Chapter 1 Page 20: Problem 23:

Solve the following problem and express the answer in meters per second (m/s) with the appropriate number of significant figures. (3.21 m)/(7.00 ms) = ? [Hint: Note that ms stands for milliseconds.]

Answer:
= (7.00 ms) 7.00/1000 = 7 X10 s = 3.21 m V =3.21/7 X10 = 458.57 m/s = 459 m/s

Page 20: Problem 37:

Blood flows through the aorta at an average speed of v= 18 cm/s. The aorta is roughly cylindrical with a radius r = 12 mm. The volume rate of blood flow through the aorta is rv. Calculate the volume rate of blood flow through the aorta in L/min

Answer:
Q = rv Q = x (1.2) x 18 Q = x 1.44 x 18 Q =81.43008158 1 L/min = 16.67 cm/s Q =81.43008158/16.67 =4.884 L/min = 4.9 L/min

Page 21: Problem 51:

Estimate the average mass of a person's leg?

Answer:
Suppose that your legs represent 40% of persons body so, depending on persons weight. For example if a persons weight is 100 kg (0.40x100) = 40 for both legs weight. Each leg would weight (40/2) = 20kg

Chapter 2 Page 64: Problem 11:

Rank the vectors: , and in order of increasing magnitude. Explain your reasoning.

Answer:

6N 8N

8N
W

4N
E

4N Figure 1

Each grid square is 2N on a side D= 8+6 D= 64+36 D= 100 = E = 8+4 E = 64+16 E = 80 = = 4 = 10N

In the graph, the vectors sum of forces + + if each grid square is 2N on a side

= 2N x 2 grid = 4N Vectors , and in order of increasing magnitude. Will be by the following , ,

Page 66: Problem 39:

A truck driving on a level highway is acted upon by the following forces: a downward gravitational force of 52 kN (kilonewtons); an upward contact force due to the road of 52 kN; another contact force due to the road of 7 kN, directed east; and a drag force due to air resistance of 5 kN, directed west. What is the net force acting on the truck?

Answer:
The net force acting on truck is 2 kN because the gravitational force is downward in direction and equal force is acting in opposite direction that's why they did not affect the truck but the drag force due to air resistance is not equal to contact force due to road but they are opposite in direction so the difference between them is the force acting on the truck. Fnet = 7-5 = 2 kN directed east This is the force acting on the truck.

Page 66: Problem 45:

A fish is suspended by a line from a fishing rod. Identify the forces acting on the fish and describe the interaction partner of each.

Answer:
Newtons Third Law: An interaction between the two forces is equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

Page 68: Problem 65:

The Space Shuttle carries a satellite in its cargo bay and places it into orbit around the Earth. Find the ratio of the Earth's gravitational force on the satellite when it is on a launch pad at the Kennedy Space Center to the gravitational force exerted when the satellite is orbiting 6.0 x 10 km above the launch pad.

Answer:
Here we need to know the ratio of the Earths gravitational force on the satellite when it is on a lunch pad at the Kennedy Space Center. After checking internet resources shows that it's about 6370 Km. So the gravitational force exerted when the satellite is orbiting 6.0 x 10 km above the launch pad is: (6370/(6370+6.0 x 10)) = (6370/12370). Gravity follows the inverse square law, so the launch-to-orbit ratio for Earth gravitation will be: (12370/6370) = 3.7710 3.77 Approximately.

Page 70: Problem 91:

Two boxes with different masses are tied together on a frictionless ramp surface. What is the tension in each of the cords?

Answer:

Lower cord = g sin = 0

= 8.3N Upper cord = = 12.4N g sin =0

Chapter 3 Page 111: Problem 11:

You will be hiking to a lake with some of your friends by following the trails indicated on a map at the trailhead. The map says that you will travel 1.6 mi directly north, then 2.2 mi in a direction 35 east of north, then finally 1.1 mi in a direction 15 north of east. At the end of this hike, how far will you be from where you started, and what direction will you be from your starting point?

Answer:

y= 1.6mi + (2.2 mi) Sin55+ (1.1 mi) Sin15 = 3.7 mi r=( ) ( ) = ( ) ( ) = 4.36 mi

= So,

= 57.8 north of east = 4.4 miles at 58 north of east

Page 112: Problem 17:

From problem 7 during Michaelas from Killarney to Cork via Mallow her travel time is 48 minute. (a) What is her average speed in m/s? (b) What is the magnitude of her average velocity in m/s?

