TABLE OF CONTENTS

Approval Sheet ..... iii

Acknowledgement iv
Abstract . v
THE PROBLEM AND THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Introduction . 1
Review of Related Literature .. 3
Objectives ... 11
Statement of Hypothesis 11
Scope and Limitations .11
Significance of Study . 12
Definition of Terms 12
METHODOLOGY
Study Site .. 14
Research Design 14
Flow Chart ..15
Procedure ... 16
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION .....21
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ...40
RECOMMENDATIONS ....42
REFERENCES ....43
APPENDICES

Acknowledgement
I am very grateful to have numerous people who have invested their time in
helping me accomplish this thesis.
I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my adviser, Mr. Christian Jordan
O. Dela Rosa for sharing his knowledge, time, patience and support that made it possible
for me to finish this paper.
I would also like to give my appreciation to the thesis panel members, Mrs.
Salvacion Dorado, Dr. Michael Mesina and Mrs. Cristina Bordallo for their comments in
order to improve this paper.
I would also like to offer my biggest thanks to our department chairperson, Mrs.
Salvacion Dorado for encouraging me to be a better student, for the support and for being
a second mother to all of us. Without her, my college life would not be this meaningful
and successful because of her guidance and love.
Lastly, I would like to thank my family and friends, most especially to my parents
for their undying love and support. I wont be able to reach where I am now because of
you. No words can express how grateful I am for having you. Thank you!



ABSTRACT
Poultry production has become an important sector of economy for farmers.
However, chicken and chicken products are known to be sources of pathogenic bacteria
such as Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacteriaceae are gram-negative bacteria and comprise
a major group of pathogens causing hospital-acquired infections. Because of this, the use
of antibiotics and its resistance become a great concern not only to developed and
developing countries. Isolation of bacteria in poultry chickens was done to distinguish the
presence of Enterobacteriaceae, to identify their characteristics and antibiotic patterns.
This study used twenty-four live poultry chickens obtained from a commercial poultry
farm in Rosario, Batangas City. Ten out of twenty-four isolates were positive based on its
growth on a medium agar. The microscopic morphological characteristics appeared rod-
shaped and showed to be gram-negative bacteria. Its colonial morphological
characteristics showed that isolates were round-shaped, with flat elevation, transparent
with black center color, smooth margin and size of less than one millimeter. To identify
the biochemical characteristics of the isolates, API 20E Biomeruex, France was used and
showed all isolates were Proteus mirabilis. Their antibiotic patterns were also tested
using two types of antibitoics. Isolates showed that they are all resistant to these two
kinds of antibiotics. Proteus mirabilis is a pathogenic bacteria, therefore it can be a threat
to the health of humans and animals so antibiotic resistance should be focused on in order
to avoid the spread of resistance and for the possible cure of certain diseases caused by
such bacteria. For further studies, it is recommended to use more samples, more
antibiotics and a more selective agar to have a more exhaustive result.