Claremont Gen Plan Biological Report

Biological Resources
Background Report

Claremont General Plan

January 2005

Prepared by:

Cotton/Bridges/Associates
A Division of P&D Consultants, Inc.
800 East Colorado Blvd., Ste. 270
Pasadena, CA 9110

Biological Resources Background Report J anuary 2005
Claremont General Plan
TABLE OF CONTENTS

Introduction.................................................................................................................BR-1

Environmental Setting.................................................................................................BR-1

Regulatory Environment..............................................................................................BR-2

Biological Resources...............................................................................................BR-6

Wildlife Movement Corridors..............................................................................BR-20

Preliminary Natural Resource Issues Relevant to the General Plan..............BR-20

TABLES

BR-1 Special Status Plant Species Identified by the CNDDB
and CNPS Database..............................................................................BR-11
BR-2 Special Status Wildlife Species Identified by the CNDDB
Database................................................................................................BR-14

FIGURES

BR-1 Significant Ecological Areas and Open Space Areas......................................BR-5
BR-2 College Land North of Foothill Boulevard........................................................BR-8
BR-3 Plant Communities and Species from the California Natural
Diversity Database (CNDDB).................................................................BR-10
BR-4 Wildlife Species from the Communities and Species
from the California Natural Diversity Database (CNDDB)......................BR-18

Claremont General Plan BR-1
Introduction

This report describes biological resources within Claremont. The discussion serves as a resource for
updating the General Plan by identifying the potential occurrences of sensitive plant and wildlife species,
and evaluating wildlife use of habitat areas. Identifying and maintaining the ecological integrity of open
space areas within Claremont has been expressed as a high City priority for the General Plan update.

Environmental Setting

Biological resources in Claremont can be found in three areas: the Hillsides, college lands north of
Foothill Boulevard, and the San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds.

Claremonts Hillsides

The majority of Claremonts biological
resources can be found in hillside areas
overlooking the City, including a variety of
plant and animal species. The Claremont
Wilderness Park together with Sycamore
Canyon Park consist of approximately 1,700
acres of undeveloped land in the hillsides
that is used for hiking, mountain biking, and
other passive recreational activities. These
parks also provide habitat for a variety of
animal and plant species.

College Land North of Foothill Boulevard

Although much of the Citys natural
resources exist in the hillsides, the vacant
college owned land on Foothill Boulevard
is an area that has remained undeveloped
for years and contains a variety of plant
species that are native and indigenous to
Southern California. The facility is owned and managed by the Claremont University Consortium (CUC)
for use by The Claremont Colleges. This area encompasses approximately 75 acres bounded by Foothill
Boulevard, Mills Avenue, and the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden. This area is called the North
Campus by CUC and contains land owned by Keck Graduate Institute and land used by Bernard
Biological Field Station. This area is situated on alluvial outwash from the San Gabriel Mountains and
contains remnants of a once widespread Coastal Sage Scrub plant community.
Claremont hillsides and vegetation
Photo Source: Cotton/Bridges/Associates, May 2004.
San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds

The San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds
area is located immediately down stream
of the San Antonio Dam straddling the
Cities of Claremont and Upland and the
Counties of Los Angeles and San
Bernardino. The area currently serves as
a groundwater recharge area into the
Upper Claremont Heights and Canyon
Groundwater Basins. The area is situated
on an alluvial fan at the opening of the
San Antonio Canyon. The concrete-lined
San Antonio Creek bisects the spreading
grounds, which run from the base of the
Dam. Levees scattered throughout the
area assist in spreading storm water and
recharging the groundwater basin. The
site has been disturbed in the past from
water-spreading and mining operations.

Regulatory Environment

The following federal, State and local regulations establish a framework for conservation of Claremonts
biological resources.

Federal Endangered Species Act

The federal Endangered Species Act (FESA), administered by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service
(USFWS), was established to protect wildlife species and habitats from extinction and diminishment.
FESA applies to federally listed species and habitat occupied by federally listed species. FESA Section 9
forbids acts that directly or indirectly harm listed species. Section 9 also prohibits taking of any species of
wildlife or fish listed as endangered. These restrictions apply to all federal agencies and all persons
subject to U.S. jurisdiction. Specifically, Section 9 (16 U.S.C. 1538) identifies prohibited acts related to
endangered species, and prohibits all persons, including federal, State and local governments, from
taking listed species of fish and wildlife, except as specified under the provisions for exemptions (16
U.S.C. 1539). The term "take" is defined as to harass, harm, pursue, hunt, shoot, wound, kill, trap,
capture, or collect, or to attempt to engage in any such conduct (16 U.S.C. 1532[18]).

California Endangered Species Act

The California Endangered Species Act (CESA) (Fish and Game Code, Section 2050 et seq.) generally
parallels the main provisions of FESA and is administered by the California Department of Fish and
Game (CDFG). Under CESA the term "endangered species" is defined as a species of plant, fish, or
wildlife which is "in serious danger of becoming extinct throughout all, or a significant portion of its range"
and is limited to species or subspecies native to California. CESA prohibits the taking of listed species,
except as provided in State law. Specifically, section 2053 of CESA prohibits projects which would
jeopardize the continued existence of any endangered species or threatened species or result in the
destruction or adverse modification of habitat essential to the continued existence of those species, if
there are reasonable and prudent alternatives available consistent with conserving the species or its
habitat which would prevent jeopardy. Any future development or redevelopment in the City that has the
potential to affect wildlife is subject to the restrictions contained in CESA.

California Environmental Quality Act and Guidelines

The California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) was adopted by the State legislature in response to a
public mandate for thorough environmental analysis of projects impacting the environment. The
provisions of the law and environmental review procedures are described in the CEQA statutes (Public
Resources Code, Section 21000 et.seq.) and the CEQA Guidelines (Government Code, Section 15000
et.seq.). Compliance with CEQA will continue to ensure that the environmental impacts associated with
local development projects are appropriately assessed and mitigated.

USFWS and CDFG Regulations

The USFWS and CDFG oversee regulations protecting wildlife resources. Special permits are required
for alteration, dredging, or activity in any lake, stream, or wetland, as well as other activities that may
affect fish and game habitat. Both agencies also regulate impacts to sensitive plant and animal species.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918

The Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA) (16 U.S.C. 703) implements various treaties and conventions
between the U.S., Canada, J apan, Mexico and the former Soviet Union for the protection of migratory
birds. Under the MBTA, the taking, killing or possessing of migratory birds is unlawful, unless expressly
permitted by other federal regulations. The MBTA provides that it is unlawful to pursue, hunt, take,
capture or kill any migratory bird, part, nest, egg or product.

