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The online version of this article can be found at:
DOI: 10.1177/1103308813478606
2013 4: 57 Environment and Urbanization Asia
I Nyoman Tri Prayoga, Landung Esariti and Diah Intan Kusumo Dewi
The Identification of Early Gentrification in Tembalang Area, Semarang, Indonesia
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The Identification of Early Gentrification 67
Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 4, 1 (2013): 5771
population), Grand Tembalang Regency (100 per cent immigrant population), Timoho West (54 per cent
immigrant population), Housing Korpri Bulusan (77 per cent of immigrants). The other locations are still
dominated by native people namely Sirajudin (79 per cent), Banjarsari (92.3 per cent), Banyuputih (61.5
per cent), East Gondang (100 per cent), East Timoho (76.9 per cent), and Baskoro (63 per cent).
Population change is one of the important points giving clear facts of gentrification process, espe-
cially of changes in population quantity. This is consistent with the theory of Smith (2002), who men-
tioned that the changing population of the region as one of the key points of gentrification. The area
experiencing gentrification is likely to experience increases in population due to the pull factor of
improving the quality of the region. Bourne (in Knox, 1982) describes the features of gentrification
shows in population density increase with the family structure is dominated by young families who are
affected also by high levels of migration. This phenomenon also exists in Tembalang, when the number
of residents increased by 18.7 per cent from 2006 (7957 inhabitants) to 2010 (9443 inhabitants) or
increasing number of households as much as 18.6 per cent from 2006 (4210 households) to 2010 (5457
households). The population density also shows improvement from 2006 which had 14 people/hectare
to 17 people/hectare in 2010.
One of the factors that characterize gentrification in the identification of Tembalang is segregation or
segmentation. Segregation is the forced separation of social groups, race or ethnicity (Casmini, 2010).
Gentrification has the opportunity to create segregation or segmentation of the region because the region
has the potential to divide community between richer and poorer class. It can be seen that the develop-
ment of the residential neighbourhood in Tembalang has created gated communities by clustering the
Figure 4. The Conditions and Relations of the Gentrification Characteristic in Tembalang
Source: Authors own.
- 60% native people, 40% newcomers
- Social interaction between native people
and newcomers owned houses
- Those rented houses-newcomers is less
integrated with native people
- There has been a tendency to form social
groups because of differences in terms of
security services, the quality of water,
electricity, drainage, and the quality of
buildings and the area between the
residential neighborhood
- There is a population increase up to 18.7%
from 2006 to 2010.
- 1,791 people enter Tembalang, 469 people
move out from Tembalang.
- The majority of newcomers are young people
and working age population.
- Price of land increase 167% from 2006-2010
- The image of the Tembalang Region bitterly
develop with aesthetic value, architectural
style, the permanence of buildings
- The value of property increased 114%
from 2006-2010
Social Change Population Change
Revitalization
Segregation/
Segmentation
Gentrification in
Tembalang
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68 I Nyoman Tri Prayoga, Landung Esariti and Diah Intan Kusumo Dewi
Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 4, 1 (2013): 5771
richer in housing complexes built by developers. This is also affirmed by the opinion of Warde (in Smith,
2002) that gentrification brings a difference in residential quality, which can be proven by the level of
service of its infrastructure. For example the water service in Tembalang provided by the government is
called PDAM. Even though most of the residential areas have been connected to this service, the low
quality of the water taps and water distribution encourages people to shift their water needs to other
resources, namely deep wells at home. This is quite expensive, since only rich families can afford the
drilling fee. Besides the issue of water, poor drainage problems are often experienced in Perum Korpri,
Banyuputih, and Timoho because, after heavy rains water puddle are created. Electrical problems are
also experienced in Banjarsari, where electricity blackouts happen more often than other areas. However,
there seems no problem in the waste management system. Amongst 10 points of observations, all were
satisfied with the services.
The Effects of Gentrification on the Growth of Semarangs Suburbs
Berrey (2005) and Lyons (1996) stated that gentrification has positive and negative influences and those
influences are not always the same at each location. The positive influences of gentrification are the notion
that it can reduce poverty, decrease crime, increase property values, increase public and private investment,
as well as the promote retail sector growth and improvement of service facilities and infrastructure
(Berrey, 2005; Duany, 2001; Kasinitz, 1988). On the other hand, the effects of gentrification are consid-
ered negative as the residential sector is more difficult to reach financially, vulnerability of the native
people with the potential to move or get displaced, and changes in environmental identity (Lyons, 1996;
Figure 5. Comparison of (A) Low Architectural Value and (B) High Architectural Value in a Tembalang
Neighbourhood
Source: Authors own.
