Biology

Metabolism
High metabolism is when there is more muscle than fat
Low metabolism is when there is more fat than muscle
Low metabolism can only be caused by either genetics or too
many fats and carbs
Metabolic rate is a which speed the chemical reactions are
broken down in your body
Immunity
Vaccinations are dead viruses which are inserted into your body.
Since this viruses are dead they are harmless thus the anti-
bodies recognizing them and making your body immune to this
virus
Pathogens are bacteria that cause diseases
Phagocytes digest bacteria
Lymphocytes attack the bacteria with anti-bodies
Antibiotics are drugs which kill bacteria without harming the
human cells
Bacteria can mutate becoming immune to anti-bodies thus anti-
bodies not being effecting and this type of bacteria are called
super bugs. An example of a super bug is MRSA
Nerves
Neurons are nerve cells that send electrical impulses
Gaps between neurons are called synapses.
Synapses release chemicals caused by the electrical impulses
Synapses reduce the electrical impulses speed
Impulse pathway for REFLEX/REACTION: stimulus -> receptor ->
process called sensory neuron -> CNS -> process called relay
neuron -> CNS process motor neuron -> effector -> response
Controlling the Body
Enzymes work best at 37 degrees
We cool off by sweating or releasing our energies through heat
radiation
Kidneys balance salt levels through urine and sweat
We control our sugar levels through our pancreas
Pancreas makes insulin which turns sugar into glucose thus
creating energy
Reproductive Hormones
FSH makes eggs mature
oestrogen thickens the line of the uterus
FH releases eggs
FSH and FH are made in the pituitary glands
Too much oestrogens stops the production of FSH thus also
stopping FH production
Menstruation Cycle: FSH is produced causing oestrogen to also
be produced however by producing oestrogen the FSH
production is reduced causing FH production incensement thus
releasing the eggs
Plant Hormones
Auxin is the growth hormone in plants
Auxin builds up in the shaded part of the plant thus making the
shaded part grow faster
Phototropism is when the plant reacts to the light
Geotropism is when it reacts to gravity
Drugs
Recreational drugs are drugs which have an effect on people
making themselves feel different
Legal drugs are alcohol and Tobacco
Some Illegal types of drugs are: Cocaine, Heroin, Opium
After starting to take drugs it is hard to stop since your brain has
adapted to it's chemicals thus asking and forcing people to take
more
Drugs meanwhile pregnancy can cause problems such as:
miscarriage and also the baby can be born with a drug addction
Competition
Organisms compete for survival when they run short on supplies
Plants need light to grow thus they compete with each other in
order to get more light.
Animals fight for territory and also for reproduction. For
example lions fight each other in order to decided who gets to
have sex with the female
Adaptations
Plants that live in dry places dont have leaves
Plants which live in dry plants grow long roots in order to get
water from waterbeds
Plants in dry places have tissues which store water
Animals which live in hot places have longer ears in order to cool
down since the ears have a big surface
Animals that live in cold have smaller ears and more fat in order
to heat the body
Some plants have spikes and they are poisonous in order to stop
predators from eating them
Reproduction
The cell fusion that happens between the sperm and the egg is
called Zygote which eventually grows up to an embryo and
finally a baby
Sex cells uses meiosis in order to split themselves
A-sexual reproduction is mitoses
Gamete is the name given to a sperm and cell together
Both sperm and egg have 23 chromosomes each
Evolution
Theorists are Darwin and Lamarck
Darwin suggests species change because of natural selection
Lamarck suggests that species change because of the
environment
Natural Selection
Organisms make a lot of offsprings (children)
Some organisms have good genes (eg: camouflage) and also bad
genes (eg: deformations)
The organisms with good genes often are chosen to offspring
and live for an other generation
Bad genes are unpredictable and what a bad gene is is when a
mutation in the chromosomes happen
Mutations can cause inheriting diseases and deformaties; this
diseases can be passed on onto the next generation, though,
some inheriting diseases on the cells aren't active so this cells
just act as carriers(Because they are rececive).
Example of mutations in the chromosomes are: Downssyndrome
Good Mutations can happen for environmental reasons; this
means that the living organism adapts to the environment
around him.