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Department of Commerce Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Scheme Export House Status Holders Scheme Vishesh Krishi And

Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY) Focus Market Scheme (FMS) Market Access Initiative Market Development Initiative Scheme Focus Product Scheme (FPS) Advance Authorisation Scheme Duty Free Import Authorization (DFIA) Scheme Duty Entitlement Passbook (DEPB) Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme National Export Insurance Account (NEIA)

Special Economic Zones: Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, was passed by Parliament in May, 2005 and received Presidential assent on the 23rd of June, 2005. The act envisages that the SEZs would attract a large flow of foreign and domestic investment in infrastructure and productive capacity leading to generation of additional economic activity and creation of employment opportunities. Salient Features A SEZ is a designated duty free enclave to be treated as foreign territory for the purpose of trade operations and duties and tariffs. A SEZ does not require a license for imports. Other notable features are as follows: The units must become net foreign exchange earners within 3 years SEZ are allowed manufacturing, trading and service activities. Full freedom for subcontracting. The domestic sales from the SEZ are subject to full custom duties and import policy is in force, when they sell their produce to domestic markets. There was no routine examination by the custom authorities. The corporation in SEZs will not have to pay any income tax on their profits for the first five years and only 50% of the tax for 2 more years thereafter.

If half of the profit is reinvested in the corporation, the concession of 50% tax is extendable for next 3 years For SEZ developers , the raw material from cement to steel to electrical parts are subject to zero tax and duty. For the SEZ, the Government acquires vast land tracts and gives to the developers. The basic condition involves that 25% of the area of the SEZ must be used only for export related activities. Rest 75% area can be used for economical and social infrastructure. However, all SEZ benefits are applicable over the entire SEZ area. There were provisions for sector specific SEZs and Multiproduct SEZs. The Sector specific SEZ may have 7500 houses, hotels with 100 rooms, 25 bed hospital , schools and other institutions, a multiplex in 50000 sq. meters. Multiproduct SEZ are allowed to build 25000 houses. 250 room hotel and 100 bed hospital along with a multiplex with 2 lakh sq. meters. How a SEZ is created? There is a well-defined approval mechanism for SEZ. The developer submits the proposal for establishment of SEZ to the concerned State Government. The net worth of the applicant is to be Rs 50 crore minimum and investment criterion of Rs. 250 Crore for sector specific SEZ. Net worth for Multiproduct SEZ was fixed Rs. 250 Crore and investment of ` 1000 Crore. The State Government has to forward the proposal with its recommendation within 45 days from the date of receipt of such proposal to the Board of Approval. However, the applicant also has the option to submit the proposal directly to the Board of Approval. The Board of Approval has been constituted by the Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred under the SEZ Act. All the decisions are taken in the Board of Approval by consensus. The Board of Approval has 19 Members. The Chairman of the BoA is Secretary, Department of Commerce. The Board may approve as such or modify and approve a proposal for establishment of a Special Economic Zone, in accordance with the SEZ Rules, subject to the requirements of minimum area of land and other terms and conditions indicated in the SEZ Rules. Once the BOA gives formal approval and the concerned Development Commissioner gives an inspection report certifying the contiguity and vacancy of the area, the area is notified as SEZ. Minimum Land Area Requirements Minimum area requirements for setting up a SEZ are as follows: Type of SEZ Minimum Area Requirements Multi Sector SEZ 500 hectares* Sector Specific SEZ 50 hectares* *Effective April 2013 In order to provide greater flexibility in operation and efficiency in use of infrastructure, it has now been decided in April 2013 that for every additional 50 hectares of contiguous area, an additional sector would be allowed on a graded scale to be added in the existing SEZ.