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The Identification of Early Gentrification 69
Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 4, 1 (2013): 5771
Robinson, 1995; Brown-Saracino, 2004). Based on the above, then the influence of gentrification is
considered positive if any benefit is felt by the people who inhabit or any activity in the gentrified region,
in this case Tembalang. The effect of gentrification is considered negative if there is a shortage or even
losses that occur due to the continuity of gentrification in Tembalang. In this case, the positive or nega-
tive effect of gentrification is viewed from the standpoint of the social, economic, and physical condition
of Tembalang.
Based on this observation, several positive effects of gentrification on Tembalang can be summarized.
Viewed from the social aspect is the integration of homeownersnewcomers with native people encour-
aging openness of the native inhabitants for new input/knowledge. Indirectly this sensitivity educates
local people, thereby strengthening their self-sufficiency. In the economic aspect, as many as 65.4 per
cent of the local residents felt economic conditions improved in the last 5 years, because it opens up great
opportunities for entrepreneurial businesses, especially, the development of trade and services activities,
in the corridors of the main roads in Tembalang (Prof. Jl. Soedharto, Jl. Sirajudin, Jl. Banjarsari, Jl.
Timoho). The influence in physical aspects of the region is the increasing number of homes built for
immigrants, especially the houses for small families with minimalist architectural style.
On the other hand, the gentrification also shows negative effects for example from the social point of
view there is a decline in the quality of moral ethics in young people. These are due to inclusion of culture
such as drunkenness, gambling or wild racing in Tembalang. There was also a perceived lack of sense of
belonging for rented-homenewcomers, so that the condition of the region becomes more disorganized and
tends to be a slum. The next impact is the rise of individualism among citizens or less caring towards each
other. Not only that, the theft rate has also increased, especially in boarding-lodging students. Following the
growth of new economic zones in several locations, gentrification also causes the emergence of new prob-
lems of congestion and ownership competition of property. The last impact causes the difficulty of finan-
cially accessing public housing sectors in Tembalang. House prices have soared based on the psychological
price of acquiring future benefits due to the existence of UNDIP. The reduced area of green open land has
become one of the negative influences on the physical sector that should be taken seriously. The last impact
is the mismatch between infrastructure provisions with population increase. The population has been pro-
jected to increase by 3.93 per cent in 2010 but in reality the population increased by 18.7 per cent from
20062010. This encourages the self-help provision of infrastructure which causes disharmony and service
overlap which leads to disintegration in government planning in the future.
Figure 6. New Housing and Houses for Small Families
Source: Authors own, 2011.
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70 I Nyoman Tri Prayoga, Landung Esariti and Diah Intan Kusumo Dewi
Environment and Urbanization ASIA, 4, 1 (2013): 5771
Conclusion
By looking at the distribution status of gentrification in each area of observation, it can be concluded that
in general the area has undergone a process of gentrification. Several observation areas that have not
gentrified will be potentially gentrified in the future by looking at the trend of the influence of variables
such as the revitalization of the region, increasing the value of the area, and a change in social structure.
Another conclusion is that gentrification in Tembalang is relatively positive and acceptable to local
people and the Semarang city in general. Although a number of negative influences occur, these things
are unavoidable as a consequence of the development of the region. One thing that should be noted is the
social interaction that has been shaped between original people and newcomer should be managed better
at the neighbourhood level. Optimizing neighbourhood activities such as community gathering and
cleaning up the environment together and other micro-scale activities can build togetherness and encour-
age a sense of belonging to control the environment.
Furthermore, the Semarang government should pay more attention to Tembalang as it has become an
embryo of suburban settlement. There should be a tighter and more assertive control system from the city
government about land use and land conversion in Tembalang. Considering the natural characteristics of
Tembalang, which is that not all areas should be developed into built area, more important is green open
space preservation.
Acknowledgment
The authors are thankful for the Grant from the Engineering Faculty of Diponegoro University for fnancing this
research. The paper has also been presented in Track 3 (Housing and Community Development) at the 3
rd
World
Planning School Congress, Perth (WA), 48 July 2011. Several modifcations have been made according to feedback
and comments given in this Congress.
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I Nyoman Tri Prayoga is a graduate student in the Master of Urban and Regional Planning, Engineering
Faculty, Diponegoro University, and a research assistant in the Laboratory of Regional Development and
Environmental Management, Urban and Regional Planning Department, Diponegoro University,
Semarang-Indonesia. Email: prayoga.nyoman@yahoo.com
Landung Esariti is a lecturer and a researcher in the Urban Development Laboratory, Urban and
Regional Planning Department, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang-Indonesia.
Email: adoeng@gmail.com
Diah Intan Kusumo Dewi is a lecturer and a researcher in the Urban Design and Planning Laboratory,
Urban and Regional Planning Department, Engineering Faculty, Diponegoro University, Semarang-
Indonesia. Address: Jl. Prof Soedharto, Tembalang, Semarang. Email: diah.intan@gmail.com
at Universitas Diponegoro PARENT on November 17, 2013 eua.sagepub.com Downloaded from
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