C.

FOOTINGFLEXURALREINFORCEMENT(Top&BottomReinforcement)
Uniform Load Uniform Load
Equipment
Testing Weight E(T) : 32,678 kN
q E(T) = (E(T)/A)*b
= (32678/(0.25*3.14*34.93^2))*1
= 34.101 kN/m
Foundation
Footing = Hfooting x b x Unit weight of reinforced concrete
* * = 0.5*1*23.536
= 11.768 kN/m
q total =34.101+11.768
45.87 kN/m
Span considered as pinned at both end
Factored Moment 1 = 1 4 x 1/8 x q total x L
2
where assumed L= 4 30 m Factored Moment 1 = 1.4 x 1/8 x q total x L ,where assumed L= 4.30 m
= 1.4*0.125*45.869*(4.3^2)
= 148.42 kN.m
Max factored moment = Mu = 148.4 kN.m
footing effective thickness = d = h - d' ,assumed concrete cover = 0.10 m
= 0.5-0.1 = 0.40 m
= 400 mm
Ru = Mu / (f x Width x d
2
)
= 148.421/(0.9*1*0.4^2)/1000
= MPa
m = fy / ( 0.85 * fc' )
= 395/(0.85*21)
=
1.03
22 13 =
required = (1/m) x (1 - (1 - 2m Ru/fy)
0.5
)
(1/22.129)*(1-(1-2*22.129*1.031/(395))^0.5)
=
balanced = i * 0.85 fc' * 600
22.13
0.269%
balanced i 0.85 fc 600
fy 600 + fy
= 0.85*(0.85*21/395)*(600/(600+395))
=
max = 0.75 balanced
=
2.32%
1.74%
min = (1.4/fy if 1.33 x r required > 1.4/fy)
= (0.18% if 1.33 x r required < 1.4/fy)
used = < 1.74%...OK 0.358%
0.35%
As req = * b * h
= 1788.44906 mm
2
Diameter of reinf. Bars 25 mm
As = mm2
No.of bars = As req / As
= 4
490.87
3.65
spacing = Width / no. of bars
= m
= mm 250 mm
Use D25 - 250 for top & bottom flexural reinforcement
0.27
273.97
Maximum Pile Reaction = 1057 kN -->
5.7.3.1 One Way Slab Action Shear
Allowable bending shear for slab without reinforcement :
Vc = fc' b d / 6 (Ref 3 Sect 11 3 Eq 11-3) Vc = fc b d / 6 (Ref.3 Sect. 11.3 Eq. 11-3)
taking b x d = Ac then:
vc=Vc / Ac = 0.75 x fc' /6
= 0.75 x 21^0.5 /6
= 0.57 MPa
Footing is designed to resist pile reaction for one way slab action, at distance d from outer skin of pile
Span considered as pinned at both end p p
q total =34.101+11.768
45.87 kN/m
shear force at d = 1.4 x (0.5*q*L-(q*(0.5*dpile+d)) ,where assumed L= 4.30 m
= 1.4* (0.5*45.87*4.3-(45.87*((0.5*0.45)+0.5)))
= 91.51 kN
shear area
A= 0.5*1= 0.5 m
2
Vu= 91.51/(0.5*1000)
= 0 183 MPa = 0.183 MPa
Maximum ultimate shear stress = Vu1/Ac
max
= 0.18 Mpa < 0.57 Mpa (ok)
( No shear reinforcement needed )
3.7.3.2 Punching Shear
Footing is designed to resist punching shear at d/2 from outer skin of pile
Dp
d/2
Pseudocritical
Pile
Punching shear area illustration
P
max
=
1057.00
kN (for single pile)
Since there 3 type of pile applied, that is corner, edge and interior pile, the most critical type,
corner pile, will govern
Vc = k x fc'^0.5 x bo x d (Ref.3 sect 11.12.2.1 Eq. 11-37)
while k shall be the smallest of:
1. (2 + 4/c)/12 = (2+4/1)/12 = 0.5
2. ((s d/bo) + 2)/12 = ((40*0.4/2.67)+2)/12 = 0.67
3. 4/12 = 0.33
k
used
= 0.33
where :
Vc = shear strength provide by concrete
bc = ratio of long side to short side of pile or load (1 for circle area) 1
s = constant, (20 for corner, 30 for edge, 40 for interior pile) 40
d = Effective depth of footing = 0.4 m
bo = Length of punching shear critical area = (Dp + d) * as/40 = 2.67 m
Vup max = 1057.00 kN
Allowable punching shear for slab without reinforcement :
Vc = k fc' bo d (Ref.3 sect 11.12.2.1 Eq. 11-37)
= 0.333*(21^0.5)*2670.354*400/1000
= 1,632 kN
Vc = 0.75 x 1632
= 1,223.7 kN
Vup max < f Vc 1057 < 1223.71..OK
( No shear reinforcement needed )
5 7 4 Maximum crack width on tension area 5.7.4 Maximum crack width on tension area
Maximum crack width on tension area shall be calculated based on Gergery-Lutz
expression as follow:
w=1.11*10
-6
x x fs x
3
( dc x A) (Ref.1 Sect. 8.8)
where
w = crack width (mm)
b = height factor (1.2 for beam, 1.35 for slab) =
fs = reinforcement calculated stress at service load (MPa),
shall be 0.6fy for maximum crack = MPa
dc = thickness of concrete cover (mm) = m
1.35
237.0
0.10 dc thickness of concrete cover (mm) m
A = bar area (effective tension area divided by number of bar) = (2*0.1*1)/(4)
= m
2
so:
w = 1.11x10
-6
x x fs x
3
( dc x A)
0.05
0.10
w = 1.11x10 x x fs x ( dc x A)
= 1.11e-6 x 1.35 x 237 x (100mm x 50000mm^2)^(1/3)
0.0607 mm < 0.33 mm .. OK