To provide greater flexibility in utilizing land tracts falling between 50-450 hectares, it has been decided to introduce a Graded Scale for Minimum Land Criteria which would permit a SEZ an additional sector for each contiguous 50 hectare parcel of land. This will also bring about more efficient use of the infrastructure facilities created in such an SEZ. Further flexibility to set up additional units in a sector specific SEZ is being provided by introducing Sectoral broad-banding to encompass similar / related areas under the same sector. On the issues relating to Vacancy of Land, while the existing policy allows for parcels of land with pre-existing structures not in commercial use to be considered as vacant land for the purpose of notifying an SEZ, it has now been decided that additions to such pre-existing structures and activities being undertaken after notification would be eligible for duty benefits similar to any other activity in the SEZ. Minimum Builtup Criteria: The minimum built-up area criteria requirement has been considerably relaxed from April 2013 at one lakh m for Mumbai, Delhi (NCR), Chennai, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pune and Kolkata. For class B-cities, minimum built-up area would be 50,000 m. For other cities, 25,000 sq. m. built-up area norm would be applicable. To provide greater flexibility in utilising land tracts falling between 50 hectares and 450 hectares, it had been decided to introduce 'graded scale' for minimum land criteria which would permit a SEZ an additional sector for each contiguous 50 hectare parcel of land. Fiscal benefits for a SEZ in a nutshell Single window clearance for Central and State level approvals. Customs and Excise Duty free import (or domestic procurement), without any license or specific approval, of capital goods, raw materials, consumables, spares, packing materials, office equipment, and anything else required for implementation of their project in SEZ. Generous 5 year period for utilization of goods imported duty-free or goods procured locally. Exemption of domestic sales from Special Additional Duty (SAD). Domestic sales of finished products or by-products, on payment of the applicable Customs duty. Domestic sales of rejects, waste and scrap, on payment of the applicable Customs duty. Income Tax Physical export benefit, 100% exemption from Income Tax under Sec 10A of the Income Tax Act, ---, for the first 5 years, and 50% exemption for the next 5 years, Exemption from minimum alternate tax under section 115JB of the Income Tax Act.

Reinvestment allowance of up to 50% of ploughed back profits for next 5 years, Carry forward of losses to the next financial / accounting year Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) 100% FDI under the automatic route is allowed in SEZ units in the manufacturing sector, except in the following areas: arms and ammunition, explosive, atomic substance, narcotics and hazardous chemicals, distillation and brewing of alcoholic drinks and cigarettes, cigars and manufactured tobacco substitutes. There is no cap on foreign investments for items reserved for small scale industries. Banking / Insurance / External Commercial Borrowings Setting up of Off-shore Banking Units (OBU) is permitted in SEZ, OBUs are allowed 100% Income Tax exemption on profits for 3 years and 50% exemption for the next two years, External commercial borrowings by SEZ units, up to $500 million a year, is allowed without any restrictions on maturity, Entrepreneurs have freedom to bring in export proceeds without any time limit, SEZ units can keep 100% of export proceeds in an EEFC (Exchange Earner Foreign currency) account and make overseas investment from this account, Commodity hedging is permitted, SEZ units are exempt from the interest surcharge on import finance, SEZ units are allowed to write-off unrealized export bills. Central Sales Tax Act SEZ units are exempt from paying Central Sales Tax on sales made from Domestic Tariff Area to other SEZ units Service Tax SEZ units are exempt from Service Tax. The taxable services provided to a unit located in a SEZ would be exempt from service tax only if the services are consumed within the SEZ. Environment SEZ units are exempt from public hearing under Environment Impact Assessment Notification, SEZ is providing a CETP for Chemical, Textile & other industries whose effluent needs to be treated, Marine discharge facilities can be made available Companies Act Directors of SEZ units do not have to fulfil the requirement of 12 months domicile in India prior to appointment as Director, Sub-Contracting/Contract Farming,SEZ units are allowed to sub-contract part of their production to units in the Domestic Tariff Area or to other Export Oriented Units or SEZ units, SEZ units may also sub-contract part of their production abroad, Agro industries in SEZ are allowed to provide inputs and equipment to contract farmers in the Domestic Tariff Area for their supplies. Monitoring A Unit Approval Committee, consisting of the Development Commissioner, Custom authorities and representative of the State Government, monitors SEZ units on an

annual basis. There is a current issue in this context. The Directors, STPI, have been declared Development commissioners (DCs) for the IT SEZs under their respective jurisdiction. An STPI is under administrative control of the Department of Information Technology. Other multi-product and sector-specific SEZs are under the charge of DCs appointed by the Department of Commerce. However a number of issues, for example processing of notification of IT SEZs, coordination with state governments etc, relating to IT SEZs are also looked after by the DCs appointed by the Department of Commerce. This leads to a situation of dual control adversely impacting effective coordination and needs to be resolved. Can SEZ units sell to other units in SEZ? Yes. Inter Unit Sales are permitted according to the SEZ Policy which also stipulates that a SEZ unit procuring from another SEZ unit pays in any Foreign Convertible Currency. Such sales will be a part of the positive foreign exchange earning of the selling unit. For multi product SEZ with cluster formation, there is a huge opportunity for SEZ units for sale within the zone. Current Number of Special Economic Zones in India The Special Economic Zones (SEZs) scheme has been a key instrument for promoting exports from India. At present, 389 SEZs have been notified of which 170 are functional and they employ over one million persons. India has received investment of over Rs. 2.36 lakh crores in SEZs and exports from SEZs have seen a dramatic jump from Rs. 22,840 crores in 2005-06 to Rs. 4.76 lakh crores in 201213, a growth of over 2000% over the 7 year period. Exports from SEZs during the last financial year have registered a growth of over 31% over the previous year. Undoubtedly, these are significant achievements, but the SEZ scheme has not been able to realize its full potential so far. Statewise Distribution of SEZ in India SEZs Sectors Formal approvals Distribution In- Notified SEZs principle approvals 6 16 6 1 3 7 1 0 3 1 76 64 53 41 35 32 21 20 11 10

Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Karnataka Haryana Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Kerala West Bengal Rajasthan

109 103 69 62 46 47 34 29 20 10

Madhya Pradesh Orissa Goa Chandigargh

19 10 7 2

2 1 0 0 0

6 5 3 22 1

Dadra and 2 Nagar haveli Jharkhand Nagaland Uttarakhand Delhi Pondicherry Punjab Chattisgarh Grand total 1 2 2 3 1 8 2 588

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 49

1 1 1 0 0 2 1 386

Export House Status Holders: Merchant as well as Manufacturer Exporters, Service Providers, Export Oriented Units (EOUs) and Units located in Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Agri. Export Zones (AEZs), Electronic Hardware Technology Parks (EHTPs), Software Technology Parks (STPs) and Bio-Technology Parks (BTPs) are recognized as various status holders as follows: Status Category Export in Rs. Crore (Annual) Export House (EH) 20 Star Export House (SEH) 100 Trading House (TH) 500 Star Trading House (STH) 2500 Premier Trading House (PTH) 7500 A Status Holder is eligible for many benefits such as Self declaration during custom clerances Exception from some documents and receipts Various incentives Vishesh Krishi And Gram Udyog Yojana. Vishesh Krishi And Gram Udyog Yojana (VKGUY) compensates the high transport costs (from village to port / airport for export) and offset other disadvantages to promote exports of the following products: Agricultural Produce and their value added products; Minor Forest Produce and their value added variants; Gram Udyog Products; Forest Based Products; and other such products notified. What is actually done in this scheme is that government returns the 5% of FOB value of exports (in free foreign exchange) as the so called Duty Credit Scrip. In case of flowers, Fruits, Vegetables, this is 2%. Market Access Initiative (MAI): Market Access Initiative (MAI) is a Plan scheme launched in 2003 with an objective to work as a catalyst to promote Indias exports on a sustained

basis, based upon Focus Product and Focus Market concept. Under the Scheme, assistance is extended to the Departments of Central Government and organizations of Central/State Governments, Export Promotion Councils, Registered Trade Promotion organizations, commodity Boards, recognized Apex Trade Bodies and Recognized Industrial Clusters and individual Exporters (only for product registration and testing charges for engineering products abroad). Challenge Fund Challenge Fund was set up under the MAI scheme with an objective to enable the Indian Missions abroad to better coordinate, synergize and facilitate India's export promotion activities. Under this scheme, the Indian Missions would bid for support from the Fund by submitting innovative export promotion project proposals, with priority for focused, specific projects with quantifiable/tangible results.