Answer:
(a) The average speed from Killarney to Cork via Mallow is A = X/T = (22+39)/48 =1.271 Km/m = 1.27 x (1000/60) =21.2m/s Approximately 21m/s

(b) Michaelas average velocity = X/T 45/48=0.937 Km/m =0.937 x (1000/60) =15.625m/s Approximately 15.63m/s

Page 114: Problem 59:

an astronaut is playing shuffleboard on Earth. the puck has a mass of 2.0 kg. Between the board and puck the coefficient of static friction is 0.35 and of kinetic friction is 0.25. (a) If she pushes the puck with a force of 5.0 N in the forward direction, does the puck move? (b) As she is pushing, she trips and the force in the forward direction suddenly becomes 7.5 N. Does the puck move? (c) If so, what is the acceleration of the puck along the board if she maintains contact between puck and stick as she regains her footing while pushing steadily with the force of 6.0 N on the puck? (d) She carries her game to the Moon and again pushes a moving puck with a force of 6.0 N forward. Will the acceleration of the puck during contact be more, the same, or less than on Earth? Explain. (Connect tutorial: rough table)

Answer: = 0.35 , = 0.25

F= 0.35x 2x9.81=6.86 N 6.86 N > 5N Puck does not move

(A)

F= 0.35x2x9.81=6.86 N
5N

(B)

6.86 N < 7.5N Puck will move

7.5 N (2*9.81) N 2kg

(2*9.81) N 2kg

6N = ma

(C)

There is no gravity on
the moon.
6N N

(D)

6-0.25 x (2*9.81) = 6.86 N a = 0.55 m/s

Puck will move more The force of friction

will be less on the moon.

2a

Chapter 4

Page 148: Problem 8:

A train is traveling south at 24.0 m/s when the brakes are applied. It slows down with a constant acceleration to a speed of 6.00 m/s in a time of 9.00 s. (a) Draw a graph of vx versus t for a 12-s interval (starting 2 s before the brakes are applied and ending 1 s after the brakes are released). Let the x-axis point to the north. (b) What is the acceleration of the train during the 9.00-s interval? (c) How far does the train travel during the 9.00 s?

Answer:
(a) (m/s) 24 16 8 0 0 4 8 12 t(s)

(b) 2 m/s north (c) 135 meters

Page 148: Problem 14:

You are driving your car along a country road at a speed of 27.0 m/s. As you come over the crest of a hill, you notice a farm tractor 25 m ahead of you on the road, moving in the same direction as you at a speed of 10.0 m/s. You immediately slam on your brakes and slow down with a constant acceleration of magnitude 7 m/s. Will you hit the tractor before you stop? How far will you travel before you stop or collide with the tractor? If you stop, how far is the tractor in front of you when you finally stop?

Answer:
- distance - time - acceleration (9.8 m/s assuming the ball's dropped on earth) - Velocity Initial (in this case 0) , , ,

Approximately

) (

Approximately Yes you will hit the tractor before stopping.

Page 149: Problem 27:

How long does it take for a golf ball to fall from rest for a distance of 12.0 m? (a) How long does it take for a golf ball to fall from rest for a distance of 12.0 m? (b) How far would the ball fall in twice that time?

Answer:
Using the equation: d = ut + 0.5 at2 d - distance t - time a - acceleration (9.8 m/s assuming the ball's dropped on earth) u - Velocity Initial (in this case 0) Therefore: d = 0.5(a)(t) and t = t= ( ) t = 1.5583 seconds t = 1.56 seconds approximately

(b) Then using the distance as mentioned above: d = 0.5at d = 0.5(9.8)(3.12) d = 47.69856 meters d = 47.70 meters Twice the distance = 48 meters approximately

Chapter 5 Page 185: Problem 7:

A bicycle is moving at 9.0 m/s. What is the angular speed of its tires if their radius is 35 cm? (Connect tutorial: car tire)

Answer:
The linear speed is related to the angular speed by the equation: unknown: Angular speed, = ? v = R v =9.0 m/s R = 35 cm = 0.35 m Then = = = 26 rad/s

What is the value in terms of rpm? Remember 1 revolution = 2 rad. = 26 = 26 X X

Page 187: Problem 33:

What is the linear speed of earth about the sun?

