PlantDiseaseControl

PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
PathogenExclusion
h di i d Pathogeneradicationand
reduction ofinoculum
Plantprotection
ResistantVarieties
IntegratedManagement
EpidemicofSuddenOakDeathinBigSur
PhotocourtesyofD.M.RizzoLab,UCDavis.
PlantDiseaseControl
PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
PathogenExclusion:
Preventthetransportationand p
introductionofplantpathogens
Governmentregulations
preventintroductions p
Quarantinestations
Samsonite invaders
Purchase of certified disease Purchaseofcertified disease
freestock,cleanseed
Seedtreatments(fungicideson
d ti ) d di i f t ti seedcoating)anddisinfestations
Modifyactionstoprevent
spreadintouncontaminated
areas
PlantDiseaseControl
Principles of Plant Disease Management PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
Pathogeneradicationandreduction of
inoculum
Prevents spreadofintroduceddiseases,reduces
inoculum density
Sanitation cleaningoftoolsandclothing(10%
bl h l ) l f i f t d l t d b i bleachsoln),removalofinfected plantdebris
Roguing andpruningofdiseasedplantsandinfected
wood
Crop Rotation Planting a non host crop can reduce Crop Rotation Plantinganonhostcropcanreduce
(butnoteliminate)densityofthepathogen.Donot
plantcropsofthesamefamilyinthesameposition
inthegardeneveryyear.
Eliminate weedsandalternativehosts serveas
reservoirforfungi/viruses
Use oftechniquesthatdisfavorvectors/movement
reflecti e m lches for aphids stick cards for other reflectivemulchesforaphids,stickycardsforother
insectvectors,trenchbarriersforrootdiseases
Soil Sterilization Useof12milthickplasticfor46
weeks can reduce inoculum density by heating the weekscanreduceinoculum densitybyheatingthe
top6ofthesoiltolethaltemps.
Biocontrol suppressivesoils
PlantDiseaseControl
PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
Plant protection
Practicaldiseaseavoidanceandthe
useofpesticides
UseofBiocontrol andFungicides
Plantatatimeofyearthatdoes
notfavordisease
Provide adequateplantspacing
avoid crowding avoidcrowding
Provideadequatefertilization
andirrigation donotover feed
plants! p a s
Groupplantsaccordingtotheir
nutrientandwaterneeds
Handleplantsandplantparts
carefullyduringtransplanting,
harvest
Avoidinjurytotheplants make
proper pruning cuts use care properpruningcuts,usecare
whenharvesting
PlantDiseaseControl
PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
ResistantVarieties
Themostreliable,effective,andeconomical
wayofcontrollingplantdiseases
Containresistancegeneswithintheplant
Horizontalresistance
physicalbarriers,synthesis
oftoxins,plantsystemicimmuneresponse
(Salicyclic acid) mild infections (Salicyclic acid),mildinfections
Verticalresistance onegene one
protein,noinfection
Resistance crop can endure an attack by a Resistance cropcanendureanattackbya
pathogen(Penetration,nocolonization)
Tolerant acropcanlivewithdiseaseor
infection(colonizationoccurs,mild
infections)
Immunity acropwouldnotbeattackedby
apathogen(Penetrationdoesnotoccur)
I l ti f i t t i t Improperplantingofaresistantvarietymay
negatetraitsandevenmaybreakthe
resistancegene!
Photographer KentLoefler
CornellUniversity,Dept.ofPlant
Pathology,2004
PlantDiseaseControl
PrinciplesofPlantDiseaseManagement
IntegratedManagement(IM)
Usesallpertinentinformationregarding
crop pathogens history of disease crop,pathogens,historyofdisease,
varietalresistance,environmental
conditions,land,labor,andcostsof
treatment
Main goalsofIM:
1. Eliminateorreduceinoculum
2. Reducetheeffectivenessofinitial
inoculum
3. Increaseresistancewithinthehost
4. Delaytheonsetofdisease y
5. Slowthesecondarycycles
Usesseveralmethodsinwhichroutine
useprovides disease control p
PlantDiseaseControl
Fungicides
ManagementofFungalDiseases
g
servesasaprotectant
timingiscritical
observeandtakecarefulnotesregardingpest
outbreaksandpesticidesapplied
Resistant varieties Resistantvarieties
powderymildewandvascularwilts(VFW)
Certifiedplantingstock p g
GardenSanitation
Ridgardenofplantdebrisbytilling,practices
thataidbreakdown
Properirrigationanddrainage matchthe
water penetration rate with application rate waterpenetrationratewithapplicationrate
Croprotation reducesinitialinoculum
PlantDiseaseControl
ManagementofBacterialDiseases
Resistantvarieties
Certifiedplantingstock Avoidplantsthat
havesuspiciousbumps,cankers,abnormal
h growth
GardenSanitation
Rid garden of plant debris by tilling practices Ridgardenofplantdebrisbytilling,practices
thataidbreakdown
Properirrigation Sprinklerirrigationincreases
bacterialdiseases,avoidwetlocations
Cropspacing Highdensityplantingshave
increased canopy humidity increasedcanopyhumidity
Croprotation reducesinitialinoculum
PlantDiseaseControl
ManagementofViralDiseases
Certifiedplantingstock Avoidplantsthat p g p
havesuspiciousbumps,cankers,abnormal
growth
G d S it ti GardenSanitation
Ridgardenofplantdebrisandweeds by
tilling,practicesthataidbreakdown g, p
Resistantvarieties
Reducethepresenceofvectors Use
insecticides,stickycards,pheromones,etc.
WorkerSanitation Cleantoolsandhandsafter
handling virus infected plants handlingvirusinfectedplants
PlantDiseaseControl
ManagementofNematodes
CroprotationtoNonhostplants reduces p p
nematodepopulations
Resistantvarieties
Certifiedplantingstock Avoidplantsthat
havesuspiciousbumps,cankers,abnormal
growth growth
GardenSanitation
Ridgardenofplantdebrisbytilling,practices g p y g p
thataidbreakdown
SolarSterilizationofsoil Reducespopulation
of nematodes ofnematodes
SymptomsandSignsofBacterial y p g
Diseases
SymptomsandSignsofFungal y p g g
Diseases