Clean Water Act

Congress passed the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 and the Clean Water Act
(CWA) of 1977 to provide for the restoration and maintenance of the chemical, physical, and biological
integrity of the nations lakes, streams, and coastal waters. Primary authority for the implementation and
enforcement of the CWA (33 U.S.C. 1251) now rests with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA) and to a lesser extent, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). In addition to the measures
authorized before 1972, the CWA implements a variety of programs, including federal effluent limitations
and State water quality standards, permits for the discharge of pollutants and dredged and fill materials
into navigable waters, and enforcement mechanisms. Section 404 of the CWA is the principal federal
program that regulates activities affecting the integrity of wetlands. Section 404 prohibits the discharge of
dredged or fill material in jurisdictional waters of the U.S. unless permitted by USACE under individual
permits, general permits, or unless the discharge is exempt from regulation.

Los Angeles County General Plan

The Los Angeles County General Plan assists Los Angeles County officials in the decision-making
process which affects growth and resources in unincorporated areas adjacent to the Citys jurisdiction.
As mandated by the State, every city and county must adopt and periodically update a comprehensive
long-range general plan for physical development within its jurisdiction. The County General Plan applies
to unincorporated areas adjacent to the City, including the Via Padova area, Palmer Canyon, San Dimas
Canyon, and unincorporated areas surrounding Thompson Creek. This document outlines information
necessary to ensure that such decisions are consistent with the City of Claremont General Plan and Los
Angeles County General Plan.

Sensitive Ecological Areas

Significant Ecological Areas (SEA) are areas designated by Los Angeles County that contain examples of
plants and animals that cumulatively represent biological diversity.

Currently, there are two SEAs within the vicinity of Claremont: San Antonio Canyon Mouth SEA 26 is
within the City boundary, and San Dimas Canyon SEA 25 is located north and northwest of the City
(Figure BR-1). SEA 26 is bounded on the north and west by Claremont Wilderness Park and Angeles
National Forest, on the east by San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds, and on the south by residential
development. SEA 25 is located just outside the City limits on the west in the Angeles National Forest
north of the City and the Marshall Caonyo Park northwest of the City.

The County is currently re-evaluating the extent of SEAs as part of its general plan update program.
Preliminary proposals call for expansion of SEA 26. If the limits of SEA 26 are expanded as proposed it
will include a large portion of the existing SEA 25 and a large portion of hillsides in the northwest part of
the City (see Figure BR-1).

The SEA designation does not have any effect within the City, as it is a tool the County uses to identify
areas which should be looked at more closely when development is proposed. Claremont does not need
this tool, as any proposed development in the hillside would be subject to intense scrutiny, and would be
subject to the Citys hillside policies and regulations which are much more restrictive than the Countys
regulations.

Claremont Hills
Wilderness Park
Sycamore
Canyon
Park
San Dimas Canyon/
San Antonio Wash
San Dimas Canyon/
San Antonio Wash
San Dimas Canyon/
San Antonio Wash
ANGELES NATIONAL FOREST
Significant Ecological Areas
and Open Space Areas
Figure BR-1
C L A R E M O N T G E N E R A L P L A N
Source: Los Angel es County GIS.
0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1 0.125
Miles
Legend
Base Map Features
Claremont City Boundary
Claremont Sphere of Influence
Significant Ecological Areas (SEA)
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
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C
r
e
e
k
Existing Significant Ecological Area
City of Claremont Wilderness Parks
Wilderness Parks
Acquisition Parcels (future wilderness park)
Angeles National Forest
Proposed Significant Ecological Area (as of July 2004)
Claremont City Council approved acqusition of these parcels.
Biological Resources

Certain biological resources on vacant lands and dedicated
open space properties within the City are considered
unique, of relatively limited distribution, and of particular
value to the ecological integrity of the region. These
properties support a high diversity of plant and wildlife
species due to the topographic complexity of the area,
relatively undisturbed conditions, plant communities which
provide cover and foraging opportunities for wildlife, riparian
corridors for migratory birds, and canyon bottoms which
serve as wildlife corridors linking adjacent open space
areas. Public lands contain such areas as Claremont
Wilderness Park, San Antonio Dam Spreading Grounds,
and the adjacent Marshall Canyon Regional Park and
Angeles National Forest.


The hillsides area can be characterized by southern oak
woodlands, intermittent headwater streams, grassland, and
sub-associations of Coastal Sage Scrub. The variability of terrain, vegetation communities and adjacent
open space areas within the Claremont Hillsides provide a variety of site conditions that are suitable for
wildlife species. Non-native grasses and other exotic flora persist on some areas in the hillsides due to
the impacts of past ranching operations.

Preserving open space areas is ecologically important to maintain wildlife corridors that extend into
adjacent open space areas and plant communities which provide suitable habitat for common, sensitive,
threatened and endangered species. The Claremont hillsides consist of the Claremont Wilderness Park
J ohnsons Pasture, and rugged open space areas and is adjacent to the Angeles National Forest and
Marshal Canyon Regional Park. Connectivity throughout the hillside areas greatly increases the long
term viability of wildlife by providing habitat for shelter, nesting, and foraging opportunities and by
reducing the edge effect created by adjacent development. Relatively undisturbed areas within these
designated open space areas potentially allow for the presence of several special status plants and
sensitive plant communities. Additionally, this large open space area protects the watershed, airshed,
and adds aesthetic value to the community.

Plant species located within Claremonts hillsides and adjacent open space areas include the following:

Bigcone Spruce Canyon Forest
This plant community is an open to dense forest dominated by bigcone spruce (which can reach heights
of 50 to 80 feet. It is found on canyon sides at elevations generally above 2,500 feet where it occupies
rocky substrates. It commonly occurs in fairly small enclaves within chaparral.

White Alder Riparian Forest
The white alder riparian forest plant community is dominated by white alder which reaches heights of 30
to 40 feet over a shrub understory. The community typically grows along streams in bedrock-constrained,
steep-sided canyons, resulting in narrow riparian corridors.

Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub
This shrub community is characterized by harsh substrates subject to episodic flooding and scouring. It is
generally restricted to broad canyon outwashes, or alluvial washes and often forms open shrub
vegetation within areas of bare, scoured ground. Scale-broom is a shrub species that is found most often
on alluvial spoils associated with drainages. Other common shrub species of this plant community
include sagebrush, California buckwheat, chamise, brittlebush, hairy yerba santa, sugarbush, and birch-
leaved mountain mahogany. The San Antonio Spreading Grounds is made up of in Alluvial Fan Sage
Scrub.

Oak Woodland
Oak woodland plant communities are dominated by several species of oak trees and include coast live
oaks that typically grow to heights of 20 to 50 feet. Oak woodland often includes the smaller interior live
oak and canyon oak. This plant community can form either closed or open tree canopies. Understory
vegetation varies from grassland in level areas to shrubs in areas where topography is steeper. This
plant community is most prevalent on north-facing slopes and in drainage bottoms.

Oak Riparian Forest
This riparian plant community is dominated by coast live oaks and canyon oaks. The primary difference
between oak woodland and oak riparian forest is the greater availability of water, which results in a
denser tree canopy cover and higher density of trees with an understory of hydrophytic vegetation.
Typical riparian trees, such as western sycamore and willows, are occasionally a part of this plant
community. Oak riparian forest is best developed within broader, more level gradient drainages.

Walnut Woodland
The walnut woodland plant community often integrates with oak dominated woodlands or can develop as
monotypic stands. This plant community is dominated by California walnut trees that grow 10 to 30 feet
high.

Southern Willow Scrub
The southern willow scrub plant community is found along drainages. This plant community is dominated
by species of willow which form dense, nearly monotypic stands. These stands typically reach 10 to 20
feet in height with little understory vegetation.

Scrub Oak Chaparral
Scrub oak chaparral is a dense evergreen plant community dominated by scrub oak and common
chamise. Scrub oak chaparral is more adapted to moist habitat areas than many chaparrals and often
occurs at slightly higher elevations. This plant community is predominantly located on north-facing slopes
and includes other native species such as buck brush, California buckwheat, black sage, and spiny
redberry.

Chamise Chaparral
Chamise chaparral is dominated by common chamise and buck brush. Mature stands of chamise chaparral
form a dense plant cover and can reach heights of approximately three to nine feet. Similar to scrub oak
chaparral, chamise chaparral is predominantly located on north-facing slopes. Other native species present
in this community include holly-leaved redberry, toyon, birch-leaved mountain mahogany, and manzanita.

Coastal Sage Scrub
Coastal sage scrub is an open-structured plant community composed of low shrubs that most actively
grow in winter and spring, and includes many plant species that are summer deciduous. Plant species
diversity in this community is typically high. Dominant plant species within this plant community include
several species of sage, prickly pear, California buckwheat, brittlebush, yucca, laurel sumac, and sugar
bush.

Non-Native Grasslands
This plant community is dominated by non-native annual grasses and forbs, non-native trees, and other
larger shrubs. These opportunistic species include brome grasses, wild oats, and mustards.
College Land North of Foothill Boulevard

The college land north of Foothill Boulevard has ecological value by providing conditions to support a
variety of plant communities and habitat conditions suitable for some threatened, endangered, and
special status plant and animal species. Some naturally occurring plant communities are located on the
site. However, several plant communities and habitat conditions (i.e., fresh water marshes and vernal
pools) have been artificially created to support some special status species. Several such species have
been introduced and cultivated within these artificially created habitats. Because of its relative isolation
and lack of connectivity to adjacent open space areas, this area does not provide suitable habitat to be
used as a wildlife corridor by larger mammal species, but may provide a movement corridor for migrating
birds. Regardless of the artificially created or naturally occurring habitat at the Field Station this area
provides a variety of shelter and foraging opportunities for many plant and animal species.

As shown in Figure BR-2, current vegetation communities within
the college owned land include Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage
Brush, Oak Riparian Forest, Coastal Sage Scrub, and Non-
native grass lands (see previous descriptions of these species
in section on Claremonts Hillsides). Exotic plant species are
also being grown onsite. In addition, several artificial vernal
pools provide habitat for fairy shrimp (primarily Branchinecta
lindahli) and support developing tadpoles of Western Toad
(Bufo borea). A small lake, known as "pHake Lake", was
constructed in 1978 to provide a study site for aquatic biology.
The lake consists of a 1/2-acre marshy habitat about 6 feet
deep and a 1-acre pond about 20 feet deep.
1


Alluvial fan sage scrub is the dominant plant species within the
spreading grounds. Alluvial scrub is considered a distinct and
rare plant community found primarily on alluvial fans and in
floodplains. This relatively open vegetation type is adapted to
periodic flooding and erosion and is comprised of an assortment
of drought-deciduous shrubs and larger evergreen woody
shrubs characteristic of both coastal sage scrub and chaparral
communities.

1
Nancy Hamlett, J uly 2004. (http://bfs.claremont.edu)
Figure BR-2: College Land North of
Foothill Boulevard
Image Source: Nancy Hamlett, J uly 2004.
(http://bfs.claremont.edu/maps.html)

Riversidian
Alluvial Fan
Sage Scrub
Coastal Sage Scrub
Non-native
Grassland

Exotic
Recovering
Coastal Sage
Scrub
Suitable habitat is present within the spreading grounds for four State and federally listed as threatened
or endangered including the California Gnatcatcher, San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat, Arroyo Toad, and
Nevins Barberry.

Sensitive Biological Resources

Plant or wildlife species may be considered special status due to declining populations, vulnerability to
habitat change, or restricted distributions. Special status species are those that have been listed as
Threatened or Endangered under FESA or CESA, or are of concern to State or federal resource
agencies, or private conservation organizations. Special status Threatened or Endangered and California
Native Plant Society List (CNPS) 1B plants, and Threatened or Endangered wildlife species with potential
to occur within the Citys open space area and its immediate vicinity are discussed below. The
occurrence of sensitive biological resources within the Citys open space areas and its immediate vicinity
has been identified based on a search of the California Natural Diversity Data Base (CNDDB 2004). Mt.
Baldy, Glendora, San Dimas, Ontario, and Cucamonga Peak USGS quadrangles were used to identify
sensitive biological resources within the Citys open space areas and immediate vicinity.

In unincorporated areas, additional species, such as oak trees or landmark trees (i.e. windrows) are
protected under the Los Angeles County Oak Tree Ordinance (Oak Tree Retention and Replacement
Ordinance 22.56). Trees protected under local ordinances are not discussed in detail or included in
tables within this report. Currently there are no tree protection ordinances in Claremont.

Sensitive Plant Species

Sensitive plant species identified in the database search as potentially occurring in the Citys open space
area and the immediate vicinity and listed as Threatened or Endangered by the USFWS, CDFG, and CNPS
List 1B listed plants are plotted in Figure BR-3 and listed in Table BR-1. A brief description of Threatened
and Endangered species follows the table.
San
Antonio
Spreading
Ground
many-stemmed
dudleya
intermediate
mariposa lily
mesa
horkelia
Salt Spring
checkerbloom
Riversidian
Alluvial Fan
Sage Scrub
Plummer's
mariposa lily
Southern Sycamore
Alder Riparian
Woodland
Southern Coast
Live Oak
Riparian Forest
Nevin's
barberry
Plummer's
mariposa lily
Parry's
spineflower
Plummer's
mariposa lily
slender
mariposa lily
Plummer's
mariposa lily
many-stemmed
dudleya
Plummer's
mariposa lily
STATE HWY 66
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Plant Species and Communities
from the CNDDB
Figure BR-3
Source: California Department of Fish and Game's Habitat Conservation Division.
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.15
Miles
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San Antoni o
Dam
Plant Communities
Southern Coast Live Oak Riparian Forest
Southern Sycamore Alder Riparian Woodland
Canyon Live Oak Ravine Forest
Riversidian Alluvial Fan Sage Scrub
Plant Species
Nevin's barberry
Parry's spineflower
Plummer's marisposa lily
Salt Spring checkerbloom
Intermediate mariposa lily
many-stemmed dudleya
mesa horkelia
slender mariposa lily

TABLE BR-1
SPECIAL STATUS PLANT SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURRING
IN CLAREMONT AND SURROUNDING AREAS

STATUS
SPECIES
USFWS CDFG CNPS
HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Aster greatae
Greatas aster
__ __
LIST
1B
Perennial herb (rhizomatous) found in broad
leaved upland forests, chaparral, cismontane
woodland, lower montane coniferous forest,
riparian woodland/mesic; 1,000 to 6,600 feet
in elevation. Known from Los Angeles
County.
Atriplex serenana var. davidsonii
Davidsons saltscale
__ __
LIST
1B
Annual herb found on alkaline soils in coastal
bluff scrub, coastal sage scrub, typically 30 to
650 feet in elevation; Los Angeles, Orange,
Riverside, Santa Barbara, and Ventura
Counties, Channel Islands, and Baja
California.
Berberis nevinii
Nevins barberry
FE SE
LIST
1B
Sandy and gravelly soils at margins of dry
washes; coarse soils in chaparral; typically
900 to 2,000 feet in elevation; Los Angeles,
San Bernardino, Riverside, and San Diego
Counties; known from about 15 locations.
Brodiaea filifolia
Thread-leaved brodiaea
FT SE
LIST
1B
Clay soils; open grasslands at edges of vernal
pools or floodplains. Sea level to 2,500 feet in
elevation. Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside,
and San Diego Counties; known from about
20 locations.
Calochortus clavatus var. gracilis
Slender mariposa lily
__ __
LIST
1B
Shaded foothill canyons in areas of alluvial fan
sage scrub and chaparral; typically below
3,000 feet in elevation; known only from San
Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles and San
Bernardino Counties.
Calochortus plummerae
Plummers mariposa lily
__ __
LIST
1B
Dry, rocky places, often in brush, below 5,000
feet in elevation. Usually on granitic soils,
Found in grassland, chaparral, coastal sage
scrub, yellow pine forest. Santa Monica
Mountains to San J acinto Mountains.
Riverside, San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and
Ventura Counties.
Calochortus weedii var.
Intermedius
Intermediate mariposa lily
__ __
LIST
1B
Rocky areas in hills with annual grassland and
coastal sage scrub. Below 2,000 feet in
elevation; Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside
Counties.
Centromadia pungens ssp. laevis
Smooth tarplant
__ __
LIST
1B
Alkaline areas in chenopod scrub, meadows,
playas, riparian woodland, valley and foothill
grassland; below 2,000 feet in elevation.
Known from Riverside and San Bernardino
Counties, extirpated from San Diego County.
Chorizanthe parryi var. parryi
Parrys spineflower
__ __
LIST
3
Annual herb of sandy or rocky openings in
chaparral, coastal sage scrub at 130 to 5,600
feet in elevation. Riverside and San
Bernardino Counties and possibly extending
into Los Angeles County.
TABLE BR-1

STATUS
SPECIES
USFWS CDFG CNPS
Claytonia lanceolata var.
peirsonii
Peirsons spring beauty
__ __
LIST
1B
Subspecies known only from San Bernardino
County in sub-alpine and upper montane
coniferous forest of the San Gabriel
Mountains; gravelly soils; 7,000-9,000 feet in
elevation.
Dudleya densiflora
San Gabriel Mountains
dudleya
__ __
LIST
1B
Found in granitic soils, on cliffs, and canyon
walls in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and
lower montane coniferous forest, 1,000 to
1,700 feet in elevation. Known from
approximately 5 occurrences.
Dudleya multicaulis
Many-stemmed dudleya
__ __
LIST
1B
Often on clay soils also around granitic
outcrops in chaparral, coastal sage scrub, and
grassland below 2,500 feet in elevation. Los
Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino,
and San Diego Counties.
Erioganum microthecum var.
johnstonii
J ohnstons buckwheat
__ __
LIST
1B
Upper montane and subalpine coniferous
forest of the San Gabriel Mountains, 7,000 to
9,000 feet in elevation.
Horkelia cuneata ssp. puberula
Mesa horkelia
__ __
LIST
1B
Sandy or gravelly soils in chaparral, or rarely
in cismontane woodland or coastal sage
scrub; 230 to 2,700 feet in elevation. Known
from San Luis Obispo, Santa Barbara, Los
Angeles, and Orange Counties. Believed
extirpated from Ventura, San Bernardino,
Riverside, and San Diego Counties.
Lepidium virginicum var.
robinsonii
Robinsons pepper-grass
__ __
LIST
1B

