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This equation also states that the pressure head, elevation head and velocity head are
constant along the venture tube. The friction along the tube is negligible. Since the tube is
horizontal and does not have any zero error, Z1=Z2 and the pressure head
On the other hand, the mass flow rate, is also calculated in order to know the
velocity at point 1 and 2.
3
The calculated velocity
. The
dynamic pressure is calculated by subtracting static pressure from the total pressure head.
From the dynamic pressure,
was calculated
3) Procedure
The apparatus used in the Bernoullis experiment are listed below
a) HM150.07
i) Assembly board
ii) Single water pressure gauge
iii) Discharge pipe
iv) Outlet valve
v) Venture tube with 6 measurement points
vi) Compression gland
vii) Probe for measuring overall pressure
viii) Hose connection(water supply)
ix) Valve at water inlet
x) 6-fold water pressure gauge(pressure distribution in venture tube)
4
A quick inspection was performed to ensure that the unit is in proper operating
condition. A hose connection was made and the unit was connected to the nearest
power supply. The discharge pipe was opened. The cap nut (1) of probe compression
gland was set such that the slight resistance is felt on moving probe. The inlet and
outlet valve was opened. The pump was switched on and main cock was slowly
opened. The vent valve (2) on water pressure gauge was opened and outlet cock was
carefully closed until the pressure gauges are flushed. The water level in pressure
gauges was regulated such that neither upper nor lower range limit (UL, LL) is
overshot or undershot, while the inlet and outlet cock was setting simultaneously. The
pressures at all measurement points were recorded. The overall pressure probe was
then moved to corresponding measurement level and the overall pressure was noted.
The volumetric flow rate was determined by using a stopwatch to establish the time
required for raising the level in the volumetric tank from 20 to 30 liters. The steps
were repeated for different flow rate.
5
4) Data and Analysis
h
1
(mmWs)
h
2
(mmWs)
h
3
(mmWs)
h
4
(mmWs)
h
5
(mmWs)
h
6
(mmWs)
Time, s
(10L)
.
V
(mm
3
/s)
h
stat.
265 255 135 210 225 230
92
109 000
h
total
305 307 308 293 285 282
h
dyn.
40 52 173 83 60 52
W
means
28.01 31.94 58.26 40.35 34.31 31.94
W
calc.
321.91 466.81 1288.4 640.42 427.12 321.91
h
stat.
280 270 98 210 228 235
131
71 300
h
total
305 307 310 297 277 266
h
dyn.
25 37 212 87 49 31
W
means
22.15 26.94 64.49 41.32 31.01 24.66
W
calc.
210.57 305.35 842.79 418.92 279.39 210.57
6
i) Set 1
Set 2
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F
l
o
w
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
,
W
Measurement points
Flow velocity(W) versus measurement points
Wmeans
Wcalc
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
F
l
o
w
v
e
l
o
c
i
t
y
,
W
Measurement points
Flow velocity(W) versus measurement points
Wmeans
Wcalc
7
ii) Set 1
Set 2
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
Measurement points
Pressure distribution versus measurement
points
Hstat
Htotal
Hdynamic
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
P
r
e
s
s
u
r
e
d
i
s
t
r
i
b
u
t
i
o
n
Measurement points
Pressure distribution versus measurement
points
Hstat
Htotal
Hdynamic
8
5) Discussion
i) For both set 1 and 2, the