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History of United Sri Lanka

Presented By: ChamaraPereraand
P.A Lal
Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Prehistory
Sri Lanka was known by several names from
time to time
Lankadipa, Tambapanni, Sihaladipa, Lanka, Ilam,
Hsia-Ian-Shan, Palaesimundu, Salica, Sarandib,
Seilan, Seng-kia-la, Serendib, Seyllen, Sieladiba,
Taprobana, Taprobane are some of them
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World Map of Ptolemy
(85-165 AD)
Taprobane
Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Prehistory (contd.)
According to Hindu mythology Sri Lanka had a great king
called
Ravana
According to this mythology (Ramayana) he has not only rule
united Sri Lanka, he ruled some parts of India too.
We just cannot forget about this as there are many folk
tales and village names such as Seetha Eliya, Ravana Ella,
Wariyapola which seem to have direct connections to the
story.
At the end of mythology, Ravana was betrayed by his own
brother and kindom of Sri Lanka was overrun by the enemies.
As a gift Ravanas brother got the crown of the country.
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King Ravana
Ravana said to have ten
heads, probably to
demonstrate that he is
the Ruler of ten countries.
Ramayana itself describe
him as a villain, a Gentleman,
and, a great king.
Ramayana describes Ravanas
Lanka as a paradise on earth.
Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Prehistory (contd.)
Even though we cannot find any hard proof to Ravanas era,
archeological experiments clearly show that there were human
beings and activities even before 27000 B.C.
Excavations at Batadomba Lena, Beli Lena, Balangoda etc.
reveals human activities in Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic
eras. Famous Balangoda Man is a result of these excavations.
Paleolithic Early stone age (2 mil ~ 13,000 years BC)
Mesolithic Middle stone age (13,000 ~ 8000 years BC)
Neolithic Late stone age (8000 ~ 4000 years BC)
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Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Diversifications and unifications
The oldest division of the Island comprises Nagadipa in
the north, Malayadesha in the central, and Rohana in the
south.
First foreign invasion came in 217 BC. Two Tamil
brothers, Sena and Gutthika, invaded the country and
took over the kingdom. That time country was divided
into
Pihitirata North
Malayadesa Central
Ruhunurata South
At the peace time these divisions were ruled by kings in
a same dynasty. Pihitirata was the main kingdom
Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Diversifications and unifications (Contd.)
..and other two paid tribute to the main kingdom. So
country remained as a united country.
At the time of foreign occupations the kingdoms
operated separately.
There were about 20 invasions from south Indian
kingdoms; Chola, pandyan, kalinga etc.
But never they ruled Malayarata and Ruhunurata; only
pihitirata they ruled sometimes though they managed to
destroy the capitals of Rohana and Malaya.
Time to time Sinhala kings rescued and unified the
country by defeating the invaders.
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Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Diversifications and unifications (Contd.)
But the northern area harboured remnants of defeated
Indian armies. They acted as information sources and
mercenaries to the inside and outside enemies.
At the Yapahuwa era tamil general Ariyachakrawarthy
invaded the country. From that time on there was a
kingdom of aryachakrawarthys at Yapapatuna.
Aryachakrawarthy became a dynasty and ruled
Yapapatuna and Wanni. Sometimes as allies, sometimes
as foes. There were wars between Chakrawarthys and
Sinhala kings at the period of Bhuwanekabahu V (1373-
1404) and chakrawarthys armies were defeated and
limited to Yapapatuna.
Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
At the time of King
Parakkramabahu V1 of Kotte
(1412-1468 once again
Yapapatuna became aggressive.
Diversifications and unifications (Contd.)
So the kings son, prince Sapumal
conquered Aryachakrawarthy and
made the Sri Lanka united for
the last time until 1815 AD.
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Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Here we talk about the history. What
ever happened in the history, now we,
Sinhalese and Tamils, are two races who
live in one country.
Now there is no point arguing who owns
this country or part of it. Country
belongs to all who live there now.