Coastal sage scrub and chaparral with dry
soils below 1,700 feet in elevation. Los
Angeles Counties to Baja California and Santa
Cruz Island.
Lilium parryi
Lemon lily
__ __
LIST
1B
Meadows and streams of montane coniferous
forests; transverse and peninsular ranges
from southern California; also known from
Arizona; 4,000 to 7,500 feet in elevation.
Linanthus concinnus
San Gabriel linathus
__ __
LIST
1B
Annual herb associated with lower and upper
montane coniferous forest; found on dry rocky
slopes, often in J effrey pine, canyon oak
forest; 5,500 to 9,200 feet in elevation. Known
only from Los Angeles and San Bernardino
Counties.
Monardella macrantha ssp.
hallii
Halls monardella
__ __
LIST
1B
Chaparral, woodlands, and coniferous forest;
coastal and mountain slopes of Orange,
Riverside, San Diego, and San Bernardino
Counties. 2,300 to 7,300 feet in elevation.
Navarretia prostate
Prostrate navarretia
__ __
LIST
1B
Vernal pools in coastal sage scrub or valley
and foothill grassland (alkaline) of Los
Angeles, Merced, Monterey, Orange,
Riverside, San Diego and possibly San
Bernardino Counties; 50 to 2,300 feet in
elevation.
TABLE BR-1

STATUS
SPECIES
USFWS CDFG CNPS
Oreonana vestita
Woolly mountain-parsley
__ __
LIST
1B
Perennial herb founding scree in subalpine
conifer forests, upper montane conifer forests;
7,400 to 11,500 feet in elevation. Distributed
in Los Angeles and San Bernardino Counties.
Orobanche valida ssp. valida
Rock Creek broomrape
__ __
LIST
1B
Parasitic perennial herb found on various
chaparral shrubs. Found in granitic soils of
chaparral, pinyon, and juniper woodland;
4,100 to 6,600 feet in elevation. Known from
only three occurrences in Los Angels and
Ventura Counties.
Senecio aphanactis
Rayles ragwort
__ __
LIST
2
Annual herb found in alkaline soils at 50 to
2,600 feet in elevation in chaparral,
cismontane woodland, coastal sage scrub in
California and Baja California.
Sidalcea neomexicana
Salt spring checkerbloom
__ __
LIST
2
Alkaline springs and marshes, in areas of
coastal sage scrub, chaparral, coniferous
forest, desert scrub; typically below 4,500 feet
in elevation; southwestern U.S.
Notes:
Federal (USFWS) State (CDFG)
FE Endangered SE Endangered

California Native Plant Society (CNPS)
List 1B Plants are considered by the CNPS to be rare, Threatened, or Endangered in California and elsewhere.
List 2 Plants considered by CNPS to be rare, threatened, or endangered in California but more common elsewhere.
List 3 Plants for which more information is needed.

Nevins Barberry
Nevins barberry is a federally listed Endangered, State-listed Endangered, and a CNPS List 1B plant
species. This species is endemic to southwestern cismontane Southern California. It occurs in restricted
localized populations from the interior foothills of the San Gabriel Mountains of Los Angeles County and
San Bernardino County southeast to near the foothills of the Agua Tibia Mountains in southwestern
Riverside County, from 900 to 2,000 feet mean sea level (msl) in elevation. The Nevins Barberry has the
potential for occurring in the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground. Suitable habitat (chaparral) is located
there for this species.
2
This plant species has been observed on the college land north of Foothill
Boulevard, but it is assumed the plant has been introduced from the Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden
and is therefore not considered sensitive.
3

Thread-leaved Brodiaea
Thread-leaved brodiaea is a federally listed Threatened, State-listed Endangered, and CNPS List 1B
plant species. This species typically blooms between March and J une. It is a bulbiferous perennial herb
found in Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego counties. This species
typically occurs on gentle hillsides, valleys, and floodplains in semi-alkaline mudflats, vernal pools, mesic
southern needlegrass grassland, mixed grassland, and alkali grassland vegetation types in association

2
LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water Conservation
Improvement Project. March 2004.
3
Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master
Plan. March 1999.
with clay or alkaline silty-clay soils. The Thread-leaved brodiaea is absent from the San Antonio Wash
Spreading Ground and the college land north of Foothill Boulevard because clay soils are not present for
this species.
4

Sensitive Wildlife Species

Special status wildlife species identified in the database search as potentially occurring within Claremont
and listed as Threatened or Endangered by the USFWS and CDFG are listed in Table BR-2 and plotted
in Figure BR-4. A brief description of Threatened and Endangered species follows the table.

TABLE BR-2
SPECIAL STATUS WILDLIFE SPECIES POTENTIALLY OCCURING IN CLAREMONT

STATUS
SPECIES USFWS CDFG HABITAT AND DISTRIBUTION
Insects
Incisalia mossii hidakupa
San Gabriel Mountains elfin butterfly
__ __
Found in San Gabriel and San Bernardino
mountains at elevations between 3,000 to 5,500
feet. Food plant is Sedum spathulfolium which
has a type locality found in southern mixed
evergreen forest.
Rhaphiomidas terminatus abdominalis
Delhi Sands flower-loving fly
FE __
Found only in areas of the Delhi Sands formation
in southwestern San Bernardino and
northwestern Riverside Counties. Requires fine,
sandy soils, often with wholly or partly
consolidated dunes and sparse vegetation.
Fish
Catostomus santannae
Santa Ana sucker
FT CSC
Historical range included the Los Angeles, San
Gabriel, and Santa Ana River systems in
Southern California. An introduced population
occurs in the Santa Clara River drainage in
Southern California. Found in shallow, cool,
running water.
Gila orcutti
Arroyo chub
__
CSC
Perennial streams or intermittent streams with
permanent pools; slow water sections of streams
with mud or sand substrates; spawning occurs in
pools. Native to Los Angeles, San Gabriel, San
Luis Rey, Santa Ana, and Santa Margarita River
systems. Introduced in Santa Ynez, Santa Maria,
Cuyama, and Mojave river systems and smaller
coastal streams.
Rhinichthys osculus
Santa Ana speckled dace

__
CSC
Found in the headwaters of the Santa Ana and
San Gabriel River system. Found in riffles in
small streams and shore areas with abundant
gravel and rock.

