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The Fiqh of Mistakes in Qira'ah

http://darulfiqh.com/the-fiqh-of-mistakes-in-qiraah/
Errors in recitation can take place in 5 different areas:
1 !i rb and harakt "#iacritics
$ Hurf "%etters
& Kalimt "'ords
( Jumal wal-yt ")entences
5 Wuqf "*auses
1) Errors in I rb and harakt (Diacritics)
This refers to chan+in+ a dhammah for a kasrah, or a fathah for a dhammah etc. -lso included here is the reducin+ of a mushaddad to one letter or stretchin+ a letter
more than it should.
-ccordin+ to the earlier scholars, an. mistake /hich results in such a meanin+ /hich can nullif. one0s faith /ill in1alidate the sal2h.
-ccordin+ to the later scholars like Muhammad i3n Muq2til, Muhammad i3n )al2m, 4sm2 5l al-62hid, -3u 3akr i3n )a 5d al-7alkh5, al-8ind/2n5, i3n al-Fadhl and al-
8al/2n5 rahimahumullah, if a person errs in the !i rb and the harakt then it /ill not in1alidate the salh at all. This 1ie/ is the preferred opinion.
4f a person intentionall. recites in such a manner /hich +i1es an indecent meanin+, then his sal2h /ill 3e 1oid. 8is recitation can lead to dis3elief "kufr.
2) Errors in hurf (letters)
Mistakes in letters can take place 3.:
chan+in+ a letter
addin+ a letter
omittin+ a letter
9oinin+ letters
disorder in the letters.

