PAB 1042 PAB 1042

INTRODUCTION TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY INTRODUCTION TO THE OIL AND GAS INDUSTRY
DRILLING AND PRODUCING WELL
DRILLING AND PRODUCING WELL
A.P. Aung Kyaw
A.P. Aung Kyaw
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
2
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
A production well is drilled with a
drilling rig located on the production
platform or with a rig close to
platform and production equipment.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
3
INTRODUCTION
INTRODUCTION
u Well is drilled in several stages.
u Normally starts with drilling a hole of 30 to 36 inches diameters
(76 - 91 cm) down to a depth of 150 to 250 m.
u A steel pipe called casing is lowered into the well and cemented
to the wall.
u After the cement has hardened, drilling is resumed with a smaller
drill bit.
u At a certain depth the drilling is stopped and another string of
casing is set and cemented.
u This procedure will be repeated for each string until the well has
reached the depth of the reservoir.
u Number of casing strings may vary from well to well depending
on well depth and formations.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
4
Fig: Assembly of drillstring
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
5
Drill bit: is a cutting tool used to create cylindrical
holes. Rotary table from rotating system
will rotate the Kelly pipe, drill pipe and bit.
Rotating the bit provides an axial force to
create the hole.
Kelly: is a primary link between the drilling rigs
surface equipment and the bit. Kellys are
manufactured with either square or
hexagonal cross-sections. API kellys come in
two standard lengths: 40 ft and 54 ft.
Drill String Components
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
6
Drill String Components
Drill Pipe: is a steel pipe available in three length
ranges: Range 1 (18 to 22 ft), Range 2 (27
to 30 ft) and Range 3 (38 to 45 ft).
Range 2 is the most commonly used one.
25.20 6 5/8
21.90 5 1/2
16.25 5
13.75 4 1/2
14.00 4
9.50 3 1/2
10.40 2 7/8
Nominal weights (lb/ft) Outside diameter (inches)
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
7
Drill String Components
Casing: is a steel pipe used during the drilling
of a well.
Conductor Casing ,Surface Casing,
Intermediate Casing, Production
Casing
Drill Collar: is a steel pipe thicker than drill pipe. It is
used to provide additional weight to the
bit and optimize drilling rates. Length
ranges Range 2 (30, 31 ft) and Range 3
(42, 43
1/2
ft).
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
8
CASING SIZES
u Available Casing Sizes :
36 in. OD
30 in. OD
24 in. OD, 20 in. OD
13 3/8 in. OD, 10 in. OD
9 5/8 in, OD, 7 in. OD
5 in. OD
4 in. OD
4 in. OD
Where OD is Outside Diameter.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
9
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
10
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
11
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
12
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
13
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
14
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
15
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
16
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
For most offshore wells, the types of rig
required will fall into one of three groups
v Jack-ups where the water depth is less than
100m
v Semi-Submersibles in hostile waters too rough
for Drill Ship and depths over 100m
v Drill Ships in calm waters with depths over
100m
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
17
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Jack
Jack
-
-
up Rig
up Rig
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
18
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Jack
Jack
-
-
up
up
Rig
Rig
q Jack-ups are used for most of the offshore exploration
drilling world-wide.
q Jack-up has a floating hull with retractable legs which can
be jacked down to the sea bed. Hull can be lifted until it is
clear off the sea surface. The legs support the hull.
q In shallow and relatively calm waters the Jack up has the
advantage of being able to leave a free standing well with
a surface completion once it is finished.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
19
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Semi Semi- -submersible Rig submersible Rig
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
20
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Semi Semi- -submersible Rig submersible Rig
q Semi-Submersibles are used mostly in the range of
water depths from 100-600 m.
q This rig is not bottom-supported, but it is designed to
float and it can operate in water depths of up to 3000 ft.
q In areas where water depths exceed 100m and heavy
weather can be expected, then semi-submersibles must
be used.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
21
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Drill Ship
Drill Ship
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
22
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
TYPES OF DRILLING RIG
Drill Ship
Drill Ship
q Drill ships are used to drill the well in deep water ( up to
7000 ft ).
q It is most suited in calmer waters and less harsh
environment.
q It can move between locations at high speed compared to
semi-submersible rigs.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
23
TYPES OF LAND RIG
TYPES OF LAND RIG
Land Rig
Land Rig
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
24
LAND RIGS LAND RIGS
XLand rigs
YConventional rigs
Small land rigs
Medium land rigs
Large land rigs
YMobile rigs
Portable mast
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
25
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
Rotary Rig Component Rotary Rig Component
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
26
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
Rotary Rig Component Rotary Rig Component
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
27
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
Three systems
Three systems
(1)
(1)
Hoisting system
Hoisting system
(2)
(2)
Circulating system
Circulating system
(3)
(3)
Rotary system
Rotary system
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
28
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
(1) (1) Hoisting system Hoisting system
A large pulley system which is used to run and A large pulley system which is used to run and
pull equipment into and out of the well. Main pull equipment into and out of the well. Main
component is a draw component is a draw- -work which consists of a work which consists of a
clutch, gear and brake. clutch, gear and brake.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
29
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
(2) (2) Circulating system Circulating system
It is a system It is a system used to circulate drilling fluid down used to circulate drilling fluid down
and up the drilling string and up the drilling string. . Main functions of the Main functions of the
system are system are
2 2 To To remove drilled cuttings remove drilled cuttings from the borehole from the borehole
2 2 To To exert a hydrostatic pressure exert a hydrostatic pressure to prevent to prevent
formation fluid entering the borehole. formation fluid entering the borehole.
