Muhammad Juangga

25012025

1. A low pressure tunnel 4 m ini diameter, 8000 m long having a Darcy friction factor of
0.012 delivers 45 m3/s to a hydraulic turbine. A surge chamber 8 m in diameter is
situated at the downstream end of the tunnel. Taking Fs = 1.0 and using the mthod of
section 12.3, plot the variation of water level in the surge chamber relative to the
reservoir level when the flow to the turbines is sudenly stopped.
Solution:
(

Solving by direct method

AT = 12.566 m2 ;
(
(

)
)

In equation 12.24

From equation 12.21

(

Aliran Transien pada Pipa

Muhammad Juangga
25012025

Next Step into z maks

Table of Calculations
t
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
130
140
150
160
170
180
190
200

a
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321
0.321

b
0.000
86.781
46.631
33.665
27.494
24.041
21.948
20.631
19.800
19.293
19.012
18.895
18.902
19.005
19.182
19.418
19.703
20.029
20.387
20.774
21.184

c
16.504
5.281
9.759
14.238
18.716
23.195
27.673
32.152
36.630
41.109
45.587
50.066
54.544
59.023
63.501
67.980
72.458
76.937
81.415
85.894
90.372

V
0.000
-0.061
-0.210
-0.425
-0.686
-0.978
-1.285
-1.598
-1.909
-2.212
-2.504
-2.781
-3.043
-3.289
-3.518
-3.731
-3.929
-4.113
-4.283
-4.440
-4.585

V
3.583
3.522
3.312
2.888
2.201
1.224
-0.061
-1.659
-3.568
-5.781
-8.285
-11.066
-14.109
-17.398
-20.916
-24.647
-28.576
-32.689
-36.972
-41.411
-45.997

Z
0.000
8.881
17.086
23.250
25.446
21.408
8.721
-15.054
-52.278
-105.180
-175.820
-266.072
-377.625
-511.984
-670.482
-854.297
-1064.463
-1301.888
-1567.367
-1861.601
-2185.199

Z
-15.702
-6.821
10.265
33.515
58.960
80.369
89.089
74.035
21.757
-83.423
-259.243
-525.315
-902.940
-1414.924
-2085.406
-2939.704
-4004.166
-5306.054
-6873.421
-8735.022
-10920.221

2. A steel pipeline 2000 m long, 300 mm in diameter discharges water from a reservoir to
atmosphere through a control valve, the discharge coefficient of which is 0.6. the valve is
closed so that its area decreases linearly from 0.065 m2 to zero in (a) 15 s, and (b) 30 s. If
the initial head at the valve is 3.0 m and the wave speed is 1333.3 m/s calculate,
neglecting friction, the pressure head and velocity at the valve at the discrete waterhammer periods.
Solution:
a. For t = 15 s
Cd = 0.6
Ap = x 3.14 x (0.03)2 = 0.07065 m2
ho = 3 m
Water Hammer Period

Aliran Transien pada Pipa

Muhammad Juangga
25012025

Allievi Method

Time (t)
Av,0

12

15

0.065

0.052

0.039

0.026

0.013

At T = 1

Table of Calculations
T(i)

t (s)
0

0 95.93348

3 95.93348

0.8 1.246394 4.660494 4.222872

6 95.93348

0.6 1.642308 12.57017 4.161154

9 95.93348

0.4 2.380538 71.23468 3.962314

12 95.93348

15 95.93348

Aliran Transien pada Pipa

h (m)
1

0.2 4.204777

v (m/s)
3 4.235089

1259.44 3.332129

0 12.06944 183464.3

0
3

Muhammad Juangga
25012025

b. For t = 30 s
Cd = 0.6
Ap = x 3.14 x (0.03)2 = 0.07065 m2
ho = 3 m
Water Hammer Period

Allievi Method

Time (t)
Av,0

12

15

18

21

24

27

30

0.065

0.059

0.052

0.046

0.039

0.033

0.026

0.020

0.013

0.007

0.000

At T = 1

Aliran Transien pada Pipa

Muhammad Juangga
25012025

Table of Calculations
T(i)

t (s)
0

0 95.93348

1.000

3 95.93348

0.900

1.10977 3.694768

4.230

6 95.93348

0.800 1.243425 5.712498

4.208

9 95.93348

0.700 1.409641 11.35124

4.152

12 95.93348

0.600 1.621844 29.85806

4.040

15 95.93348

0.500 1.901935 108.0073

3.842

18 95.93348

0.400 2.288127 565.4749

3.517

21 95.93348

0.300 2.853195 4603.374

3.010

24 95.93348

0.200 3.752762 64830.34

2.259

27 95.93348

0.100 5.371788 1870751

1.214

10

30 95.93348

0.000 8.729877 1.43E+08

0.000

Aliran Transien pada Pipa

h (m)
1

v (m/s)
3
4.235