Market Development Assistance (MDA) Scheme This scheme is being implemented to assist exporters for their participation in approved EPC/Trade Promotion Organizations led export promotion events abroad. In this scheme the Export Promotion Council (EPCs) are also assisted to undertake export promotion activities for their product(s) and commodities. Besides, the approved organizations/ trade bodies in undertaking exclusive nonrecurring innovative activities connected with export promotion efforts for their members are also supported. The scheme also assists in the export promotion programmes such as FOCUS (LAC) (Latin American Countries), Focus (Africa), Focus (CIS) (Commonwealth of Independent States) and Focus(ASEAN+2). Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme India had two variants of EPCG Scheme viz. Zero Duty EPCG for few sectors and 3% Duty EPCG for all sectors. On 5th June, 2012, a new Post Export EPCG Scheme was also announced which was notified on 18 February, 2013 by the CBEC. From April 2013, the government has merged Zero Duty EPCG and 3% EPCG Scheme into one scheme which is now known as Zero Duty EPCG Scheme covering all sectors. EPCG is a zero duty scheme which allows the import of capital goods such as machinery for preproduction, production and post production of export items. But it is not a free lunch. The duty free import by an exporter has to be paid back in the form of an export obligation equivalent to 6 times of duty saved on capital goods imported under EPCG scheme, to be fulfilled in 6 years reckoned from Authorization issue-date. This means that if an exporter imports a tool making machine and saves an import duty of Rs. 100, he will have make the tools and export tools worth minimum Rs. 600 within 6 years. Salient Features Authorization holders will have export obligation of 6 times the duty saved amount. The export obligation has to be completed in a period of 6 years. The period for import under the Scheme would be 18 months. Export obligation discharge by export of alternate products as

well as accounting of exports of group companies will not be allowed. The exporters who have availed benefits under Technology Upgradation Fund Scheme (TUFS) administered by Ministry of Textiles, can also avail the benefit of Zero duty EPCG Scheme. The import of motor cars, SUVs, all purpose vehicles for hotels, travel agents, or tour transport operators and companies owning/operating golf resorts will not allowed under the new Zero Duty EPCG Scheme. Reduced EO for Domestic Sourcing of Capital Goods The quantum of specific Export Obligation (EO) in the case of domestic sourcing of capital goods under EPCG authorizations has been reduced by 10%. This would promote domestic manufacturing of capital goods. Reduced EO for units in the State of Jammu & Kashmir In order to encourage manufacturing activity in the State of Jammu & Kashmir, it has been decided to reduce the specific export obligation (EO) to 25% of the normal export obligation. Earlier, this benefit was announced on 5th June, 2012 in respect of units located in North Eastern Region and Sikkim. This provision is now being extended to J&K.

Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion National Investment and Manufacturing Zones Geographical Indications Registry National Manufacturing Competitiveness Council

Department of Food and Public Distribution Sugar Development Fund Village Grain Bank Scheme Sugar Development Fund: The Sugar Cess Act, 1982 provides for levy of cess, which currently is Rs. 24 per quintal with effect from 1st March, 2008 on production of Sugar for credit to the Consolidated Fund of India. The Sugar Development Fund Act, 1982 provides for transfer of an amount equivalent to the cess collected, reduced by the cost of collection to the Sugar Development Fund, to be used for development of sugar industry and for matters connected therewith or incidentals thereto by making loans, grants and other expenditure relating to development of Sugar Industry. Thus, the amount collected as cess via the Sugar Cess Act, 1982 is transferred from the Consolidated Fund of India to Sugar Development Fund as per the Sugar Development Fund Act, 1982. Please note that that Sugar Development Fund is maintained as a part of Public Account of India.

