Spanlsh 3 Ponors CuLllne

ChapLer 3
3.1
-vocabulary
-CulLure
-1o make comparlsons and express Lhe superlauve
-ser + Lan + ad[ecuve + como
-Ll/la/los/las + ms/menos + ad[ecuve + de C8
ad[ecuve+lslmo/a/os/as
-asslve volce wlLh se and lmpersonal se
-Se + verb ln Lhlrd person + reclplenL
-asslve volce wlLh ser
-sub[ecL + ser + pasL paruclple + (por + agenL)
3.2
-vocabulary
-Sub[uncuve wlLh hopes and wlsh
-aconse[ar que, es buena ldea que, es me[or que, esperar que, querer que,
recomendar que, sugerlr que, proponer que, es lmporLanLe que, pedlr que,
declr que, neceslLar que, o[al (que), hace falLa, and es necesarlo que
-lf Lhere ls no que" use lnnluve
-1he pasL perfecL
-cuando, ya, aun no, and Lodavla no
-lmperfecL of haber + asL paruclple
-habla hablamos
hablas hablals
habla hablan
ChapLer 6
6.1
-vocabulary
-CulLure
-lndlcauve aer expresslons of cerLalnLy
-claro que, esLoy seguro(a) (de) que, es clerLo que, me/Le/le/nos/les parece
que, nocabe duda de que, es evldenLe que, es obvlo que, por supuesLo que,
sln duda alguna, esL claro que, esLoy convencldo(a) de que, Lodo el mundo
sabe que
-Sub[uncuve aer expresslons of doubL or dlsbellef
-lf Lhe doubL or dlsbellef refers Lo an evenL LhaL already happened, use Lhe
presenL perfecL sub[uncuve
-dudar que, no es clerLo que, no esLar seguro(a) (de) que, es dudoso que, es
lncrelble que, no esL claro que, es lmposlble que, no puedo creer que, no
creer que, parece menura que
-uses of haber
-Lo express Lhere ls or Lhere are- use hay
-Lo express Lhere was or Lhere were- use hubo or habla
-Lo express Lhere ls or Lhere are ln Lhe sub[uncuve mood- use haya
-Lo express Lhere wlll be- use habr
6.2
-vocabulary
-lndenlLe expresslons
-Amrmauve: algo, algulen, algun, alguno(a), algunos(as), Lamblen, slempre
-negauve: nada, nadle, nlngun, nlnguno(a), nlngunos(as), Lampoco, nunca,
[ams
-nl and o
-musL agree ln gender and number
-Cender nouns
-Mascullne: -a[e, -al, -es, -ln, -ma, compound nounds
-lemlnlne: -dad, -ln, -z, -ls, -le, -umbre
--l, -n, -r can be elLher mascullne or femlnlne
! baLerla: el baLerla = male drummer, la baLerla = bauery, female drummer
! busca: el busca = pager (elecLronlc devlce), la busca = search
! caplLal: el caplLal = nanclal caplLal, la caplLal = caplLal clLy, caplLal leuer
! clera: el clera = cholera, la clera = anger
! coma: el coma = coma, la coma = comma
! comeLa: el comeLa = comeL, la comeLa = klLe
- consonanLe: el consonanLe = rhyme, la consonanLe = consonanL
! corLe: el corLe = cuL, blade, la corLe = courL (law)
! cura: el cura = CaLhollc prlesL, la cura = cure
! delLa: el delLa = delLa (of a rlver), la delLa = delLa (Creek leuer)
! doblez: el doblez = fold, crease, la doblez = double deallng
! edlLorlal: el edlLorlal = edlLorlal (oplnlon arucle), la edlLorlal = publlshlng
buslness
! escucha: el escucha = male senLry or guard, la escucha = female senLry or
guard, Lhe acL of llsLenlng
! nal: el nal = end, la nal = champlonshlp game ln a LournamenL
! frenLe: el frenLe = fronL, la frenLe = forehead
! guardla: el guardla = pollceman, la guardla = proLecuon, cusLody, guard,
pollce force, pollcewoman
! gula: el gula = male gulde , la gula = guldebook, female gulde
! manana: el manana = fuLure, la manana = mornlng
! margen: el margen = margln, la margen = bank (as of a rlver)
! moral: el moral = blackberry bush, la moral = morale, morallLy
! orden: el orden = order (opposlLe of chaos), la orden = rellglous order
! ordenanza: el ordenanza = order (opposlLe of chaos), la ordenanza =
orderly
! papa: el papa = pope, la papa = poLaLo
! parLe: el parLe = documenL, la parLe = poruon
- pendlenLe: el pendlenLe = earrlng, la pendlenLe = slope
! pez: el pez = sh, la pez = Lar or plLch
! pollcla: el pollcla = pollceman, la pollcla = pollce force, pollcewoman
! radlo: el radlo = radlus, radlum, la radlo = radlo (noLe: ln some areas, radlo
ls mascullne ln all uses.)