Drilling fluid is used as a circulation fluid Drilling fluid is used as a circulation fluid (water + (water +
bentonite bentonite + weighting material + chemicals). + weighting material + chemicals).
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
30
DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS DRILLING RIG COMPONENTS
(3) (3) Rotary system Rotary system
The system is The system is used to rotate the drilling string used to rotate the drilling string
and to rotate the drill bit on the bottom of the and to rotate the drill bit on the bottom of the
hole hole. .
The system The system includes rotary table includes rotary table and and kelly kelly
which is a rectangular which is a rectangular- -shaped pipe placed in shaped pipe placed in
the rotary table the rotary table. .
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
31
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
HOISTING SYSTEM
HOISTING SYSTEM
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
32
One major component system of rotary drilling rig
To support the rotating system in drilling the well by
providing the appropriate equipment and working areas needed
for lifting, lowering and suspending the tremendous weights
Hoisting equipment used to lift, lower and suspend the drilling
stem
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
33
q Draw works
qOverhead tools ( crown block, travelling
block, hook, elevator )
qDrilling line
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
34
uDrawworks: Specialized heavy-duty hoisting winch
uCrown block: An assembly of pulleys called sheaves
uTravelling block: An arrangement of sheaves
uHook: A large hook-shaped device
uElevators: An extremely rugged, heavy duty clamps
uDrilling line: A heavy-duty wire rope
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
35
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
36
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
CIRCULATING SYSTEM
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
37
CIRCULATING SYSTEM CIRCULATING SYSTEM
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
38
Components in Circulating system
1. Mud Pumps: remove large volume of
drilling fluid under high pressure
2. Shale shaker: removes drill cuttings
from the drilling fluid
3. Desander: removes granular waste from
drilling fluid
4. Desilter: removes fine particles from
drilling fluid
5. Degasser: removes entrained gases
from drilling fluid.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
39
DRILLING MUD CIRCULATING SYSTEM DRILLING MUD CIRCULATING SYSTEM
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
40
SYSTEMS SYSTEMS
ROTARY SYSTEM
ROTARY SYSTEM
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
41
Rotary System Rotary System
Drive System Drive System
Top Drive System Kelly and Rotary Drive System
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
42
Rotary System
Major components of rotary system
O Rotary table with Kelly
O Top Drive System
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
43
DRILL BITS DRILL BITS
Drill Bits
Drill Bits
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
44
DRILL BITS DRILL BITS
Types of Drill Bits Types of Drill Bits
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
45
DRILL BITS DRILL BITS
Types of Drill Bits Types of Drill Bits
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
46
DRILL BITS DRILL BITS
Two basic categories Two basic categories: :
1. 1. Roller cutter bit Roller cutter bit (also known as roller cone bit) (also known as roller cone bit)
- - consists of cutting elements arranged on consists of cutting elements arranged on
cones (usually 3 cones cones (usually 3 cones) that ) that rotate on bearings rotate on bearings
about their own axis as the drill string turns the about their own axis as the drill string turns the
body of the bit body of the bit. .
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
47
DRILL BITS DRILL BITS
2. 2. Fixed cutter bit Fixed cutter bit (also known as drag bit) (also known as drag bit)
- - consists of stationary cutting elements and is consists of stationary cutting elements and is
rotated directly by the turning of the drill string. rotated directly by the turning of the drill string.
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
48
DRILLING OPERATION DRILLING OPERATION
DRILLING OPERATION
DRILLING OPERATION
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
49
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
50
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
51
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
52
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
53
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
54
CEMENTING
CEMENTING
CEMENTING
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
55
CEMENTING
CEMENTING
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
56
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
57
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
v Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
58
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
59
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
60
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
61
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
62
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
63
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
64
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Drill production hole
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
65
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Drill production hole
Cement production casing
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
66
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Drill production hole
Cement production casing
Drill production hole
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
67
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Drill production hole
Cement production casing
Drill production hole
Run & set liner
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
68
DRILLING SEQUENCE
DRILLING SEQUENCE
Typical sequence of operation
Rig up
Drill surface hole
Run & set surface casing
Cement surface casing
Drill intermediate hole
Run & set intermediate casing
Cement intermediate casing
Drill production hole
Cement production casing
Drill production hole
Run & set liner
Cement liner
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
69
q A string of tubing is set
from the producing
zones to the surface/
wellhead
q Communicate reservoir
to surface
q Provide conduit for fluid
to flow to the surface
q Control the flow of fluid
reservoir
reservoir
reservoir
reservoir
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
70
Requires special
wellhead and x- mas
tree arrangement
Two wells in
one Conductor
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
71
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
72
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
73
TYPES OF SEPARATOR TYPES OF SEPARATOR
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
74
X-MAS TREE and WELLHEAD
Introduction to Oil and Gas
Industry, PAB 1042
A.P. Aung Kyaw
75
UNITS of Oil and Gas Flow Rate
Oil Flow Rate: bbl/day
(barrels/day)
Gas Flow Rate: MMSCFD
(Million Standard Cubic Feet/day)
1M = 1000 standard cubic feet