2013 Project Lead The Way,

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PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 1


Project 6.1.1: Student Response Sheet


Introduction
Anna Garcia was only 38 when she died, meaning that at least one of her body
systems was no longer able to support life. The failure of one or more of her body
systems may be the result of injury due to an accident or could be the result of an
illness or a combination of illnesses. Before we can determine which system or
systems failed or what caused the failure which led to her death, we have to learn
more about the human body.

The human body is an amazing machine composed of many interrelated systems
which are in turn composed of cells, tissues, and organs that act independently and
interdependently within the body. No individual component of a human body works
alone. Components of each system in the body affect or interact with every other
system. The body is dependent upon the many interactions between all systems and
structures to maintain homeostasis and health. In this activity you will investigate the
different body systems that make up the human body and explore all of the ways
Annas various illnesses affected each body system, potentially resulting in her
premature death.

Procedure:

1. Look back in your course file and list all of the ways each body system was
impacted by the illness or disease Anna Garcia experienced in her life.
2. Reference Autopsy Reports, Medical Histories and past lab activities to help you
organize this information.
3. Record any evidence that shows how the illness or disease may have been
involved with her untimely death.
4. Be specific about relationships between body systems and illness. You will use
this chart to help construct your final timeline that explains how Anna died.
5. You will need to eventually upload this document to your e-portfolio under Annas
Cause of Death.









2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 2



Part II: Annas Illnesses

Illnesses Effect on System (if applicable)
Diabetes Sickle Cell
Anemia
Heart Disease Urinary Tract
Infection

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Cardiovascular








Slow and
progressive
process.

Cardiovasc.
disease (heart
attacks and
blood vessel
diseases) are
more
accelerated.

Blood vessels
harden and
plaque
developed
causing lack
of blood
supply to
multiple
organs in
cardiovasc.
system.


















Cardiovasc.
complications
are
increasingly
evident.

Development
of a
progressive
systematic
vasculopathy,
pulmonary
hypertension,
and left
ventricular
diastolic
dysfunction.

Chronic
anemia in
sickle cell
disease
results in
cardiac
chamber
dilations and
increase in left
ventricular
mass.
Atherosclerosi
s causes vital
arteries to
harden and
become
ineffective.

Heart failure
can a result
where the
heart
completely
stops working

Abnormal
heart rhythms
can change
rate of blood
flow and hurt
the body.

Mitral valve
prolapse,
aortic
stenosis, and
mitral valve
insuffeciency
can be results
as well.
Increased
stress on
heart due to
the increase of
blood flow to
infected area
to fight the
infection

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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 4
Digestive








Elevated
blood sugar
damages
nerves
throughout
the body and
your gut is no
exception.

Digestive
problems like
heartburn,
constipation,
diarrhea, etc.
can be caused
or worsened
by diabetes.
Bilirubin
gallstones -
sickle cells die
in 20 days; liver
breaks down
the bilirubin;
extra bilirubin
can become a
gallstone in the
gallbladder


(bilirubin forms
bile)




Can affect the
liver and
abdomen
through fluid
retention.

Blockage or
alteration of
oxygen-rich
blood flow to
small intestine
or colon will
result in
intestinal
ischemia.
UTIs are
commonly
caused by
bacteria that
live in the
digestive
system. Then
move to the
urinary tract
through body.
Immune








Causes
immune
system to
destroy
insulin
producing
cells within
the pancreas.

Immune
response is
much lower in
people who
have diabetes
so they are
more
susceptible to
infections.
Sickle cells
block and
reduce blood
flow,
decreasing
germ-fighting
immune cells
to parts of the
body.

Leads to
infections,
skin ulcers,
illness and
slowed
healing.
Affects bodys
immune
defense
system by
mistaking
cardiac
antigens as
foreign and
attacking them
leading to
inflammation
of the heart as
a whole, or in
parts
Increased
production of
lymphocytes (B
& T cells) and
antibodies
against the
bacteria;
Inflammatory
response (may
increase
additional UTI
and/or damage
to urinary tract
structures.

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PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 5
Nervous








Blood vessels
which feed the
nerves can
become
damaged and
can lead to
damaged
nerves.

Neuropathy is
common in
diabetes.
Stroke may
occur with
Sickle Cell
disease.

Silent
Cerebral
Infarcts are
frequent in
children with
Sickle cell.
SNS is
activated and
the imbalance
of the activity
of the SNS
and vagal
activity
interaction
occurs.

Abnormal
activation of
the SNS leads
to further
worsening of
heart failure.
People
experiencing
nervous
system
disorders,
people who
are
convalescing
or
unconscious
for long
periods of
time, will have
an increased
risk of UTis
Respiratory








Rapid or
labored
breathing
(Kussmaul
breathing) can
be a symptom
of diabetic
ketoacidosis.

Can lead to
obstructive
sleep apnea,
difficult
breathing
while
sleeping.
Acute chest
syndrome
occurs when
sickle cells
become
trapped in the
chest,
blocking
blood flow
and oxygen to
lungs.

Cellular
respiration is
also impacted
by sickle cell
anemia.
Shortness of
breath or
dyspnea can
be a symptom

Lungs become
congested
with fluid
(congestive
heart failure)

Poor flow, low
oxygen leads
to cells dying,
then no
circulation.
UTIs and
Respiratory
issues are not
linked
together
much.

But when
immune
system is
affected by
UTIs lung
disease may
form due lo
tack of
disease
fighting cells.

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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 6
Urinary








High blood
glucose levels
can promote
bacterial
growth which
leads to UTIs
and thrush.

Kidney
damage and
damage to
nerves that
control
bladder
resulting in
urinary
incontinence
Urinary tract
infections are
more common
in individuals
with sickle cell
syndromes.
Heart diseases
are the leading
cause of death
in end-stage
renal disease.

Fluid and
potassium
overload will
occur.

Kidney failure
becomes
much more
dangerous.
Frequent
urination,
burning
sensation
while
urinating, and
cloudy or
bloody urine.

When spread
to kidneys, the
infection
becomes more
serious and
harmful. This
is known as
pyelonephritis
.


Sources Used:

http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/info/diabetes/

http://www.livestrong.com/article/128264-systems-body-affected-sickle-cell/

http://www.world-heart-federation.org/press/fact-sheets/cardiovascular-disease-
terms/

http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/urinary-tract-infections-in-teens-and-adults-
topic-overview


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Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 7


2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 8


2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 9


2013 Project Lead The Way,

Inc.
PBS Project 6.1.1 Student Response Sheet Page 10