Answer:
Let r = (1.50 x 10 m) Diameter = 2r = 2 (1.50 x 10 m) = 3.00 x 10 m Circumference = x Diameter Circumference = 3.14 x 3.00 x 10 m Circumference = 9.42 x 10 m

Linear speed = Distance / time Time = 365.3 days (24 hrs/1 day) (3600 seconds/1 hr) Linear speed = 9.42 x 10 m / 31561920 seconds Linear speed = 29846.1 meters per second This is equivalent to 66.761 mph The average linear speed of earth about the sun is 29846.1 m/s

Page 187: Problem 35:

Two satellites are in circular orbits around Jupiter. One with orbital radius, r makes one revolution every 16 h, the other has orbital radius 4.0r. How long for the second satellite to make one revolution around Jupiter?

Answer:
Using Keplers 3rd law and solve it for mass (M): T = 4r/GM M = 4r /GT We can do this, because the mass of Jupiter is constant. Then we may write for the satellite which has orbital radius of r: M = 4r/GT (1) For the satellite of orbital radius 4.0r: M = 4 (4.0r)/GT = 256r/GT (2) Setting (1) equal to (2) and solving for the unknown T: 4r/GT = 256r/GT T = *64T+ = *64(16h)+ = 128h So its orbital period is 128 hours. By approximation it will be 130 hours.

Chapter 7 Page 262: Problem 18:

A 3.0 kg body is initially moving northward at 15 m/s. Then a force of 15 N, toward the east, acts on it for 4.0 s. a) at the end of the 4.0 s, what is the body's final velocity? b) What is the change in momentum during the 4.0 s?

Answer:
F = MA 15 = 3(a) A = 5m/s V(f) = V(o) + AT T= 4s V(f) = 15 + 5x4 V(f) = 35 Impulse = f x t = change of momentum Change of momentum = 15.4 kg m/s = 60 kg m/s

Page 263: Problem 23:

A rifle has a mass of 4.5 kg and it fires a bullet of 10.0 grams at a muzzle speed of 820 m/s. What is the recoil speed of the rifle as the bullet leaves the gun barrel?

Answer:
As long as the rifle is horizontal, there will be no net external force acting on the rifle-bullet system and Momentum will be conserved.

= 0= + = = ( ) 820 m/s = 1.82 m/s

Page 263: Problem 28:

An astronaut is playing shuffleboard on Earth. The puck has a mass of 2.0 kg. Between the board and puck the coefficient of static friction is 0.35 and of kinetic friction is 0.25. (a) If she pushes the puck with a force of 5.0 N in the forward direction, does the puck move? (b) As she is pushing, she trips and the force in the forward direction suddenly becomes 7.5 N. Does the puck move? (c) If so, what is the acceleration of the puck along the board if she maintains contact between puck and stick as she regains her footing while pushing steadily with the force of 6.0 N on the puck? (d) She carries her game to the Moon and again pushes a moving puck with a force of 6.0 N forward. Will the acceleration of the puck during contact be more, the same, or less than on Earth? Explain.

Answer:
a) s = fs / N- N = m x a = 2 x 10 = 20 N 0.35 = fs / 20 fs = 20 x 0.35 = 7N The horizontal (pushing) force (F) = 5N

fs > F then the puck will not move

b) When F = 7.5 N

fs < F then the puck will move

c) k = fk/ N 0.25 = fk / N fk = 0.25 x 20 = 5N

moving (pushing) force (F) = fk + Fnet

So: Fnet = F - fk Fnet = 6-5 = 1N Fnet = m x a 1 = 2 x a a = = 0.5 m/s2 d) the gravity of moon equal 1/6 of the earths gravity So the gravity on moon (Nmoon) = 20 x 1/6 = 3.33 N So k = fk/ N 0.25 = fk/ 3.33 fk = 0.25 x 3.33 = 0.832N Since moving (pushing) force (F) = fk + Fnet So: Fnet = F - fk Fnet = 6-0.832 = 5.16 N Fnet = m x a 5.16 = 2 x a a =5.16 /2 = 2.5 m/s2 So the acceleration of the puck during contact will be more than on Earth