We have to live in harmony in order to
make this country a paradise once again
References
1. Mahawabsa by Sri Sumangala Thero & Pandith
Batuwantudawe Dewarakshita
2. Kotte Heritage by Dimiyawe Amarawansa Thero
& Alikewala Seelananda Thero
3. The Sinhalese by Pundit Dr. Nandadewa Wijesekera
4. Kings & Rulers of Lanka by P. B. Senanayake
5. Condensed Sinhala Mahawansa by S. Wijesooriya
6. Ramayana by C. Rajagopalachari
7. Sinhala Thupawansaya by W.S. Karunathilaka
8. National battles of Sinhala Dayawansha Jayakody
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Introduction to History of United Sri Lanka
Next Mr. Chamara will explain the
history in detail
Thank you
Vijaya
543-505BC
Abaya
474-454BC
Pandukabaya 437-367BC
Sumiththa
Paduwasdew
504-474BC
Unmadachitra
Mutaseewa 367-307BC
Dewanam Piya Tissa
307BC-267BC
Upatissa
505AD-504AD
son
son
son
son
son
daughter
brother
commander
Deega
Gamini
(Rassa Kula)
Kings from Vijaya to DevanamPiya Tissa
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King Vijaya
Came from Lata with 700 people at 543BC.
With the help of Sri Lankan queen Kuweni,
he captured the crown of the country
Kuweni had two chilren from Vijaya. Later
Vijaya abandoned them. Veddhas believed
to be descended from these children.
Later, Vijaya married to a princess from
Padi Rata and consecrated as the king of
Sri Lanka
His ministers found villages Anuradhagama,
Upatissagama, Uruwela and Vijitha.
Vijaya reigned country for 38 years.
King Pandukabaya
Pandukabayas farther was not a
descendent of Vijaya, but a member of
Raksha race.
There was a prophecy that Pandukabaya
would kill his all uncles, hence he was in
exile in his childhood.
Truing the prophecy, he killed all his
uncles, except one, with the help of
Rakshas and became the king of Sri Lanka.
He ruled the country for 70 years, which is
the longest period, a king ever reigned in
Sri Lanka.
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King Dewanam Piya Tissa
Emperor Asoka of India was an unseen
friend of king Dewanam Piya Tissa.
During his time, emperor Asoka sent
Buddhism with his son Mahinda thera.
Put up Thuparamaya, Isurumuniya,
Vessagiriya, Prathamaka Stupaya,
Mahapaliya, Jambukola Viharaya, Thisa
Weva
Dewanam Piya Tissa
307-267BC
Mahasiwa 257-247BC
Asela 215-205BC
Mahanaga
(Maghampura)
Sooratissa 247-237BC
Sena & Guththika
237-215BC
Elara from Chola 205-161BC
Dutugemunu
Uththiya 267-257BC
son
son
son
son
brother
brother
Yaththalayatissa
Kings from DewanamPiyaTissato
Dutugemunu
brother
brother
brother
Tamil Commanders in HorseRegiment
Gotabaya
Kawantissa
brother
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Dutugemunu-Elara War
Prince Gemunu requested permission three
times from his farther to fight with Elara,
but he was not given.
Prince Gemunu left from Maghama to fight
with Tamils. First he was faced resistance
at Guththila.
Then he overrun Vijithapura Fortress. It
was taken 4 months, and Elara request
reinforcements from Balluka of South
India, who was the son-in-law of Elara.
Dutugemunu-ElaraWar (cont..)
Then Dutugemunu overun Girila and Mahela
Fortresses also.
Finally there was a duel between
Dutugemunu and Elara. Elara was on the
Maha Parwatha Tusker and Dutugemnu was
on Kadol Tusker. King Elara was defeated
by Dutugemunu.
Balluka came with 60,000 solders but
Dutugemunu defeated them also.
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King Dutugemunu
He did lot of work for the
development of Buddhism.
Put up Misisawetiya, Lowahamahapaya
(7 story building), Ruwanweliseya etc.
King Dutugemunu united the country
and ruled under one flag.
