacton does not require the electrode be in direct contact with the skin. High-speed
communication is possible between two arbitrary points on the body.
With the electric amperage method, a clear signal line and ground line are required. With
the electric voltage method, capacity coupling can substitute. Therefore, the electrode
does not have to be in direct contact with the skin.
On the other hand, photonic electric field sensors used in RedTacton can measure stand-
alone contacts without being influenced by grounds. As a result, the received waveform
is not distorted, regardless of the receiver location. This makes long-distance and high-
speed body surface transmission possible
System Safety:
RedTacton uses the electric field that occurs naturally on the surface of the
human body for communication. Transmitter and receiver electrodes are covered with
an insulating film. No current flows into the body from the RedTacton transceiver
There is no current flowing from the RedTacton transceiver; however, the body indirectly
Receives a minute electric field. This causes electrons already present inside the body to
move, creating a minute displacement current. This displacement current is similar to
those occurring in everyday life.
RedTacton is in conformity to the "Radiofrequency-exposure Protection RCR standard

(RCR STD-38)" issued by the Association of Radio Industries and Businesses (ARIB).
Conclusion:
Some people will be highly attracted to the idea of using their bodies as
networks, and new applications could flourish. Yet psychological barriers could prove a
problem with many users. Even if convinced of the device's safety, some might worry
about privacy or theft from accidental physical contact. With proper security, these are
not serious problems, yet some users might also feel a vague sense of violation of their
personal space. “If the user benefit is much larger than their concerns, people will start to
use it,". This is exactly what happened to cell phones.
An intriguing possibility is that the technology will be used as a sort of

secondary nervous system to link large numbers of tiny implanted components placed
beneath the skin to create powerful onboard -- or in-body – computers.

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Visit: www.geocities.com/chinna_chetan05/forfriends.

HUMAN AREA NETWORK

Human society is entering an era of ubiquitous computing, where everything is

• A communication environment can be created easily and at low-cost by using

This paper investigates on how RedTacton works, mechanisms for

The Red Tacton chips, which will be embedded in various

Duplex, interactive communication is possible at a maximum speed of 10Mbps*.

RedTacton devices embedded medicine bottles transmit information on the

Your own phone number is

biometric in the mobile terminal.

RedTacton is in conformity to the "Radiofrequency-exposure Protection RCR standard

An intriguing possibility is that the technology will be used as a sort of

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