Village Grain Bank Scheme: Village Grain Bank scheme is being implemented since November 2004 by the Department of Food & Public Distribution. The scheme aims to help marginalised food insecure households who do not have sufficient resources to purchase rations during lean season or natural calamities. Such households in need of food grains, can borrow them from the village grain banks set up within their villages to be subsequently returned to the bank. Such banks can be set up in food scarce areas like drought prone areas, hot and cold desert areas, tribal areas and the inaccessible hilly areas which remain cut off because of natural calamities like flood etc. About 3040 below Poverty Line/Antyodaya Anna Yojna families may form a grain bank. These villages are to be identified/notified by the concerned State Government/Union Territories. Food grains are loaned to BPL families at the rate of one quintal per family under village grain bank scheme. So far (January 2013), the government has sanctioned 21,751 village grain banks in 20 states so far to provide safeguard against starvation during the period of lean season or natural calamities.

Ministry of DONER North Eastern Region Livelihood Project (NERLP)

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation National Rural Drinking Water Programme Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(NBA) and Nirmal Gram Puraskar National Rural Drinking Water Programme: The National Rural Drinking Water Programme (NRDWP) is a flagship programme of the Government and a component of the Bharat Nirman with the objective of ensuring provision of safe and adequate drinking water supply through handpumps, piped water supply etc. to all rural areas, households and persons. This programme was launched after merging the three erstwhile programmes on__: Accelerated Rural Water Supply Programme-ARWSP

Swajaldhara National Rural Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance. Under this Centrally Sponsored Scheme financial assistance is provided to States/Uts for Coverage of all rural habitations, including quality affected habitations with safe drinking water provision; Sustainability measures for drinking water sources & systems; Operation & Maintenance of existing rural water supply schemes, Support activities like IEC, training, MIS & Computerization etc. and Water Quality Monitoring and Surveillance. Funds:In the Union Budget 2013-14, an amount of Rs. 11000 crore has been made for NRDWP and the rural water supply sector including Rs. 1100 crore earmarked for NorthEastern Region and Sikkim. Further, 22% of the total allocation i.e. Rs. 2420 crore and 10% amounting to Rs. 1100 crore is earmarked for meeting expenditure on Scheduled Caste SubPlan and Tribal Sub-Plan respectively. Components: The NRDWP has following six components: NRDWP (Coverage), NRDWP (Sustainability) NRDWP (Water quality) NRDWP (DDP areas) NRDWP (Natural calamity) NRDWP (Support) In accordance with the policy of Government of India, the Department of Drinking Water Supply has earmarked 10% of the total Central outlay for the programme for the NE States Involvement of PRIs As per the 73rd Amendment to the Constitution, the responsibility for drinking water may be devolved to the panchayati raj institutions (PRIs). In many States, rural drinking water schemes have been transferred to PRIs for operation and maintenance. To encourage this aspect and involve PRIs in O&M, the Government of India has revised its guidelines for the rural water supply scheme to provide for a 10% weightage in allocation of funds to States. This weightage is given for the rural population managing their water supply schemes. Objectives / Norms for providing drinking water: The Objectives of this programme is to provide: 40 liters per capita per day (lpcd) of safe drinking water for human beings, 30 lpcd additional for cattle in the Desert Development Programme Areas, One hand-pump or stand post for every 250 persons. The water source should exist within the habitation / within 1.6 km in the plains and within 100 mtrs. elevation in the hilly areas Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan(NBA) and Nirmal Gram Puraskar: Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan was earlier known as Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC). Under this programme, Projects have been launched in the entire rural India covering 607 Districts in 30 States/Uts. Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (NBA) envisages covering the entire community for saturated outcomes with a view to create Nirmal Gram Panchayats with following priorities: Provision of Individual Household Latrine (IHHL) of both Below Poverty Line (BPL) and Identified Above Poverty Line (APL) households within a Gram Panchayat (GP). For this,