Kings@Anuradhapura
Saddhatissa 137-119BC 18 years
Thullaththana 119BC 1 month
Langitissa 119-109BC 10 years
Kallatanaga 109-103BC 6 years
Walagamba (1) 103BC 5 months
7 Tamil Commanders concurred the country
Pulabaththa 103-100BC 3 years
Bahiya 100-98BC 2 years
Panayamara 98-91BC 7 years
Piliyamara 91-90BC 7 months
Datiya 90-89BC 2 years
Walagamba (2) 89-76BC 12years
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King Walagamba
Due to Tamil invasion he was hide out at
several places.
He formed army at Maghama and
dominated Anuradhapua, killed Datiya and
became the King again.
Put up Abayagiriya, Somarama Vihara and
Dambulla Vihara.
Published Thripitakaya at Aluvihare at
Matale.
Kings@Anuradhapura
MahasiluMahatissa 76-62BC 4years
Choranaga 62-50BC 12 years
Kudatissa 50-47BC 3 years
Anula 47-42BC 5 years
Kutakannatissa 42-20BC 22 years
BathiyatissaI 20BC-9AC 28 years
MahaDatiya 9-21AC 12 years
Amanda gamini 21-30AC 9 years
Kanirajanutissa 30-33AC 3 years
Chulabaya 33-35AC 2 years
Seewali 35AC 4 months
Ilanaga 35-44AC 9 years
Chandramukaseewa 44-52AC 8 years
Yasalalakatissa 52-60AC 8 years
Subaraja 60-66AC 6 years
Vasaba 66-110AC 44 years
Vankanasikatissa 110-113AC 3 years
GajabaI 113-135AC 22 years
Mahallakanaga 135-141AC 6 years
BathiyatissaII 141-165AC 24 years
Kanittatissa 65-193AC 28 years
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Kings@Anuradhapura
Chulanaga 193-195AC 2 years
Kunchanaga 195-196AC 1 year
Sirinaga 196-215AC 19 years
Voharikatissa 215-236AC 22 years
Abayanaga 236-244AC 8 years
Sirinaga II 244-246Ac 2 years
Vijayakumara 246-247AC 1 year
Sangatissa 247-251AC 4 years
Sirisangabo 251-253AC 2 years
Gotabaya 253-266ACC 13 years
Detitis I 266-*276AC 10 years
Mahasen 276-303AC 27 years
Sirimewan 303-331AC 28 years
Detutis II 331-340AC 9 years
Buddhadasa 340-369AC 29 years
Upatissa I 369-410AC 42 years
Mahanama 410-432AC 22 years
Soththisena 432AC 1 day
Chaththagrahaka 432-433AC 1 year
Miththasena 433-434Ac 1 year
25 years under Tamil Control
6 Tamil Princes came from India,
killed King Miththasena and ruled the
Pihiti Rata for 25 years.
Pandu, Parinda, Kuda Parinda,
Thirithara, dhathiya and Peetiya are
the princes.
During above period Sinhala princes ran away to Southern
area. One Thera at Mahavihara disrobed and led the troopes
and killed the Tamil ruler. Who became the King Dhatusena.