4
Improvement Project. March 2004; Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the
Claremont Colleges North Campus Master Plan. March 1999.
TABLE BR-2

STATUS
Amphibians
Batrachoseps gabrieli
San Gabriel slender salamander
__ __
Found under rocks, wood, fern fronds and on soil
at the base of talus slopes. This salamander is
most active on the surface in winter and early
spring. Known only from the San Gabriel
Mountains.
Bufo microscaphus californicus
Arroyo toad
FE CSC
Washes and arroyos with open water; sand or
gravel beds; for breeding, pools with sparse
overstory vegetation. Found coastally and in a
few desert streams from Santa Barbara County
to Baja California.
Rana muscosa
Mountain yellow-legged frog
FE CSC
Ponds, lakes, and streams at moderate to high
elevations; appears to prefer bodies of water with
open margins and gently sloping bottom. Sierra
Nevada Mountains and Transverse Ranges.
Taricha torosa torosa
Coast range newt
__ CSC
Breeds in ponds, reservoirs, and slow-moving
streams; uses nearby upland areas including
grassland, chaparral, and woodland; coastal
drainages from Mendocino County south to San
Diego County, with populations from San Luis
Obispo County south designated as sensitive.
Reptiles
Aspidoscelis tigris stejnegeri
Coastal western whiptail
__ __
Found in deserts and semiarid areas with sparse
vegetation and open areas, also found in
woodland and riparian areas.
Clemmys marmorata pallida
Southwestern pond turtle
__ CSC
Permanent or nearly permanent water in a wide
variety of habitat types; marshes, sloughs, ponds,
slow moving streams; requires basking sites such
as partially submerged logs, rocks, or open mud
banks. Occurs in most Pacific slope drainages
below 4,500 feet elevation.
Phrynosoma coronatum blainvillei
San Diego horned lizard
__ CSC
Wide variety of habitats including coastal sage
scrub, grassland, riparian woodland; typically on
or near loose sandy soils; coastal and inland
areas form Ventura County to Baja California.
Thamnophis hammondii hammondii
Two-striped garter snake
__ SA
Highly aquatic. Only in or near permanent
sources of water. Streams with rocky beds
supporting willows or other riparian vegetation.
From Monterey County to northwest Baja
California.
Birds
Aimophila ruficep scanescens
Southern California rufous-crowned
sparrow
__ CSC
Rocky, brushy hillsides and canyons. Usually in
pairs. More often heard than seen.
Athene cunicularia
Western burrowing owl
__ CSC
Grasslands and rangelands, usually occupying
ground squirrel burrows. Resident over most of
southern California. Found in agricultural areas,
fallow fields, canal banks, road sides.
TABLE BR-2

STATUS
Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus cousei
Coastal cactus wren
__ CSC
Obligate, non-migratory resident of coastal sage
scrub and occurs almost exclusively in thickets of
cholla (Opuntia prolifera) and prickly pear
(Opuntia littoralis and Opuntia oricola); limited to
regions with thorny shrubs and trees that offer
nesting sites on mesas and lower slopes of coast
ranges below 1,500 feet in elevation. Found in
cismontane southern California from southern
Ventura County to northwestern Baja California.
Coccyzus americanus occidentalis
Western yellow-billed cuckoo
C SE
Breeds and nests in extensive stands of dense
cottonwood/willow riparian forest along broad,
lower flood bottoms of larger river systems. Vary
rare and local in California.
Cypseloides niger
Black swift
__ CSC
Most frequently seen in the air feeding on tiny
airborne insects near cliffs in mountainous
regions; occasionally coastal. Nests in crevices
in deep canyon cliffs near waterfalls or in sea
cliffs. In California, breeds very locally in the
Sierra Nevada and Cascade Range, the San
Gabriel, San Bernardino, and San J acinto
Mountains, and in coastal bluffs and mountains
from San Mateo County south to San Luis
Obispo County.
Polioptila californica californica
Coastal California gnatcatcher
FT CSC
Occurs in coastal sage scrub; occurs only in
cismontane southwestern California and Baja
California in low-lying foothills and valleys.
Mammals
Eumpos perotis californicus
California mastiff bat
__ CSC
Occurs in many open, semi-arid to arid habitats,
including conifer and deciduous woodlands,
coastal sage scrub, grasslands, chaparral, etc.;
roosts in crevices in vertical cliff faces, high
buildings, trees, and tunnels.
Dipodomys merriami
San Bernardino kangaroo rat
FE CSC
Gravelly and sandy soils of alluvial fans, braided
river channels, active channels and sandy terraces;
San Bernardino Valley/County and San J acinto
Valley.
Neotoma lepida intermedia
San Diego desert woodrat
__ CSC
Occurs in coastal sage scrub and chaparral, most
commonly associated with rock outcrops and
rocky cliffs and slopes. Found in coastal
southern California from San Diego County to
San Luis Obispo County.
Perognathus longimembris brevinasus
Los Angeles pocket mouse
__ CSC
Prefers sandy soil for burrowing, but has been
found on gravel washes and stony soils. Found in
coastal sage scrub in Los Angeles, Riverside, and
San Bernardino Counties.
Ovis canadensis nelsoni
Nelsons bighorn sheep
__ SA
Occurs in open, rocky step areas with available
water and herbaceous forages; widely distributed
form the White Mountains in Mono County to the
Chocolate Mountains in Imperial County.
Lynx rufus
Bobcat

__ __
Occurs in almost every terrestrial habitat type from
deserts to swamps to mountains. Opportunistic in
their choice of prey. Widespread throughout
California.
TABLE BR-2

STATUS
Puma concolor
Mountain lion

__ CFP
Primarily in forested or brushy areas with abundant
cover; avoids open areas and visual exposure.
Most widely ranging land mammal in western
hemisphere from northern Canada south to
Patagonia, South America. Widespread
throughout California
Notes:
Federal (USFWS) State (CDFG)
FE Endangered SE Endangered
FT Threatened ST Threatened
C Candidate for listing. CSC California Species of Special Concern
SA Special Animal. Refers to taxa of concern to the CNDDB
CFP California Fully Protected Species

Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly
The Delhi Sand flower-loving fly is a federally listed Endangered species. This species is endemic to the
Colton Dunes in areas that contain suitable conditions for the subterranean early stages of development,
and contain adult nectar sources, breeding, and perching areas. The flight season for the Delhi Sands
flower-loving fly extends from early August to early September. The adults are active during the warmest
portions of the day during periods of direct sunlight. Areas containing sandy substrates with a sparse
cover of perennial shrubs and other vegetation constitute the primary habitat requirement for this species.
The Delhi Sands Flower-loving Fly is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because
suitable habitat (alkaline springs and marshes) is not present for this species.
5

