LOAD TEST ON SINGLE CYLINDER, 4-S PETROL ENGINE WITH EDDY CURRENT DYNAMOMETER

AIM To conduct load test on single cylinder, 4 stroke petrol engine with eddy current dynamometer and to plot the following constant speed characteristics curves. 1. Specific fuel consumption (SFC) vs Brake Power 2. Mechanical efficiency ( ) vs Brake Power 3. Break thermal efficiency( ) vs Brake Power 4. Indicated thermal efficiency( ) vs Brake Power 5. Volumetric efficiency( ) vs Brake Power 6. Brake Mean effective pressure BMEP vs Brake Power SPECIFICATIONS BHP Speed,N No of cylinders Bore Stroke Orifice diameter : 2.5HP : 3000rpm :1 : 70mm : 66.7mm : 20mm

Arm length of dynamometer: 150mm Calorific Value of petrol : 43534 kJ/Kg

PRECAUTIONS 1. Check the lubricating oil and fuel levels and top up if necessary. 2. Open the engine cooling water inlet and outlet valves. 3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load.

THEORY 1. Output power or brake power, BP= (2NT/60) Torque T= WRg Where N = speed in rpm W = Eddy Current dynamometer reading in kg g = 9.81 m/s R = arm length of dynamometer 2. Total Fuel Consumption = v

/ for time tm sec,

Where

= volume of fuel consumption in m3

= 725 /3 (1) Specific fuel consumption = (2) Indicated Power, Where F.P - is the Frictional Power of the engine taken as 1/3rd of rated B.P (5) Mechanical efficiency, = . 100 % . I.P / . = B.P + F.P

(3) Input Power (Heat energy Input), / = Calorific value ( ) of petrol = 43534 kJ/kg. (4) Brake thermal efficiency, = (5) Indicated thermal efficiency, = (6) Volumetric efficiency = . 100 % / . 100 % /

Hw (a)

Diff

in

manometer

reading

(h1-h2)

= Actual volume of air taken in, ( where a= area of orifice) = 2 / (b) Theoretical volume

. ( )

k= for 4 stroke engine, and k= 1 for 2 stroke engine n = no of cylinders

Volumetric efficiency, =

( ), Mean effective pressure kN/m2 (BMEP) =

7.

Brake

BMEP = .

PROCEDURE Before starting the engine, calculate the maximum load (maximum current) that can be applied on engine by making use of the power equation. Start the engine at no load condition by cranking after switching on the fuel supply. Allow the engine to run for 5 minutes to get heated up. Measure the no load fuel consumption for a particular period of time. Apply the load on the engine by varying current to eddy current dynamometer. Note the spring dial reading (kg). Adjust the speed to the rated RPM by accelerator knob. The time taken for v cc fuel consumption is noted. manometer reading is also noted.. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. Then load is brought to zero and engine is stopped by switching off the ignition key. CALCULATIONS: CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RESULT: INFERENCE: -------------------------------------------------------------------

TABULAR COLUMN

SI N O

Load(W)

Manometric reading h1 h2 hm= h1h2

Time taken for 10ml fuel consumption

Unit

Hair Vact

BP

BMEP TFC

SFC

IP

Power input

kw

kg/s

kg/kwh

kw

kw

LOAD TEST ON TWIN CYLINDER 4 STROKE DIESEL ENGINE (USHA) (with electrical loading system)
AIM: To conduct load test (Constant speed characteristics) on Twin cylinder 4S Diesel Engine with electrical loading system and to plot the following Characteristic Curves.

1. Brake power (B.P) Vs T.F.C (total fuel consumption) 2. B.P Vs S.F.C (Specific fuel consumption) 3. B.P Vs M.E (Mechanical efficiency) 4. B.P Vs B.T.E (brake thermal efficiency) 5. B.P Vs I.T.E (indicated thermal efficiency) 6. B.P. vs. volumetric efficiency 7. Brake Mean effective pressure BMEP vs Brake Power 8. Indicated Mean effective pressure IMEP vs Brake Power

SPECIFICATIONS: Engine make: USHA B.H.P = 10H.P R.P.M = 1500 No. of cylinders = 2 Compression ratio = 17.5:1 Bore =87.5mm Stroke = 110mm Efficiency of Generator = 75% Orifice Diameter =20 mm = 0.62

PRECAUTIONS

1. Fuel and lubricating oil are checked and if needed they are to be supplied. 2. Cooling water inlet and outlet for engine should be opened. 3. Engine should be started and stopped with no load. 4. De-compression liver should be engaged before cranking.

THEORY:

(1) Output Power or Brake Power

. =

(Watts)

V = voltage in Volts I = Current in Amperes

(2) Total fuel consumption

= / for time tm, = 826.5 /3

Where v = volume of fuel consumption in m3

(3) Specific fuel consumption

= / .

(4) Indicated Power,

Where

I.P

B.P + F.P

F.P is the Frictional Power obtained from the characteristic plot (TFC Vs Willanes line method. (5) Mechanical efficiency, = . 100 % .

B.P)-

(5) Input Power (Heat energy Input),

/ = Calorific value ( ) of diesel = 46057kJ/kg.

(6) Brake thermal efficiency,

= . 100 % /

(7) Indicated thermal efficiency,

= . 100 % /

(8) Volumetric efficiency

=

Hw = Manometer reading (h1-h2) (a) Actual volume of air taken in, ( where a= area of orifice)

= 2 /

(b) =

Theoretical volume k= for 4 stroke engine, 1 for 2 stroke engine n = no of cylinders

. ( )

Volumetric efficiency, =

( ),

9.

Brake

Mean

effective

pressure kN/m2

(BMEP)

BMEP = .

10. IMEP =

Indicated

Mean

effective

pressure kN/m2

(IMEP)

PROCEDURE Before starting the engine maximum load that can be applied on the engine is calculated using the power equation. Start the engine at no load condition. Fuel supply is switched on and the decompression lever is engaged. The engine is started by manual cranking. Allow the

engine to run for 5 minutes to get heated up. Measure the time taken for v c.c of fuel
consumption under no load condition. Now the loading is carried out (electrical resistance

loading) by using the selector knob for the required current (load) and time for v cc fuel consumption is noted. The level difference in the water manometer is also noted for each
load. Repeat the experiment up to maximum load. Then the engine is stopped by cutting the fuel supply.

CALCULATIONS:

CHARACTERISTIC CURVES RESULT: INFERENCE: