Branches of Biology

Agriculture - science and practice of producing crops and livestock from the nat
ural resources of the earth.
Anatomy - study of the animal form, particularly human body
Astrobiology - branch of biology concerned with the effects of outer space on li
ving organisms and the search for extraterrestrial life.
Biochemistry - the study of the structure and function of cellular components, s
uch as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, and other biomolecules, a
nd of their functions and transformations during life processes
Bioclimatology - a science concerned with the influence of climates on organisms
, for instance the effects of climate on the development and distribution of pla
nts, animals, and humans
Bioengineering - or biological engineering, is a broad-based engineering discipl
ine that deals with bio-molecular and molecular processes, product design, susta
inability and analysis of biological systems.
Biogeography - a science that attempts to describe the changing distributions an
d geographic patterns of living and fossil species of plants and animals
Bioinformatics - information technology as applied to the life sciences, especia
lly the technology used for the collection, storage, and retrieval of genomic da
ta
Biomathematics - mathematical biology or biomathematics is an interdisciplinary
field of academic study which aims at modelling natural, biological processes us
ing mathematical techniques and tools. It has both practical and theoretical app
lications in biological research.
Biophysics - or biological physics is an interdisciplinary science that applies
the theories and methods of physical sciences to questions of biology
Biotechnology - applied science that is concerned with biological systems, livin
g organisms, or derivatives thereof, to make or modify products or processes for
specific use
Botany - the scientific study of plants
Cell biology - the study of cells at the microscopic or at the molecular level.
It includes studying the cells physiological properties, structures, organelles,
interactions with their environment, life cycle, division and apoptosis
Chronobiology - a science that studies time-related phenomena in living organism
s
Conservation Biology - concerned with the studies and schemes of habitat preserv
ation and species protection for the purpose of alleviating extinction crisis an
d conserving biodiversity
Cryobiology - the study of the effects of low temperatures on living organisms
Developmental Biology - the study of the processes by which an organism develops
from a zygote to its full structure

Ecology - the scientific study of the relationships between plants, animals, and
their environment
Ethnobiology - a study of the past and present human interactions with the envir
onment, for instance the use of diverse flora and fauna by indigenous societies
Evolutionary Biology - a subfield concerned with the origin and descent of speci
es, as well as their change over time, i.e. their evolution
Freshwater Biology - a science concerned with the life and ecosystems of freshwa
ter habitats
Genetics - a science that deals with heredity, especially the mechanisms of here
ditary transmission and the variation of inherited characteristics among similar
or related organisms
Geobiology - a science that combines geology and biology to study the interactio
ns of organisms with their environment
Immunobiology - a study of the structure and function of the immune system, inna
te and acquired immunity, the bodily distinction of self from nonself, and labor
atory techniques involving the interaction of antigens with specific antibodies
Marine Biology - study of ocean plants and animals and their ecological relation
ships
Medicine - the science which relates to the prevention, cure, or alleviation of
disease
Microbiology - the branch of biology that deals with microorganisms and their ef
fects on other living organisms
Molecular Biology - the branch of biology that deals with the formation, structu
re, and function of macromolecules essential to life, such as nucleic acids and
proteins, and especially with their role in cell replication and the transmissio
n of genetic information
Mycology - the study of fungi
Neurobiology - the branch of biology that deals with the anatomy and physiology
and pathology of the nervous system
Paleobiology - the study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologi
c times, as represented by the fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms
Parasitology - the study of parasites and parasitism
Pathology - the study of the nature of disease and its causes, processes, develo
pment, and consequences
Pharmacology - the study of preparation and use of drugs and synthetic medicines
Physiology - the biological study of the functions of living organisms and their
parts
Protistology - the study of protists
Psychobiology - the study of mental functioning and behavior in relation to othe
r biological processes

Toxicology - the study of how natural or man-made poisons cause undesirable effe
cts in living organisms
Virology - study of viruses
Zoology - The branch of biology that deals with animals and animal life, includi
ng the study of the structure, physiology, development, and classification of an
imals
Ethology - the study of animal behavior
Entomology - the scientific study of insects
Ichthyology - the study of fishes
Herpetology - the study of reptiles and amphibians
Ornithology - the study of birds
Mammalogy - the study of mammals
Primatology - the science that deals with primates
Chemistry
Biochemistry - Biochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the chemic
al reactions that occur inside living organisms.
Chemical Engineering - Chemical engineering involves the practical application o
f chemistry to solve problems.
Chemistry History - Chemistry history is the branch of chemistry and history tha
t traces the evolution over time of chemistry as a science. To some extent, alch
emy is included as a topic of chemistry history.
Cluster Chemistry - This branch of chemistry involves the study of clusters of b
ound atoms, intermediate in size between single molecules and bulk solids.
Combinatorial Chemistry - Combinatorial chemistry involves computer simulation o
f molecules and reactions between molecules.
Electrochemistry - Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that involves the
study of chemical reactions in a solution at the interface between an ionic con
ductor and an electrical conductor. Electrochemistry may be considered to be the
study of electron transfer, particularly within an electrolytic solution.
Environmental Chemistry - Environmental chemistry is the chemistry associated wi
th soil, air, and water and of human impact on natural systems.
Food Chemistry - Food chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with the c
hemical processes of all aspects of food. Many aspects of food chemistry rely on
biochemistry, but it incorporates other disciplines as well.
General Chemistry - General chemistry examines the structure of matter and the r
eaction between matter and energy. It is the basis for the other branches of che
mistry.
Geochemistry - Geochemistry is the study of chemical composition and chemical pr
ocesses associated with the Earth and other planets.