Changing letters:
7. the chan+in+ one letter to another, it /ill not in1alidate the salh as lon+ as the meanin+ is not chan+ed to an unreasona3le meanin+. For e:ample, if some3od.
recites ;< = ;> ?@A BCDE @A FEG instead of H> I@C BCDE @A FEG ;< = then one0s salh /ill still 3e intact. %ike/ise, if some3od. recited JE K> L> M> NE G in the place of OE L> P> M> NE G or QR ST>= in the place of QR GU< V>, then e1en in
this scenario the salh /ill 3e 1alid.
4f the letter recited 3. mistake sounds close to the ori+inal letter and it is difficult to distin+uish 3et/een the t/o, then such an error /ill not in1alidate the salh. For
e:ample if some3od. utters sn "Win the place of sd "X or th20 "YSZ< FG in the place of dh2d "[C S\< FG or ]20 "YC S^< FG in the place of t20 "YS_<FG then all such errors /ill not in1alidate
the salh, as lon+ as a corrupt meanin+ is not portra.ed.
4f the letter is chan+ed into such a letter /hich does not ha1e a resem3lance to the first and it can 3e easil. distin+uished from the first, then this /ill in1alidate the salh.
For e:ample, if one recites the /ord OC S`> FCS^< FG in the place of OC S`> FCSa< FG, then one0s salh /ill 3e deemed in1alid, as the meanin+ has chan+ed dramaticall..
Adding letters:
4f a letter is added to a /ord, it /ill not in1alidate the salh as lon+ as the meanin+ has not 3ecome unreasona3le. For e:ample, if some3od. recites bc> NE GU> Hd LC e> fE @A FEG instead
of g> NE GU> Hd LC e> fE @A FEG then this /ill not in1alidate the salh as the meanin+ has not 3ecome unreasona3le and un3eara3le.
Omitting letters:
4f a letter is omitted 3ut it does not chan+e the meanin+, then the salh /ill 3e 1alid. For e:ample, if some3od. recited hE i> F>U> !" Sf>BAjA kA OC Sf>Ilm>FESnC in the place of hE i> F>U> # $!" Sf>BAjA kA
OC Sf>Ilm>FESnC then the salh /ill still 3e intact. 8o/e1er, if some3od. recited S@o pcF ;> ?fAqC rE TA in the place of S@o pcF % ;> ?fAqC rE TA then due to the corruption in the meanin+, the salh /ill
3ecome in1alid.
&oining letters:
The 9oinin+ of the letters from t/o separate /ords /ill not nullif. the salh. 4f the kf is 9oined to the nnin s> ST<= hA mAtE N> for e:ample ST<= hmAtE f>u> then this /ill not nullif. the salh.
Disorder in letters:
#isorder in the letters /hich +i1e a different meanin+ alto+ether from the ori+inal /ord in the Qur 2n and this /ord is not found in the Qur 2n, then accordin+ to all the
scholars the salh /ill 3e 1oid. For e:ample, if vLj?w /as read in the place of vk?Dw or xMd in the place of yad then the salh /ill 3ecome in1alid.
To sum up, a mistake made in the letter of a /ord /hich alters the meanin+ to a corrupt meanin+ /ill in1alidate the salh.
') Errors in (ords
4f the different /ord recited is identical to the ori+inal /ord in connotation and it is found in the Qur 2n, then accordin+ to all the scholars the salh /ill 3e 1alid. -n
e:ample of this is to recite zSt{ LKSMFG in the place of zSt{ pI|}G .
4f the mistakenl. recited /ord is similar to the ori+inal /ord in meanin+ and the /ord recited is some/here else in the Qur2n then also
the salh /ill remain intact. For e:ample, if p> IeC `> FEG /as recited in the place of pC IBCt> FEG or ~I@DFG in the place of LIamFG or GLIm in the place of GLIan then in all
cases the salh /ill remain 1alid.
4f the mistakenl. recited /ord is similar to the ori+inal /ord in meanin+ 3ut the /ord recited has not come in the Qur 2n, then accordin+ to 4mam -3 8an5fah and 4mam
Muhammad rahimahumallah thesalh /ill still 3e 1alid. -ccordin+ to 4mam -3 suf the salh /ill 3e in1alid. The preferred opinion is that of 4mam -3 8an5fah
rahimahullah. For e:ample, if one recites ;Gh`P in the place of ;C Sn< e> A or gIo in the place of > > TE k> gC IoC .
4f a /ord is added to the te:t of the Qur 2n and the added /ord is found in the Qur 2n 3ut the addition has chan+ed the meanin+ then this /ill in1alidate the sal2h. For
e:ample, if some3od. recited
H> TC F<G>U> G?fAq> )*+ , - * ./0 !10 gC BCjA kA U> > CF>UVA pE A ;> ?iAThl al FG /here he added the /ords GULA M> u> U> <C S>nC , then such a mistake /ill in1alidate the salh due to corruptin+ the meanin+.
%ike/ise, if a /ord /as added to the te:t of the Qur 2n 3ut the added /ord is not found in the Qur 2n then this /ill also in1alidate the salh. For e:ample, if some3od.
recites S@> N<= BC@E NA pcF GU[A G[> E I>FC S@ |E = %2 !3 " 40* /here he added the /ord S@> KE =CU> then this /ill in1alidate the salh.
4f the additional /ord does not chan+e the meanin+ and it is found in the Qur 2n then this /ill not in1alidate the salh. For e:ample, the recitation of ;< = <> G ;Su C [C Sm>tC nC GL ImC> +2 560 1 G
/ill not in1alidate the salh.
4f the additional /ord does not chan+e the meanin+ and the /ord is also not found in the Qur 2n, then the salh /ill still not 3e in1alidated. For e:ample if some3od.
added the /ord R SM<AU> in the follo/in+yah R c> uC So> R E N>U> 78 !,/ $* ;R Sq< kA U> .
- repeated /ord that does not chan+e the meanin+ /ill not in1alidate the salh. 8o/e1er, if a repeated /ord alters the meanin+ to a corrupt meanin+ then the salh /ill
3e 1oid. For e:ample, the recitation of Q l k> 9: ; H> I@C F>St> FEG or C FCSq> <0 =0!> zC ?E T> HC Thl FG /ill in1alidate the salh.
'ords /hich are recited in the incorrect order /ill onl. in1alidate the salh if the meanin+ is corrupted. 4f some3od. recited +5?0 @ * pcF ScIo A8 5#0 B 8 then the salh /ill remain
1alid as the meanin+ has not altered. 8o/e1er, if some3od. recites ;< = k> GL> nE }E> G C,0 = D 5E0 " ;< =CU> k> SP< MAFEG C,0 = D 5F0 G then the salh /ill 3ecome in1alid as an incorrect meanin+ totall.
opposin+ realit. has 3een portra.ed 3. the /ords.
H) Errors in sentences
erses /hich are recited from different chapters one after another /ith pauses in 3et/een /ill not nullif. the salh. The recitation of sentences of the Qur02n in the
follo/in+ order /ith a pause in 3et/een each 1erse /ill not in1alidate the salh:
LC aE t> FEGU> ...... ;< =C k> GL> nE }E> G MC F> p ItC N> ..... ;< =C H> TC F<G G?fAq> G?BA@C d> U> OC S`> FCSa< FG ...... > CF>UVA pE A L > C T<LC m>FEG
E1en thou+h the latter 1erse is at odds /ith the former, as there is a pause in 3et/een, the salh /ill not 3e nullified.
4f the person /ho recites 1erses disorderl. does not pause 3et/een each 1erse, then the salh /ill onl. 3e in1alid if the meanin+s of the t/o 1erses oppose each other.
For e:ample, if some3od. recited
;< = H> TC F<G G?fAq> G?BA@C d> U> OC S`> FCSa< FG pE cA B>o> Y G> K> bf>DE `A FEG instead of JNSu pcF OA Sf<K> WC UE [> LE MCFEG A NA then this /ill not render the salhin1alid as the meanin+ has not 3een altered dramaticall.. 8o/e1er,
if one recited
;< = H> TC F<G G?fAq> G?BA@C d> U> OC S`> FCSa< FG > CF>UVA pE A L > C T<LC m>FEG then his salh /ill 3ecome 1oid.

I) Errors in JaKsing
4f one pauses in a place /here there is no pause or commences recitation from a place /here recitation is not started from, then as lon+ as the meanin+ does not chan+e,
the salh /ill 3e 1alid. For e:ample, if some3od. recites ;< = H> TC F<G G?fAq> G?BA@C d> U> OC S`> FCSa< FG and then he pauses and carries on recitin+
> CF>UVA pE A LA IE > C T<LC m>FEG , then his salh /ill not 3e in1alid as the meanin+ has not 3een altered.
4f some3od. does not pause in a place /here one should pause, for e:ample after QC S`> E V> kC Sf<FG he 9oins it /ith H> TC F<G ; > ?BA@C `E T> > LE t> FEG then althou+h this /ill not in1alidate
the salh it /ill 3e disliked to do this.
4f the meanin+ is chan+ed due to pausin+ incorrectl., then the salh /ill still not 3ecome in1alid. For e:ample, if someone recited h> cC > <A G gA N<V> > g> F>= after /hich he paused for a
/hile and then recited < = ? , then the salh /ill not 3e in1alidated, e1en thou+h the meanin+ is incorrect.cd

4n conclusion, errors in the harakt "diacritics /ill not render the salh in1alid no matter ho/ se1ere the mistake. - mistake made in the letter of a /ord /hich alters the
meanin+ to a corrupt meanin+ /ill in1alidate the salh. Faults in the recitation of the /ord /ill in1alidate the salh /hen the meanin+ of the /ord is totall. different and the
/ord is not found in the Qur 2n. )imilarl., the addition of a /ord-/hether it is found in the Qur 2n or not- /ill in1alidate the salh if the proposed meanin+ is
inappropriateinappropriate. epetition and disarra. of /ords /ill onl. nullif. the salh if the meanin+ portra.ed is incorrect. erses recited disorderl. /ithout pauses in
3et/een /ill in1alidate the salh/hen t/o 1erses are at odds /ith each other. 7esides these errors, all other others /ill 3e o1erlooked and the salh /ill 3e deemed as
1alid.
e1ertheless, if a recitation /as made in such a /a. that it had the potential to in1alidate the pra.er, ho/e1er the error /as immediatel. corrected, then the salh /ill
remain 1alid.
And Allah LaMNla Ono(s Pest
QKRti SaraT Adam alUQahmKdiV
(((WdarKlRiXhWcom

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