Santa Ana Sucker
The Santa Ana sucker is a federally listed Threatened species and a State-listed Species of Special Concern.
These fish live in small, shallow streams, less than 25 feet in width, in currents ranging from swift in canyons
to sluggish in bottom lands. They are found in areas with a permanent water source ranging in depth from a
few inches to a foot or more. Preferred substrates are coarse and consistent gravel, rubble, and boulders
with growths of filamentous algae. The Santa Ana Sucker is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading
Ground because suitable habitat is not present for this species.
6

Arroyo Toad
The arroyo toad is a federally listed Endangered species and a State-listed Species of Special Concern.
The arroyo toad is restricted to rivers with shallow, gravelly pools adjacent to sandy terraces. It forages
on sandy terraces, often with complete canopy coverage by cottonwoods or willows. Adults excavate
shallow burrows on terraces where they shelter during the day and during the dry season. This species
historically occurred from San Luis Obispo to San Diego counties along most major rivers, and is
currently restricted to very small remnant populations in the National Forests. The Arroyo Toad has the
potential to occur on the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because marginal habitat (concrete pools)
is present for this species.
7

5
6
Ibid.
7
Ibid.
San
Antonio
Spreading
Ground
Coast
Range newt
coastal
California
gnatcatcher
STATE HWY 66
ARROW HWY
N

M
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S

A
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W 8TH ST
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H
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SAN BERNARDINO ST
SAN BERNARDINO AVE
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W6THST
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P
Coast (San Diego)
horned lizard
California Gnatcatcher
Critial Habitat
coastal
California gnatcatcher
San Diego
desert woodrat
Coast
Range newt
Wildlife Species from the CNDDB and
Gnatcatcher Critical Habitat
Figure BR-4
Source: California Department of Fish and Game's Habitat Conservation Division.
0 0.3 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.15
Miles
T
h
o
m
p
s
o
n

C
r
e
e
k
S
a
n

A
n
t
o
n
i
o

C
r
e
e
k
San Antoni o
Dam
California Gnatcatcher Critical
Habitat (2000)
Ani mal Species
Coast (San Diego) horned lizard
Coast Range newt
San Diego desert woodrat
coastal California gnatcatcher
Critical Habitat
Mountain Yellow-legged Frog
The mountain yellow-legged frog is federally Endangered and a State-listed Species of Special Concern.
Suitable habitat for the mountain yellow-legged frog includes portions of streams and other water bodies
that contain year-round quantities of cool water in montane and riparian habitats above 1,200 msl. The
Mountain Yellow-legged Frog is absent from the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground because suitable
habitat (ponds at moderate to high elevations with open margins) is not present for this species.
8
The
frog is also expected to occur in the proper season or habitat in the Claremont hillsides.
9

Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo
The western yellow-billed cuckoo is a State-listed Endangered species. Formerly a rare summer resident,
this species is now extirpated from much of Southern California. For breeding, western yellow-billed cuckoos
are restricted to extensive deciduous riparian thickets or forest with dense, low-level understory foliage that
occurs along slow-moving watercourses, backwaters, or seeps. Willows are almost always a dominant
component of western yellow-billed cuckoo nesting habitat. The USFWS has listed the yellow-billed cuckoo
as a candidate species, meaning sufficient information on biological vulnerability and threats exists to support
proposals to list them as endangered or threatened, but issuance of proposed rules is precluded by other
higher priority listing actions. The Western Yellow-billed Cuckoo is absent from the San Antonio Wash
Spreading Ground because suitable habitat (dense cottonwood/willow riparian forest) is not present for
this species.
10
The college land north of Foothill Boulevard does contain dense cottonwood/willow
riparian forest, but no observations of this species has documented.
11

Coastal California Gnatcatcher
The coastal California gnatcatcher (gnatcatcher) is federally listed as Threatened and is a State-listed
Species of Special Concern. The gnatcatcher occurs in most of Baja California's arid regions but is
extremely localized in the U.S. where it predominantly occurs in coastal regions of highly urbanized Los
Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Diego, and San Bernardino counties (Atwood 1992). In California, this
species is an obligate resident of several distinct sub-associations of coastal sage scrub vegetation type.
Brood parasitism by brown-headed cowbirds and loss of habitat to urban development have been cited as
causes of the gnatcatcher population decline (Unitt 1984; Atwood 1990). On October 24, 2000, the
USFWS published a Final Rule that designated critical habitat for the gnatcatcher (USFWS October 24,
2000). In April 2003, the USFWS published a Proposed Rule re-evaluating the boundaries of gnatcatcher
critical habitat and increased the critical habitat area to 495,795 acres (USFWS May 24, 2003). These
lands encompass portions of Ventura, Los Angeles, San Bernardino, Riverside, Orange, and San Diego
Counties. A portion of Claremonts hillside areas lie inside of the designated critical habitat area for the
gnatcatcher, as shown in Figure BR-4.

The Coastal California Gnatcatcher has the potential to be found on San Antonio Wash Spreading
Ground and the college land north of Foothill Boulevard because suitable habitat (coastal sage scrub) is
present for this species. The Coastal California Gnatcatcher has been observed on the college land north
of Foothill Boulevard.
12

San Bernardino Kangaroo Rat
The San Bernardino kangaroo rat (SBKR) is a federally listed Endangered species and a State-listed
Species of Special Concern. It is one of 19 recognized subspecies of Merriam's kangaroo rat
(Dipodomys merriami) and is widely distributed throughout arid regions of the western U.S. and

8
9
Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont Ecological
Reserve. September 2002.
10
11
Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North Campus Master
Plan. March 1999.
12
Ibid.
northwestern Mexico. From the early 1880s to the early 1930s, the SBKR was a common resident of the
San Bernardino and San J acinto Valleys of Southern California. Within this range, the SBKR was known
from over 25 localities. SBKR has since declined precipitously for a variety of reasons; most prevalently
from loss of habitat. SBKR is associated with a variety of coastal sage scrub vegetation. As in most
heteromyids, soil texture is a primary factor in determining species distribution. SBKR is found primarily
on sandy loam substrates, characteristic of alluvial fans and flood plains, where they are able to dig
simple, shallow burrows. Critical habitat for SBKR was designated in April 2002 (USFWS April 2002).
Critical habitat for SBKR is only designated within Riverside and San Bernardino counties. The San
Bernardino Kangaroo Rat has the potential to occur on the San Antonio Wash Spreading Ground
because marginal habitat (gravely soils of alluvial fan) is present for this species.
13
The rat is also
expected to occur in the proper season or habitat in the Claremont hillsides.
14

Wildlife Movement Corridors

Wildlife movement corridors link together areas of suitable wildlife habitat that are otherwise separated by
rugged terrain, changes in vegetation, or human disturbance. In the absence of habitat linkages allowing
movement to adjoining open space areas, larger and more mobile mammal species will not likely persist
over time in fragmented or isolated habitat areas (Harris and Gallagher, 1989).