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Kings@Anuradhapura
Dhatusena 459-477AC 18 years
Kashshapa 477-495AC 18 years
MugalanI 495-512AC 18 years
Kumaradasa 512-521AC 9 years
Keerthisena 521AC 9 months
Siwa 521AC 25 days
UpatissaII 521-522AC 1 year
Silakala 522-535 13 years
Dathappabuthi 535AC 6 months
MugalanII 535-555AC 20 years
Kithsirimewan 555-573AC 19 years
Mahanaga 573-575Ac 3 years
AgboI 575-608AC 34 years
AgboII 608-618AC 10 years
Sangatissa 618Ac 2 months
MugalanIII 618-623AC 5 years
Aseegrahaka 623-632Ac 9 years
AgboIII (1) 632Ac 6 months
J ettatissa 632Ac 5 months
AgboIII (2) 632-648Ac 16 years
Kings@Anuradhapura
Datasiwa 648-650AC 2 years
Kashshapa II 650-659AC 9 years
Dappula I 659-662AC 3 years
Haththadata 659-667AC 9 years
Agbo IV 667-683AC 16 years
Daththa 683-684Ac 2 years
Haththadata II 684AC 6 months
Manavamma 684-719AC 35 years
Agbo V 719-725Ac 6 years
Kashshapa III 725-731AC 6years
Mahinda I 731-733AC 3 years
Agbo VI 733-772AC 40 years
Agbo VII( Polonnaruwa) 772-778AC 6 years
Mihidu II 778-797AC 20 years
Dappula II 797-802AC 5 years
Mihidu III 802-805AC 3 years
Agbo VIII 805-816AC 11 years
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Kings@Anuradhapua
Dappula III 816-831AC 16 years
Agbo IX 831-833 2 years
Sena I (Polonnaruwa) 833-853 20 years
Sena II (Polonnaruwa) 853-887AC 35 years
Udaya II (Polonnaruwa) 887-898AC 11 years
Kashshpa IV (Polonnaruwa) 898-915AC 17 years
Kashshpa V 915-924AC 9 years
Dappula IV 924AC 7 months
Dappula V 924-935AC 12 years
Udaya II 935-938AC 3 years
Sena III 938-946AC 8 years
Udaya III 946-952AC 6 years
Sena IV 952-955AC 3 years
Mihidu IV 955-972AC 16 years
Sena V 972-982AC 10 years
Mihidu V 982-1018AC 36 years
Transition Period from Anuradhapura
era to Polonnaruwa era
Due to financial problems Treasury became
empty and the King ran way to Ruhuna.
Anuradhapura became anarchy.
In 993AC Solee King Raja Raja sent a large
army to destroy and loot Anuradhapura.
Solee took King Mihidu V to their custody
in 1018.
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MihiduV
Vikramabahu
Keerthi 8 days
MahalanaKeerthi 3 years
VikramaPandu1 year @Kalutara
J agathipala4 years killed by Solee
ParakramaPandukilled by Solee
Lokisssara
@Kataragama
Buddaraja& Kerthi @Opanayake
Vijayaba
son
King Vijayaba
Vijayaba became the king for the Ruhuna in
1055.
Later, he did a war against Solee and re-
captured the Anuradhapura and
Polonnaruwa. Reinforcements came from
Solee rata, but king Vijayaba defeated
them successfully.
After 75 years, Sri Lanka became
independent from Solee administration
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King Vijayaba cont..
He brought Bikshus from Burma to
develop Buddhism.
Repaired most of Viharas
Repaired tanks and canals.
He was a good poet.
Kings @Polonnaruwa
Vijayaba 1055-1110 55 years
Jayabahu 1110 1 year (brother of
Vijayabahu)
Vikramabahu 1110-1131 21 years (son of
Vijayabahu)
Gajaba II 1131-1153 22 years (son of
Vikramabahu)
Parakramabahu I 1153-1186 33 years
( son of Manabarana, who is the brother of Jayabahu)
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King Maha Parakramabahu
Developed literature and art of fighting
during childhood in Ruhuna.
Captured Polonnaruwa and became the king
for thr whole country.
He had four Missions with him
Satisfaction of people.
Protection of Buddhism.
Protect the nobles.
Supplying necessities for poor.
Maha Parakramabahu Cont
Developed and decorated the city of
Polonnaruwa with ponds and parks.
Put up Alabana Piriwena, Lankatikaka
Pilimageya, Baddaseema Palace, Rupawathie
Chaiththya, Kiri Vehera, Subadda
Chaiththya
Built up Galviharaya, Demala Seya,
Jethawanaramaya, Thiwanka Pilimageya,
Nelum Pokuna and Pothgul Viharaya.