! Lema: el Lema = sub[ecL, la Lema = obsesslon
! Lermlnal: el Lermlnal = elecLrlcal Lermlnal, la Lermlnal = shlpplng Lermlnal
! LrompeLa: el LrompeLa = male LrumpeLer, la LrompeLa = LrumpeL, female
LrumpeLer
! vlsLa: el vlsLa = male cusLoms omcer, la vlsLa = vlew, female cusLoms omcer
! vocal: el vocal = male commluee member, la vocal = vowel, female
commluee member
-a- or ha- : slngular wlll Lake el
-lndlcauve ln compound senLences
-use sub[uncuve lf maln clause lndlcaLes doubL or denlal
-use lndlcauve lf Lhe maln clause lndlcaLes cerLalnLy or LruLh
-declr, lnformar, anunclar, armar, conLar, and enLerarse: lndlcauve
ChapLer 7
7.1
-vocabulary
-CulLure
-verbs LhaL change meanlng ln Lhe preLerlLe and lmperfecL
-esLar: reLerlLe-was Lhere for a perlod of ume, lmperfecL-was Lhere for an
unspecled amounL of ume
-poder: reLerlLe- was able Lo, lmperfecL-could(posslbly)
-Lener: reLerlLe-had, recleved, lmperfecL- had(ln one's possesslon)
-Lener que: reLerlLe-had Lo (and dld), lmperfecL-had Lo (buL dld noL
necessarlly do lL)
-Crammaucal reexlves
-Me
-1e
-Se
-nos
-Se
-Lo and lo que
-Lo + ad[ecuve
-Lo que + verb
7.2
-vocabulary
-Sub[uncuve aer adverblal con[uncuons
-A menos (de) que
-AnLes de que
-Con Lal (de) que
-Ln caso de que
-ara que
-Sln que
-Sub[uncuve wlLh fuLure acuon
-cuando, duespues de que, en cuanLo, hasLa que, Lan pronLo como
-Sub[uncuve when evenL has noL happened
-lndlcauve when evenL ls hablLual or pasL
-lndlcauve wlLh hablLual or pasL acuon
-cuando, duespues de que, en cuanLo, hasLa que, Lan pronLo como use
lndlcauve
-compleLed acuons
ChapLer 8
8.1
-vocabulary
-CulLure
-verbs wlLh lndlrecL ob[ecL pronouns
-Lo whom or for whom
-molesLar, resulLar, caber, poner, ser, cosLar
-lf sub[ecL ls an lnnluve Lhe verb musL be ln Lhlrd person slngular
-verbs LhaL express Lo become"
-hacerse+ad[ecuve or noun: descrlbes a change where a personal eorL ls
lnvolved
-ponerse+ad[ecuve: descrlbes a change ls physlcal or menLal sLaLe
-volverse+ad[ecuve: can descrlbe a compleLe or permanenL change
-converurse en(en ls an lndlcaLor)+noun: express change
-quedarse +ad[ecuve: for some ldlomauc expresslons and wlLh cerLaln
ad[ecuves such as clego, sordo, and calvo
-llegar a ser + ad[ecuve or noun: expresses Lo become or Lo geL Lo be aer a
serles of evenLs or aer a long ume
-uses of se
-reexlvely
-unlnLenuonal evenLs
-Lo replace le or les
-lmpersonal senLences
-passlve volce
-process" verbs
8.2
-vocabulary
-Condluonal
-la, las, la, lamos, lals, and lan
-probablllLy ln Lhe pasL
-whaL would happen or whaL someone would do
-declr
-asL sub[uncuve wlLh hypoLheucal sLaLemenLs
-a, as, a, amos, als, an: drop Lhe on from Lhlrd person plural and add Lhese
endlngs
-used aer sl
-asL Sub[uncuve
-maln clause: pasL Lense
-subordlnaLe clause: pasL sub[uncuve