Gram Panchayats where all habitations have access to water to be taken up. Priority may be given to Gram Panchayats having functional piped water supply. Provision of sanitation facilities in Government Schools and Anganwadis in Government buildings within these GPs. Solid and Liquid Waste Management (SLWM) for proposed and existing Nirmal Grams. Extensive capacity building of the stake holders like Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs), Village Water and Sanitation Committees (VWSCs) and field functionaries for sustainable sanitation. Appropriate convergence with MNREGS with unskilled man-days and skilled man-days. Objectives The main objectives of the NBA are as under: Bring about an improvement in the general quality of life in the rural areas. Accelerate sanitation coverage in rural areas. to achieve the vision of Nirmal Bharat by 2022 with all gram Panchayats in the country attaining Nirmal status. Motivate communities and Panchayati Raj Institutions promoting sustainable sanitation facilities through awareness creation and health education. To cover the remaining schools not covered under Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) and Anganwadi Centres in the rural areas with proper sanitation facilities and undertake proactive promotion of hygiene education and sanitary habits among students. Encourage cost effective and appropriate technologies for ecologically safe and sustainable sanitation. Develop community managed environmental sanitation systems focusing on solid & liquid waste management for overall cleanliness in the rural areas. Strategy The strategy is to transform rural India into 'Nirmal Bharat' by adopting the 'community led' and 'people centered' strategies and community saturation approach. A "demand driven approach" is to be continued with emphasis on awareness creation and demand generation for sanitary facilities in houses, schools and for cleaner environment. Alternate delivery mechanisms would be adopted to meet the community needs. The provision of incentives for individual household latrine units to the poorest of the poor households has been widened to cover the other needy households too so as to attain community outcomes. Availability of water in the Gram Panchayat shall be an important factor for sustaining sanitation facilities created. Rural School Sanitation remains a major component and an entry point for wider acceptance of sanitation by the rural people. Wider technology options are being provided to meet the customer preferences and locationspecific needs. Intensive IEC Campaign is the corner stone of the programme involving Panchayati Raj Institutions, Co-operatives, ASHA, Anganwadi workers, Women Groups, Self Help Groups, NGOs etc. A roadmap for engagement of corporate houses is being introduced. More transparent system involving social audit and active people's participation in the implementation process of NBA is being introduced. Convergence with MNREGS

shall also be important to facilitate the rural households with fund availability for creating their own sanitation facilities. Implementation For implementation of this scheme, the Gram Panchayat is the base unit. A project proposal that emanates from a district is scrutinized and consolidated by the State Government and transmitted to the Government of India (Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation) as a State Plan. NBA is to be implemented in phases with start-up activities. Funds are to be made available for preliminary IEC work. The physical implementation gets oriented towards satisfying the felt-needs, wherein individual households choose from a menu of options for their household latrines. The built-in flexibility in the menu of options gives the poor and the disadvantaged families' opportunity for subsequent upgradation depending upon their requirements and financial position. In the "campaign approach", a synergistic interaction between the Government agencies and other stakeholders is essential. To bring about the desired behavioural changes for relevant sanitary practices, intensive IEC and advocacy, with participation of NGOs/Panchayati Raj Institutions/resource organizations is envisaged. NBA will be implemented with a district as the project. The States/UTs are expected to prepare/revise NBA Projects for all the districts, consolidate at State level as State Plan and submit before the Government of India. Funds A provision of ` 4260 crore has been made for Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan in Union Budget 2013-14 including ` 426 crore for North-Eastern Region and Sikkim for the year 2013-14. Nirmal Gram Puraskar The "Nirmal Gram Puraskar" "Clean Village Award" was started in 2005 under Total Sanitation Campaign (TSC) to honor, felicitate and encourage those Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) which have achieved full sanitation coverage in their area of operation and become Open Defecation Free and clean villages, for making TSC into a mass movement. A "Nirmal Gram" is an "Open Defecation Free" village where all houses, Schools and Anganwadis having sanitary toilets and awareness amongst community on the importance of maintaining personal and community hygiene and clean environment. As per the available information, Sikkim has been the first Nirmal State in the country having achieved full sanitation coverage. The concept of Nirmal Gram Puraskar has been acclaimed internationally as a unique tool of social engineering and community mobilization and has helped a difficult program like rural sanitation to pick up. After TSC was launched in 1999, average coverage between 2001 to 2004 rose to 3% annually.

