SCH4U

Acid-Base Equilibrium worksheet

1.Formic acid, HCOOH, is present in the sting of certain ants. What is the pH of a 0.025 mol!
sol"tion# $%& 2.'0(
2.Calc"late the pH of a sample of )inegar that contains 0.*+ mol! acetic acid. What is the
percent dissociation of the )inegar# $%&2.41, 0.4, -(
+..he form"la of /ar/it"ric acid is C
4
H
4
0
2
O
+
. % chemist prepares a 0.10 1 sol"tion and finds
the pH to /e 2.50. What is the acid dissociation constant for /ar/it"ric acid# What percent of its
molec"les dissociate# $%& 1.0 210
34
, +.2 -(
4.% sol"tion of h4drofl"oric acid has a molar concentration of 0.0100 mol!. What is the pH of
this sol"tion# $%& 2.,5(
5.H4pochloro"s acid, HOCl, is "sed as a /leach and a germ35iller. % chemist finds that 0.02' -
of h4pochloro"s acid molec"les are dissociated in a 0.40 mol! sol"tion of the acid. What is the
)al"e of 6
a
for the acid# $%& 2.7 2 10
3*
(
,.8"tanoic acid gi)es rancid /"tter its distincti)e odo"r. Calc"late the pH of a 1.0 2 1032 mol!
sol"tion of /"tanoic acid, gi)en that 6
a
9 1.51 210
35
. $%&+.411(
'.Caproic acid, C
5
H
11
COOH, occ"rs nat"rall4 in cocon"t and palm oil. :t is a ;ea5 acid ;ith 6
a

9 1.+ 210
35
. % certain a<"eo"s sol"tion of caproic acid has a pH of 2.74. Ho; m"ch acid ;as
dissol)ed to ma5e 100 m! of this sol"tion# $%&1.2 g(
*.Calc"late the pH of a sol"tion of 5.0 210
34
mol! car/onic acid. What is =CO
+
23
> in the
sol"tion# $%&4.*2, 4.' 210
311
1(
7.%dipic acid is a diprotic acid that is "sed to man"fact"re n4lon. :ts form"la can /e a//re)iated
to H
2
%d. .he acid dissociation constants for adipic acid are 6
a1
9 +.'1 210
35
and
6
a2
9 +.*' 210
3,
. What is the pH of a 0.0*5 mol! sol"tion# $%&2.'4(
10.H4dros"lf"ric acid is a ;ea5 diprotic acid. Calc"late the pH and =HS
3
> of a '.5 210
3+
1
sol"tion. $%& 4.57, 2., 210
35
1(
11.%n a<"eo"s sol"tion of ho"sehold ammonia has a molar concentration of 0.105 1. Calc"late
the pH of the sol"tion. $%& 11.14(
12.H4dra?ine, 0
2
H
4
, has /een "sed as a roc5et f"el. .he concentration of an a<"eo"s sol"tion of
h4dra?ine is 5.7 210
32
mol!. Calc"late the pH of the sol"tion. $%& 10.50(
1+.1orphine, C
1'
H
17
0O
+
, is a nat"rall4 occ"rring /ase that is "sed to control pain. % 4.5 210
3+

mol! sol"tion has a pH of 7.7+. Calc"late 6
/
for morphine. $%& 1., 210
3,
(
14.%t room temperat"re, trimeth4lamine, $CH
+
(
+
0, is a gas ;ith a strong ammonia3li5e odo"r.
Calc"late =OH
3
> and the percent of trimeth4lamine molec"les that react ;ith ;ater in a 0.22
mol! a<"eo"s sol"tion. $%& +.* 210
3+
, 1.' -(
15.%n a<"eo"s sol"tion of ammonia has a pH of 10.*5. What is the concentration of the
sol"tion# $%& 2.* 2 10
32
mol!(
1,.Sodi"m /en?oate is "sed as a food preser)ati)e. Calc"late the pH of a 1.0 mol! a<"eo"s
sol"tion of sodi"m /en?oate $6
a
for /en?oic acid is ,.+ 210
35
(. $%& 7.10(
1'.@otassi"m sor/ate is a common additi)e in foods. :t is "sed to inhi/it the formation of mo"ld.
