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ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 73-00-00. Fuel control system consists of an oil-to-fuel heater, fuel pump, fuel control unit, starting control / flow divider and dump or purge valve, dual fuel manifold with 14 simplex nozzles, fuel drain valves.
ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 73-00-00. Fuel control system consists of an oil-to-fuel heater, fuel pump, fuel control unit, starting control / flow divider and dump or purge valve, dual fuel manifold with 14 simplex nozzles, fuel drain valves.
ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 73-00-00. Fuel control system consists of an oil-to-fuel heater, fuel pump, fuel control unit, starting control / flow divider and dump or purge valve, dual fuel manifold with 14 simplex nozzles, fuel drain valves.
LEP 1 Feb 11/2000 2 blank Feb 11/2000 Contents 1 Feb 11/2000 2 blank Feb 11/2000 73-00-00 Description and Operation 1 Feb 11/2000 2 blank Feb 11/2000 3 Feb 11/2000 4 blank Feb 11/2000 5 Feb 11/2000 6 blank Feb 11/2000 7 Feb 11/2000 8 Feb 11/2000 9 Feb 11/2000 10 blank Feb 11/2000 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGES Page 1/2 73-00 LEP Feb 11/2000 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 73-00-00 1. Description 1 2. Operation 1 A. Engine Starting 7 B. Acceleration 7 C. Governing 7 D. Altitude Compensation 8 E. Deceleration 8 F. Reverse Thrust 8 G. Manual Override System (Post-SB1469, PT6A-34AG Engines) 8 H. Power Turbine Limiting 9 I. Engine Shutdown (Flow Divider Installation) 9 J. Engine Shutdown (Starting Control Installation) 9 3. Fault Isolation 9 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUBJECT PAGE PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 Page 1/2 73-00 CONTENTS Feb 11/2000 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION 1. Description (Ref. Figs.1 and 2) The fuel control system consists of an oil-to-fuel heater, fuel pump, fuel control unit, starting control / ow divider and dump or purge valve, dual fuel manifold with 14 simplex nozzles, fuel drain valves and interconnecting pneumatic sense lines. For purposes of description, the system also includes the interrelationship of the propeller governor and the power turbine, although further information relating to the propeller governor is contained in Chapter 61. The fuel pump delivers fuel to the fuel control unit (FCU), which determines the correct fuel schedule for engine steady-state operation and acceleration. The ow dividersupplies the metered fuel ow to the primary and secondary manifolds as required. Full propeller control during normal operation is provided by a propeller governor which incorporates a propeller governing (CSU) section and a power turbine governing (Nf) section. The Nf governor section provides power turbine overspeed protection during normal operation. On engines equipped for installation of a fully reversing propeller, the propeller governor also contains a reversing valve; during reverse thrust operation, the propeller governor section is inoperative and control of power turbine speed is accomplished by the Nf section. The starting ow control,which acts as a mechanically-operated ow divider and dump valve, directs the metered fuel from the FCU to the primary fuel manifold or to both primary and secondary manifolds as required. Full propeller control during forward and reverse thrust operation is provided by the propeller governor package, which contains a normal propeller governing (CSU) section, a reverse valve and a power turbine governing section (Nf). The Nf section provides power turbine overspeed protection during normal operation. During reverse thrust operation, the propeller governing section is inoperative and control of the power turbine speed is accomplished by the Nf governor section. The nomenclature used in this manual, when referring to power lever, fuel condition lever and starting control lever positions is as follow: The minimum position for the power control lever is IDLE, and the maximum position is