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Kings@Polnnaruwa
MahaParajkramabahu 1153-1186 33 years
VijayabaII 1186-1187 1 year
MihiduIV 1187 5 days
Nishshankamalla 1187-1196 9 years
Veerabahu 1196 1 day
VikramabahuII 1196 3 months
Chodaganga 1196-1197 9 months
Leelawathie(1) 1197-1200 3 years
Sahasamalla 1200-1202 2 years
Kalyanawathie 1202-1210 8 years
Dharmashoka 1210 1 year
Anikanga 1210 17 days
Leelawathie(2) 1210 1 year
Lokeshwara 1211 9 months
Leelawathie(3) 1212 7 months
Parakramapandu 1212-1215 3 years
KalingaMagha 1215-1236 21 years
Kalinga Magha
Magha, a prince of Kalinga invaded the island with 2400
troops and conquered the country.
He claimed Sinhala throne by right of inheritance (Kalinga
kings and Sinhala kings were related by marriages.
Magha was a very cruel ruler. He tortured Sinhala people,
killed who resisted, looted everything possible.
He destroyed many Chethiyas, revaged the Viharas, tortured
Bhikkus and set fire to libraries.
Sri Lanka was set fire from 1215-1235
Magha was the most cruelest ruler country ever had.
But he couldnt captured the Tooth Relic, which was hidden
in Kothmale.
Finnaly Magha was defated by King Parakramabahu II and
regained the power.
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Vijayabahu III
1220-1224 4 years Dambadeniya
Recaptured Maya rata and controlled Maya & Ruhuna.
Paraktramabahu II
1234-1269 35 years Dambadeniya
Defeated Kalinga Magha and controlled the whole country
He did lot of work for the development of Buddhism.
Vijayabahu IV
1267-1270 3 years Dambadeniya
son of Parakramabahu II
Buwanekabahu I
1270-1283 12 years Dambadeniya-Yapahuwa
Parakramabahu III
1287-1293 6 years Polonnaruwa
son of Vijayabahu IV
BuwanekabahuII 1293-1302 9 years
Kurunegala son of BuwanekabahuI
PandithParakramabahuIV 1302-1326 24 years
Kurunegala son of BuwanekabahuII
BuwanekabahuIII ruling duration not clear Kurunegala
VijayabahuV ruling duration not clear Kurunegala
BuwanekabahuIV 1341-1353 12 yaers Gampola
ParakramabahuV 1344-1359 15 years Dedigama& Gampola
VikramabahuIII 1357-1374 17 years Gampola
BuwanekabahuV 1372-1408 37 years Gampola
WeerabahuII 1392-1397 17 years Raigama
WeeraAlakeshwara 1397-1410 12 years Raigama
ParakramabahuVI 1412-1467 55 years Kotte
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King Parakramabahu VI
Stayed at Veedagama temple during his
childhood.
Vijayanagar emperor sent troops to
capture Sri Lanka, but king Parakramabahu
VI defeated them.
Sent prince Sapumal to Jaffna and
defeated Arya Chakrawarthie and
controlled the whole country.
Send navy to South India and collected
tributes .
Kings@Kotte
Jayabahu II 1467-1472 5 years
Buwanekabahu VI 1472-1480 9 years
Parakramabahu VII 1480-1484 4 years
Weera Parakramabahu 1484-1508 24 years
Dharma Parakramabahu IX 1508-1528 20 years
Vijayabahu VII 1510-1522 12 years
Buwanekabahu VII 1522-1551 30 yaers
Dharmapala 1551-1597 46 yaers
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King Mayadunne
1521-1581 60 years Seethawaka
He was killed by his son.
King Rajasinhe I
1554-1593 39 years Seethawaka
Good fighter
Attacked several times to Portuguese.
Lost to Vimaladharmasooriya I in Kandy.
Kings@Kandy
Don Philip 1591 1 year
Vimaladharmasooriya I 1591-1604 13 years
Senarath 1604-1635 31 years
Rajasinghe II 1635-1687 52 years
Vimaladharmasooriya II 1687-1707 20 years
Narendrasinhe 1707-1739 32 years
Sri Vijaya Rajasinghe 1739-1747 8 years
Keerthi Sri Rajasinghe 1747-1782 35 years
Radadhi rajasinghe 1782-1798 16 years
Sri Vikrama Rajasinghe 1798-1815 17 years