Green Chemistry - Green chemistry is concerned with processes and products that
eliminate or reduce the use or release of hazardous substances. Remediation may
be considered part of green chemistry.
Inorganic Chemistry - Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that deals
with the structure and interactions between inorganic compounds, which are any c
ompounds that aren t based in carbon-hydrogen bonds.

Kinetics - Kinetics examines the rate at which chemical reactions occur and the
factors that affect the rate of chemical processes.
Medicinal Chemistry - Medicinal chemistry is chemistry as it applies to pharmaco
logy and medicine.
Nanochemistry - Nanochemistry is concerned with the assembly and properties of n
anoscale assemblies of atoms or molecules.
Nuclear Chemistry - Nuclear chemistry is the branch of chemistry associated with
nuclear reactions and isotopes.
Organic Chemistry - This branch of chemistry deals with the chemistry of carbon
and living things.
Photochemistry - Photochemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with intera
ctions between light and matter.
Physical Chemistry - Physical chemistry is the branch of chemistry that applies
physics to the study of chemistry. Quantum mechanics and thermodyamics are examp
les of physical chemistry disciplines.
Polymer Chemistry - Polymer chemistry or macromolecular chemistry is the branch
of chemistry the examines the structure and properties of macromolecules and pol
ymers and finds new ways to synthesize these molecules.
Solid State Chemistry - Solid state chemistry is the branch of chemistry that is
focused on the structure, properties, and chemical processes that occur in the
solid phase. Much of solid state chemistry deals with the synthesis and characte
rization of new solid state materials.
Spectroscopy - Spectroscopy examines the interactions between matter and electro
magnetic radiation as a function of wavelength. Spectroscopy commonly is used to
detect and identify chemicals based on their spectroscopic signatures.
Thermochemistry - Thermochemistry may be considered a type of Physical Chemistry
. Thermochemistry involves the study of thermal effects of chemical reactions an
d the thermal energy exchange between processes.
Theoretical Chemistry - Theoretical chemistry applies chemistry and physics calc
ulations to explain or make predictions about chemical phenomena.
Physics
1. Astrophysics:
It is a branch of physics that helps us study the planetary motions long with th
eir physical properties in our universe. These include the luminosity, temperatu
re, chemical composition and density of astronomical objects like galaxies, star
s, interstellar medium and the forces that act between them.
2. Atomic and Molecular Physics:
This branch is focused on the characteristics and structures of molecules and at
oms.

3. Biophysics:
This is the branch of physics that applies the physics laws to life formations.
4. Condensed matter physics (solid state):
This study focuses on the physical attributes of solids like electrical, conduct
ive, dielectric and thermal properties, as well as their understanding of the te
rms of elementary physical laws.
5. Cosmology:
This study focuses on the whole universe, its structure, and how the evolution s
tarted. It also helps us understand how the universe can undergo changes in futu
re.
6. Geophysics:
This study is focused on the physical properties and attributes of the earth; it
encompasses geodesy, meteorology, seismology, atmospheric electricity, terrestr
ial magnetism, oceanography and tidal phenomena.
7. Mechanics:
This is the study of mechanical movements of bodies, especially machines. This f
ield facilitated the growth of industries which revolutionised the lifestyle.
8. Statistical Mechanics:
This is a study aimed to relate the characteristics of macroscopic systems again
st their molecular and atomic constituents.
9. Theoretical physics:
This is an attempt to further understand the world by means of creating a realis
tic model, utilized for explaining, rationalizing and predicting physical phenom
enon through different proven concepts.
10. Thermodynamics:
This is the study about effects of variations in pressure, volume and temperatur
e on physical systems. It is based on the analysis of integrated motion of the p
articles using statistics.
Physics continues to be the favourite subject for people wishing to pursue caree
rs in engineering. Also, the research opportunities in this field are very dynam
ic compared to other branches of science.