% sol"tion contains 1.*2 g of sor/ate, C
,
H
'
O
2
3
, ions $6
a
9 1.' 210
35
( dissol)ed in 250 m! of
;ater. What is the pH of the sol"tion# $%& *.*0(
1*.@henol, C
,
H
5
OH, is an aromatic alcohol ;ith ;ea5 /asic properties. Calc"late the molar
concentration of OH
3
ions in a 0.'5 1 sol"tion of phenolate, C
,
H
5
O
3
, ions $6
/
9 '.' 210
35
(. What
is the pH of the sol"tion# $%& '., 210
3+
, 11.**(
17.Calc"late the pH of a 0.10 1 a<"eo"s sol"tion of sodi"m nitrite. $%& *.0'(
20.% st"dent prepared a sat"rated sol"tion of salic4lic acid and meas"red the pH of the sol"tion.
.he st"dent then caref"ll4 e)aporated 100 m! of the sol"tion and collected the solid. :f the pH
of the sol"tion ;as 2.4+, and 0.22 g ;as collected after e)aporating 100 m! of the sol"tion, ;hat
is the acid dissociation constant for salic4lic acid# $%& 1.1 210
3+
(
21. .he pH of 0.250 1 HF is 2.0+,. What is the )al"e of 6a for h4drofl"oric acid#
22. Calc"late the percent dissociation for a 0.050 1 sol"tion of h4drofl"oric acid.
2+. Calc"late the concentration of all species present and the pH in a 0.040 1 car/onic acid
sol"tion.
24. Calc"late the concentration of all species present and the pH in 0.10 1 s"lf"ro"s acid.
25. Calc"late the concentration of all species present and the pH in 0.40 1 0H
+
.
2,. Calc"late 6
/
for C0
3
.
2'. Calc"late the pH of a 0.10 1 sol"tion of %lCl
+
. 6
a
for %l$H
2
O(
,
+A
is 1.4 2 10
35
.
2*. Classif4 each of the follo;ing salt sol"tions as acidic, /asic, or ne"tral& a( 68r, /( 0a0O
2
, c(
0H
4
8r, d( BnCl
2
, e( 0H
4
F
27. Calc"late the pH and the percent dissociation in 1.5 1 H0O
2
.
+0. % t4pical aspirin ta/let contains +24 mg of acet4lsalic4lic acid $C
7
H
*
O
4
(, a monoprotic acid
;ith a 6
a
9 +.0 2 10
34
. :f 4o" dissol)e t;o aspirin ta/lets in a +00 m! glass of ;ater, ;hat is the
pH of the sol"tion and the percent dissociation#
+1. .he pH of 0.040 1 h4po/romo"s acid is 5.05. Cetermine the acid dissociation constant.
+2. O2alic acid is a diprotic acid that occ"rs in plants s"ch as rh"/ar/. Calc"late the pH and the
concentration of C
2
O
4
23
ions in 0.20 1 H
2
C
2
O
4
.
++. Calc"late the concentrations of H
+
O
A
and SO
4
23
in a sol"tion prepared /4 mi2ing e<"al
)ol"mes of 0.2 1 HCl and 0., 1 H
2
SO
4
.
+4. Calc"late the pH and the percent dissociation of the h4drated cation in 0.020 1 sol"tions of&
a( Fe$0O
+
(
2
, /( Fe$0O
+
(
+
+5. Str4chnine $C
21
H
22
0
2
O
2
(, a deadl4 rat poison, has a 6
/
9 1.* 2 10
3,
. Calc"late the pH of a
sat"rated sol"tion of str4chnine $1, mg100m!(.
+,. 0icotine $C
10
H
14
0
2
( can pic5 "p t;o protons /eca"se it has t;o /asic 0 atoms $6
/1
9 1.0 2
10
3,
, 6
/2
9 1.+ 2 10
311
(. Calc"late the )al"es of 6
a
for the conD"gate acids.