Department of Economic Affairs National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF) Central Road Fund National Clean Energy Fund (NCEF): NCEF was proposed in Union Budget 2010-11 for funding research and innovative projects in clean energy technology. In many areas of the country pollution level has reached alarming proportions. While it must be ensured that the principal of a "polluter pays" remains the basic guiding criteria for pollution management, there should also be a positive thrust for development of clean energy. And to build the purpose of the NCEF, the Government of India proposed to levy a clean energy cess on coal produced in India at a nominal rate of Rs.50 per tonne, which will also be applicable to imported coal. By the end of March 2012, NCEF was worth Rs 3,864-crore. The latest Economic Survey said that government expects to collect Rs 10,000 crore under the Clean Energy Fund by 2015. The government has so far not declared how they are going to use this money. An allocation of Rs 200 crore from the fund was proposed for environmental remediation programmes and another Rs 200 crore for the Green India Mission in 2011-12. Why is it introduced? While announcing the fund the finance minister underlined threat of alarming levels of pollution in the country. He said that while the 'principle of Polluter pays' should remain the basic guiding criteria for pollution management, there should also be a positive thrust for clean energy development. National Clean Energy Fund was mainly aimed to fund the entrepreneurial ventures and research towards the clean energy development. Following the budget announcement, CCEA announced the c How it is financed? In order to finance the fund a clean energy cess on coal produced or imported in India has been introduced. It is Rs.50 per tonne of coal. The fund is a non lapsable fund under Public Accounts. It has been estimated that so far around Rs 8,200 crore have been collected. The Union Budget 2013-14 proposes to put 1650.00 crore in this fund. Utilization of Fund A inter ministerial group (IMG) was formed in 2011 to approve the projects/schemes eligible for the fund. Any project/scheme for innovative methods to adopt to clean energy technology and research & development shall be eligible for funding under the NCEF. The projects fields eligible are: solar, wind, tidal, geothermal, Silicon manufacturing, coal gasification, coal bed methane, shale oil, hydrogen/fuel cells, hybrid vehicles, advanced computing, nuclear technology and NAPCC projects etc. Any individual/ consortium of organizations in the government/public sector/private sector working on projects or research can avail the finance in the form of loan or viability gap funding. The Government assistance under the NCEF shall in no case exceed 40% of the total project cost. Criticism It is being criticised that the fund has been not able to achieve the objective behind the creation. The main reason is under utilization. Only one-eighth of the amount collected has been disbursed. It is also criticised on the manner of utilization and the administration of Fund.