TAKEOFF. Angular position in degrees may also be referenced. REVERSE position is self-explanatory (if applicable). The minimum position for the fuel condition lever is CUTOFF. The starting position is 30 degrees from CUTOFF. The maximum position, when used, is FLIGHT-IDLE or 90 degrees from CUTOFF. The minimum position for the starting control lever is CUTOFF or CUTOFF AND DUMP. The starting position is RUN (either 45 degrees or 72 degrees from CUTOFF). The maximum position, when used, is FLIGHT-IDLE which is 90 degrees from CUTOFF. For individual engine operating procedures, speeds, markings and item nomenclature for specic aircraft installations, refer to the relevant Aircraft Operating Manual. 2. Operation NOTE: For particular engine starting procedures on specic aircraft installations, refer to the relevant Aircraft Maintenance Manual. PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 1/2 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000 FILTER BYPASS VALVE INPUT COUPLING PUMP GEAR AND SHAFTGEAR 74 MICRON SCREEN ELEMENT FUEL INLET (FROM BOOST PUMP) 10 MICRON FILTER OUTPUT COUPLING FCU BYPASS RETURN TO PUMP (INTERNAL) BYPASS PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE GEAR TYPE FUEL PUMP (WITH INTEGRAL MICROSCREEN ELEMENT) TO SECONDARY ADAPTER TO PRIMARY FUEL MANIFOLD ADAPTER ASSEMBLY TO TANK FLOW DIVIDER & DUMP/PURGE VALVE MANUAL STOP DIFFERENTIAL BELLOWS ENGINES WITH MANUAL OVERRIDE DETAIL A Ng GOVERNOR Px METERING ORIFICE COMPRESSOR PRESSURE Pc AIR PROPELLER GOVERNOR (Nf GOVERNOR SECTION) PROPELLER SPEED MAX. STOP MINIMUM PRESSURIZING VALVE BELLOWS STOP DIFFERENTIAL BELLOWS MAX. STOP RATIO ARM (REVERSING ONLY) ACCELERATION BELLOWS (EVACUATED) Nf GOVERNOR RESET ARM (REVERSING ONLY) UNDERSPEED FUEL GOVERNING SPEED ADJUSTMENT BYPASS FUEL PRESSURE UNMETERED FUEL PRESSURE METERED FUEL PRESSURE AMBIENT PRESSURE (Pa) GOVERNOR SERVO PRESSURE (Py) ACCELERATION & SPEED ENRICHMENT PRESSURE (Px) INLET FUEL PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE TORQUE TUBE MAX. FLOW STOP IDEL SPEED STOP GAS GEN. SPEED SCHEDULING CAM FUEL CONTROL UNIT CUTOFF VALVE MIN. FLOWSTOP METERING VALVE BYPASS VALVE DISK GROUP (BIMETALLIC) METERING HEAD REGULATOR ACCELERATION ADJUSTMENT DOME A C7148E Fuel Control System Schematic - Flow Divider Installation Figure 1 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 3/4 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000 BYPASS FUEL PRESSURE UNMETERED FUEL PRESSURE METERED FUEL PRESSURE AMBIENT PRESSURE (Pa) GOVERNOR SERVO PRESSURE (Py) ACCELERATION AND SPEED ENRICHMENT PRESSURE (Px) INLET FUEL PRESSURE LEGEND GEAR TYPE FUEL PUMP (WITH INTERNAL MICROSCREEN ELEMENT) 10 MICRON FILTER FCU BYPASS RETURN TO PUMP (INTERNAL) OUTPUT COUPLING PUMP GEAR AND SHAFT GEAR COMPRESSOR PRESSURE Pc AIR BYPASS PRESSURE REGULATING VALVE FUEL INLET (FROM BOOST PUMP) INPUT COUPLING 74 MICRON SCREEN ELEMENT FILTER BYPASS VALVE TO NO. 1 MANIFOLD STARTING CONTROL BLEED TO TANK STARTING CONTROL BYPASS RETURN PLUNGER TO NO. 2 MANIFOLD DRAIN TO ATMOSPHERE MINIMUM PRESSURE VALVE TRANSFER VALVE DRAIN COMBUSTION CHAMBER LINER NOZZLE FUEL NOZZLE TRANSFER TUBE DRAIN TO ATMOSPHERE INLET FUEL MANIFOLD PROPELLER SPEED MAX. STOP METERING VALVE MIN. FLOW STOP DRAIN TO ATMOSPHERE GAS GEN. CASE PROPELLER GOVERNOR (Nf GOVERNOR SECTION) RATIO ARM Nf GOVERNOR AIRSPEED LINK MAX. STOP UNDERSPEED FUEL GOVERNING SPEED ADJUSTMENT ACCELERATION BELLOWS (EVACUATED) MIN. GOVERNING (IDLE) SPEED STOP GAS GEN. SPEED SCHEDULING CAM Ng GOVERNOR P3 FILTER (IF FITTED) Pa FUEL CONTROL UNIT DIFFERENTIAL BELLOWS TORQUE TUBE MAX. FLOW STOP Px METERING ORIFICE PRESSURE RELIEF VALVE BYPASS VALVE METERING HEAD REGULATOR DISK GROUP (BIMETALLIC) ACCELERATION ADJUSTMENT DOME C446K Fuel Control System Schematic - Starting Control Installation Figure 2 PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 5/6 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000 A. Engine Starting The engine starting cycle is initiated with the power control lever placed in the IDLE position and the fuel condition or starting control lever in