+'.@redict ;hether an a<"eo"s sol"tion of each salt is ne"tral, acidic, or /asic& a( 0aC0, /( !iF,
c( 1g$0O
+
(
2
, d( 0H
4
:, e( 0H
4
8rO
4
, f( 0a8rO
4
, g( 0aO8r, h( 0H
4
8r
+*.6
a
for /en?oic acid, C
,
H
5
COOH, is ,.+ 210
35
. 6
a
for phenol, C
,
H
5
OH, is 1.+ 210
310
. Which is
the stronger /ase, C
,
H
5
COO
3
$a<( or C
,
H
5
O
3
$a<(#
+7.%fter titrating sodi"m h4dro2ide ;ith h4drofl"oric acid, a chemist determined that the
reaction had formed an a<"eo"s sol"tion of 0.020 mol! sodi"m fl"oride. Cetermine the pH of
the sol"tion. $%& '.'4(
40.0.025 mol! /en?oic acid is titrated ;ith 0.025 mol! sodi"m h4dro2ide sol"tion. Calc"late
the pH at e<"i)alence. $%& *.15(
41.50.0 m! of 0.10 mol! h4dro/romic acid is titrated ;ith 0.10 mol! a<"eo"s ammonia.
Cetermine the pH at e<"i)alence. $%& 5.2*(
42.0.10 mol! h4drochloric acid is titrated ;ith 0.10 mol! meth4lamine, CH
+
0H
2
. Calc"late
the pH at the e<"i)alence point. $%& 5.7'(
4+.% /"ffer sol"tion is made /4 mi2ing 250 m! of 0.200 mol! a<"eo"s ammonia and 400 m!
of 0.150 mol! ammoni"m chloride. Calc"late the pH of the /"ffer sol"tion. $%& 7.1*(
44.% /"ffer sol"tion is made /4 mi2ing 200 m! of 0.200 mol! a<"eo"s ammonia and 450 m!
of 0.150 mol! ammoni"m chloride. Calc"late the pH of the /"ffer sol"tion. $%& 7.0+(
45.% /"ffer sol"tion contains 0.200 1 nitro"s acid and 0.140 1 potassi"m nitrite. What is the
pH of the /"ffer sol"tion# $%& +.10(
4,.% /"ffer sol"tion is prepared /4 dissol)ing 1.*0 g of /en?oic acid, and 1.75 g of sodi"m
/en?oate, in *00 m! of ;ater. Calc"late the pH of the /"ffer sol"tion. $%& 4.1,(
4'.% chemist adds 20.0 g of sodi"m h4dro2ide to a 1.0 ! sol"tion of 1.0 mol! acetic acid.
E2plain ;h4 the res"lting sol"tion resists pH changes ;hen an acid or a /ase is added. Calc"late
the pH of the sol"tion. %ss"me there is no change in the )ol"me of the sol"tion ;hen 0aOH is
added. $%& 4.'4(
4*.% /"ffer sol"tion is prepared /4 adding 2.1 g of 0aF to 5.00 210
32
m! of 0.10 1 HF.
Calc"late the pH of the /"ffer sol"tion ass"ming no change in )ol"me res"lts from the addition
of 0aF to the HF sol"tion. $%& +.1'(
47.% /"ffer sol"tion is prepared /4 adding +0.0 g of p"re acetic acid to 41.0 g of sodi"m acetate
in ;ater, and then dil"ting the sol"tion to 1.00 !. What is the pH of the /"ffer sol"tion# $%&
4.'4(
50.Calc"late the pH of a /"ffer sol"tion made /4 reacting 20 cm
+
of 0.10 mol HCl ;ith 40 cm
+
0.10 mol 0H
+
at 27* 6. .he p6
/
for ammonia is 4.'5. $%& 7.25(
51.% /"ffer sol"tion can /e made /4 dissol)ing 0.25 g of sodi"m ethanoate in 200 cm
+
of 0.10
mol dm
3+
ethanoic acid. %ss"me that the change in )ol"me is negligi/le. Calc"late the
concentration of the sodi"m ethanoate in mol dm
3+
. Calc"late the pH of the res"lting /"ffer
sol"tion. $%& 0.015, +.74(