(System H) JUVINALL 3-4057 (Equations

Chapter 12 Equations
Shear stress of torsion bar spring

Tr
J
Angular deection for torsion bar spring

TL
JG
(4.3)
Spring rate for torsion bar spring
K
JG
L
Shear stress of torsion bar spring (solid round rod of diameter d)

16T
d
3
Angular deection for torsion bar spring (solid round rod of diameter d)

32TL
d
4
G
(4.4)
Spring rate for torsion bar spring (solid round rod of diameter d)
K
d
4
G
32L
Torsional shear stress for helical coil compression or tension springs made
of solid round wire

Tr
J

16T
d
3

8FD
d
3
(12.1)
Spring index
C
D
d
(12.2)
Wahl factor
K
w

4C 1
4C 4

0.615
C
(12.3)
Transverse shear factor
K
s
1
0.5
C
(12.4)
Corrected torsional shear stress for helical coil compression or tension
springs made of solid round wire (fatigue loading)

8FD
d
3
K
w

8F
d
2
CK
w
(12.5)
(System H) JUVINALL 3-4057 (Equations
Corrected torsional shear stress for helical coil compression or tension
springs made of solid round wire (static loading)

8FD
d
3
K
s

8F
d
2
CK
s
(12.6)
Helical spring deection

8FD
3
N
d
4
G
(12.7)
Spring rate (spring constant or spring scale)
k
F

d
4
G
8D
3
N
, or k
dG
8NC
3
(12.8)
Shear stress to limit long-term set in compression coil springs to less than
2 percent with force F corresponding to spring solid

s
0.45S
u
(ferrouswithout presetting)

s
0.35S
u
(nonferrous and austenitic stainless
without presetting)
(12.9)

s
0.65S
u
(ferrouswith presetting)

s
0.55S
u
(nonferrous and austenitic stainless
with presetting)
Total number of turns for helical compression spring
N
t
N2 (12.10)
Compression spring solid-height (squared and ground ends)
L
S
N
t
d
Natural frequency of spring surge for steel helical coil spring
f
n

13,900d
ND
2
Hz (d and Din inches) (12.11)
f
n

353,000d
ND
2
Hz (d and Din millimeters) (12.11a)
Shear stress in a helical extension spring when coils are just at the verge
of separating

initial
(0.4 to 0.8)
S
u
C
(12.12)
Bending stresses of constant-strength cantilever beam

6FL
bh
2
(12.13)
(Chapter 12 Equations Continued)
(System H) JUVINALL 3-4057 (Equations
Deection of idealized triangular leaf spring

6FL
3
Ebh
3
(12.14)
Spring rate of idealized triangular leaf spring
k
F

Ebh
3
6L
3
(12.15)
Maximum bending stress on the inside of the wire of torsion spring

i
K
i
Mc/I (4.10)
Maximum bending stress for round wire of torsion spring

32Fa
d
3
K
i,round
(12.16)
Maximum bending stress for rectangular wire of torsion spring

6Fa
bh
2
K
i,rect
(12.17)
Angular deection of beam subject to pure bending

ML
EI
(Chapter 12 Equations Continued)