CUTOFF. The ignition and starter are switched on and, when the required Ng ignition speed is attained, the fuel condition or starting control lever is advanced to RUN position. Following ignition, the engine accelerates to idle speed. During the starting sequence, the metering valve in the FCU is in a low ow position. As the compressor accelerates, the discharge pressure (P3) increases. This creates an increase in Px pressure, which is modied P3 acting on one side of the bellows assembly and Py, which is modied Px, on the opposite side. Py is the governing pressure and acts on a greater surface area of the bellows. The increase in pressure sensed by the bellows causes the metering valve to move in an opening direction. Excess fuel supplied by the fuel pump will pass via the bypass valve back to the tank. When the Ng approaches idle speed, the centrifugal force of the Ng governor yweights begins to overcome the governor spring force and opens the governor valve, bleeding off Py pressure. This creates a Px-Py differential which causes the metering valve to move in a closing direction until the required-to-run idle speed fuel ow is obtained. Any variation in engine speed from the selected (idle) speed will be sensed by the Ng governor yweights and will result in increased or decreased weight force. This change will cause movement of the governor valve which will then be reected by a differing Px to Py relationship and cause the metering valve to move to re-establish the correct fuel ow and hence Ng speed. B. Acceleration As the power control lever is advanced above idle setting, the speed scheduling cam is repositioned, moving the cam follower lever to increase the governor spring force. The governor spring then overcomes the yweights and moves the lever, closing the governor valve. Px and Py pressures immediately increase, causing the metering valve to move in an opening direction. Acceleration is then a function of increasing Px (Px=Py). As the Ng, and consequently the Nf, increase, the propeller governor increases the pitch of the propeller blades to control the Nf at the selected speed and applies the increased power as additional thrust. Acceleration is complete when the centrifugal force of the governor yweight again overcomes the governor spring and opens the governor valve. C. Governing Once the acceleration cycle has been established, any variation in engine speed from the selected speed will be sensed by the Ng governor yweights and will result in increased or decreased weight force. This change in weight force will cause the governor valve to either open or close; this will then be reected by the change in fuel ow necessary to re-establish the selected speed. When the FCU is governing, the governor valve will be maintained in a regulating or oating position. PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 7 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000 D. Altitude Compensation Altitude compensation is automatic since the acceleration bellows assembly in the FCU computing section is evacuated and affords an absolute pressure reference. Compressor discharge air (P3) is a measurement of engine speed and air density. Px is proportional to P3, so it will decrease with a decrease in air density. This is sensed by the acceleration bellows which act to reduce fuel ow on acceleration at altitude. E. Deceleration When the engine power control lever is retarded, the speed scheduling cam is rotated to a lower point on the cam rise. This reduces the governor spring force and allows the governor valve to move in an opening direction. The resulting drop in Py pressure moves the metering valve in a closing direction until it contacts the Wf minimum ow stop. This stop ensures sufficient metered fuel ow to the engine to prevent ameout. The engine continues to decelerate until the governor yweight force decreases to balance the governor spring force at the set governing position. F. Reverse Thrust Reverse thrust can be obtained at any propeller speed provided that the forward speed of the aircraft after landing or