Wildlife populations within the vicinity of Claremont are diverse and abundant due to the regions
physiographic diversity and its designated open space area in the hillsides. The hillside open space area
is directly adjacent to Marshall Canyon Regional Park and the Angeles National Forest. Wildlife
movement in this region occurs across the flanks of the foothills and lower mountains. The extreme
intervening topography of these open space areas allows wildlife movement through the many sizeable
drainage courses, across ridgelines, through canyons, and within riparian habitat areas. Given its
location and isolation/fragmentation, the college land north of Foothill Boulevard has low potential to
function as a wildlife movement corridor.

Preliminary Biological Resource Issues Relevant to
the General Plan

Since initiation of the 2004 General Plan update program, interviews with City staff, decision-makers,
commissions, stakeholders, and others have resulted in identification of the following preliminary
biological resource issues to be considered in the update process. This is not a comprehensive
discussion, as the City anticipates that additional comments will be raised throughout the program.

Loss of Vegetation and Wildlife Habitat

The potential development of hillside property, such as J ohnsons Pasture, could potentially result in loss
of native vegetation and wildlife habitat. Such loss of open space could also lead to habitat fragmentation
for wildlife species. If development were to occur on J ohnsons Pasture, what mitigation should be
introduced to replace loss of native plant species? What design characteristics should be implemented to
avoid creating barriers to wildlife movement corridors?

College Land North of Foothill

13
14
Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont
Ecological Reserve. September 2002.
Under ownership of the Claremont University Consortium (CUC), the vacant land north of Foothill west of
Mills is currently used as an academic resource area for The Claremont Colleges. The land was donated
to the Colleges for establishment of new educational institutions. However, some members of the
Colleges community and Claremont residents as well have expressed a desire to keep the area
permanent open space. Any potential development on this site would be subject to review under CEQA.
References

Boyd, Steven D. 1990. Biological Studies to be Incorporated into an Environmental Impact Report for the
150 Acre Parcel of the Claremont Hillside Development Area, Los Angeles County, CA. J une 1990.

California Department of Fish and Game. 2004a. California Natural Diversity (RareFind) Database.
California Department of Fish and Game, Natural Heritage Division, Sacramento, California.

California Department of Fish and Game. 2004b. List of Special Animals. Wildlife and Habitat Data
Analysis Branch California Natural Diversity Database.

California Environmental Quality Act. 2004. Statutes and Guidelines. Section 15380 (a-e).

California Native Plant Society (CNPS). 2004. Electronic Inventory of Rare and Endangered Vascular
Plants of California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento, California.

Claremont Wildlands Conservancy. 2002. Draft Conceptual Area Protection Plan for the North Claremont
Ecological Reserve. September 2002.

County of Los Angeles Fire Department Forestry Division. 1999. Claremont Hills Wilderness Park
Vegetation Management Plan. J anuary 1999.

Dale, N. 2000. Flowering Plants The Santa Monica Mountains, Coastal, and Chaparral Regions of
Southern California. California Native Plant Society, Sacramento. 240 p.

Envicom Corporation. 1999. Draft Environmental Impact Report for the Claremont Colleges North
Campus Master Plan. March 1999.

Harris, L. D., and P.B. Gallagher. 1989. New Initiatives for Wildlife Conservation; The Need for
Movement Corridors. In Preserving Communities and Corridors (G. Mackintosh, ed.) Defenders of
Wildlife, Washington, D.C. 96pp.

Hickman, J .C., (ed.) 1993. The Jepson Manual; Higher Plants of California. University of California Press,
Berkeley.

Holland, R.F. 1986. Preliminary Descriptions of the Terrestrial Natural Communities of California. State of
California Department of Fish and Game, Nongame-Heritage Program, Sacramento, California.

J ones, J . K., R. Hoffmann, D. Rice, C. J ones, R. Baker, and M. Engstrom. 1992. Revised checklist of
North American Mammals north of Mexico, 1991. Occasional Papers: The Museum of Texas Tech
University. 23 pp.

Keith Companies. 1991. Claremont Hills Environmental Impact Report. J une 1991.

LSA Associates, Inc. 2004. Biological Resources Report, San Antonio Spreading Grounds Water
Conservation Improvement Project. March 2004.

Los Angeles County website http://danr.ucop.edu/ihrmo/county/LOS ANGELES. Los Angeles County
Oak Tree Ordinance.

Migratory Bird Treaty Act. (15 USC 703-711), 50 CFR Part 21, and 50 CFR Part 10.

Munz, P.A. 1974. A Flora of Southern California. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

PCR. 2000. Biological Resources Assessment of the Proposed San Dimas Canyon/San Antonio Wash
Significant Ecological Area. November 2000.

PCR. 2000. Los Angeles County Significant Ecological Area Update Study. November 2000.

P&D Consultants. 2004. Los Angeles County Significant Ecological Area Update Study. J uly 2004.

Sawyer, J ohn O. and Todd Keeler-Wolf. 1995. A Manual of California Vegetation. California Native
Plant Society, Sacramento, CA.

Sibley, D.A. 2000. National Audubon Society, The Sibley Guide to Birds. Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
544 p.

Simberloff, D.,and J . Cox. 1987. Consequences and costs of conservation corridors. Conservation
Biology 1:63-71.

Thomas Leslie Corporation, Biological & Cultural Investigations & Monitoring. 2002. Biological
Assessment of the Proposed Padua Avenue Park Site, Claremont, California. J anuary 2002.

USFWS Federal Register Critical Habitat Designation for coastal California gnatcatcher Vol. 68, No. 98,
May 2003.

USFWS Federal Final Rule Register Critical Habitat Designation for coastal California gnatcatcher Vol.
68, No. 98, May 2003.

USFWS Federal Register Critical Habitat Designation for San Bernardino kangaroo rat Vol. 67, No. 78,
April 2002.

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