during taxiing is not high enough to cause propeller windmilling at speeds near the selected rpm. The idle reset has two settings; low idle and high idle. The high idle setting permits acceleration to maximum rpm to be accomplished in minimum time. The idle setting and fuel cut-off is controlled by the fuel cut-off lever in the cockpit. The power lever linkage is used only to increase or decrease power. The FCU speed scheduling cam has a single contoured lobe operated through a cam box which permits the scheduling of full power at each end of the power control lever travel. When the power control lever is moved to the REVERSE THRUST position, the propeller pitch control and the FCU are integrated. Increased power control lever movement toward FULL REVERSE position will increase compressor turbine speed (Ng) and propeller (reverse) pitch. The propeller governor is maintained in an underspeed condition in the reverse thrust range by controlling propeller speed with the Nf governing section of the propeller control. If the Nf exceeds the desired speed, the Nf governing orice will open to decrease the Py pressure in the computing section of the FCU and cause a reduction in fuel ow and Nf speed, thereby limiting the propeller speed and maintaining the CSU in an underspeed condition. G. Manual Override System (Post-SB1469, PT6A-34AG Engines) On FCUs incorporating the manual override system, the retaining plate and cover containing the governor bellows stop are replaced by a shaft and stop assembly, which, if operated after a pneumatic failure, pushes against the end of the governor bellows to increase fuel ow. PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 8 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000 The shaft and stop assembly consists of an actuating shaft incorporating spiral slots; a driving pin ts in the slots, passing through and activating an operating pin. When the actuating shaft is turned, the driving pin, which cannot rotate, moves in or out dependant on the slot position. Subsequent movement of the perating pin against the end of governor bellows opens the metering valve and increases fuel ow. In the OFF position, the operating pin acts as bellows travel stop. H. Power Turbine Limiting The Nf governing section of the propeller governor senses Py pressure via an external line from the computing section of the FCU. If a power turbine overspeed should occur during forward thrust operation, the Nf governing orice will be opened, under the inuence of the governor yweights and lever movement, to bleed off Py pressure. This causes a decrease in Py pressure at the computing section of the FCU causing the metering valve to move in a closing direction, thus reducing fuel ow and consequently Ng and Nf speeds. I. Engine Shutdown (Flow Divider Installation) The integral cutoff valve in the FCU provides a positive means of shutting off fuel ow to the engine. During normal engine operation the valve is fully open and offers no restriction to the metered fuel ow to the engine. The engine is shut down by moving the fuel condition lever in the cockpit to CUTOFF. Fuel is returned to the fuel pump inlet via the internal bypass passages and ports in the FCU and pump. Fuel in the primary and secondary manifolds is drained via the dump valve ports in the ow divider and dump valve, or for ow divider and purge valve installations, purged by compressed air into the combustion chamber and burned. J. Engine Shutdown (Starting Control Installation) The engine is shut down by moving the starting control lever to the CUTOFF position. This action mechanically moves the plunger to its cut-off and dump position; this movement blocks off metered fuel to the manifold, while at the same time allowing residual fuel in the manifold to drain, via ports in the control. 3. Fault Isolation For detailed procedures refer to Chapter 72-00-00, FAULT ISOLATION. PRATT & WHITNEY CANADA MAINTENANCE MANUAL MANUAL PART NO. 3021242 73-00-00 Page 9/10 ENGINE FUEL AND CONTROL - DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION Feb 11/2000