Central Road Fund: Introduction and Reason The Central Road Fund was established by the Parliament in order to fund the development and maintenance of National highways, State highways and Rural roads. Establishment of Fund The fund was first established by the Resolution of Parliament passed in 1988. The Central Road Fund Act, 2000 gave the statutory status to the fund. How it is financed? In order to mobilise the fund, the Central Road Fund Act 2000 proposed to levy and collect by way of cess, a duty of excise and duty of customs on petrol and high speed diesel oil. Presently Rs. 2 per litre is collected as cess on Petrol and High speed Diesel oil. Fund Utilization The fund is utilised for the development and maintenance of National highways, State roads, Rural roads and for provision of road overbridges/under bridges and other safety features at unmanned Railway Crossings. The cess of Rs. 2 is being distributed as under Cess of Rs. 0.5 per litre to be entirely allocated for development and maintenance of National Highways. Cess of Rs. 1.50 to be allocated in 50% of high speed diesel (HSD) oil, 2.Cess for development of rural roads 50% of cess on HSD and the entire cess collected on petrol to be allocated as 57.5 % of such sum for the development and maintenance of National highways 12.5% for construction of road under or over bridges and for safety works at unmanned railway crossing 30% on development and maintenance of State Roads. Of this amount, 10 % shall be reserved by the Central Govt. for implementation of State Road Schemes of Inter-State Connectivity and economic importance to be approved by central govt. Some states and districts have established road funds other than Central Road Funds in order to cater to local road network maintenance and development. Inter State Connectivity and Economic importance scheme To promote the Interstate connectivity scheme and in order to assist states in economic development through better connectivity, the Central government provides a 100 % grant for interstate connectivity projects and a 50 % grant for the projects of economic importance. The fund under the scheme will be financed through the Central Road Fund as mentioned above. Criticism It is being said that the large portion of the fund remain unutilized. However the statistics shows that the southern states have utilised the fund in better way than the northern states. The under utilisation is due to the slow progress of the projects and low proposals from the states. The other grounds on which the fund is being criticised are inappropriate allocation and mismanagement of Fund.

Department of Financial Services New Pension Scheme Swavalamban Scheme Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana New Pension Scheme: New pension System was introduced by the Government of India in 2004, when it was made mandatory for newly recruited employees (except personnel of armed forces). The scheme came into operation on April 1, 2008. In August 2008, a decision was taken by the government to offer NPS to all citizens of India. The Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority (PFRDA) opened the scheme to all citizens w.e.f. May 1, 2009. What is the Product? New pension Scheme is a pure defined contribution product. A subscriber can choose the fund option as well as the fund manager. The subscriber gets a retirement corpus when he/ she turn 60. Permanent Retirement Account Number: (PRAN) The PFRDA has appointed 22 points of presence (PoPs) which are mainly banks and 6 Pension Fund managers. (Interim arrangements have been made till appointments) . The branches of PoPs are called PoP Service providers. These PoP service providers act as initial points of contact and also collection point, for all citizens who need to get a Permanent Retirement Account Number or PRAN. This number is needed under the NPS Who is eligible? Resident & Non Resident Indians between the age of 18-55 years are eligible for new pension Scheme. Please note that NPS is available to all citizens of India on voluntary basis and mandatory for employees of central government (except armed forces) appointed on or after 1 January 2004. All Indian citizens between the age of 18 and 55 can join the NPS. The scheme is NOT mandatory for new recruits in armed forces, while it's mandatory for all new Government officers. Thus, except for the personnel of armed forces, the scheme is Mandatory for all new Government employees. Who is Who of the scheme: An account can be opened & operated from anywhere in India. If a subscriber changes a job & location, the pension fund manager can also be changed. To open an account one can approach any branch of bank designated by PFRDA. Regulator : Pension Fund Regulatory & Development Authority NPS Trust: PFRDA has established the NPS Trust under Indian Trust Act, 1862 and appointed NPS Board of Trustees in whom the administration of the "National Pension System" vests under Indian Law. The Trust is responsible for taking care of the funds under the NPS. The Trust holds an account with the Bank of India and this bank is designated as the NPS Trustee Bank.

Central Recordkeeping Agency (CRA): The back office for maintaining records, administration and customer service functions. National Securities Depository Ltd has been designated the CRA. Pension Fund Manager at present there are six fund managers. Trustee Bank: Bank of India is the designated agency to facilitate fund transfers across various entities such as subscribers, the fund managers and the annuity service providers. Contribution: The contribution amount is Minimum Rs. 600 per contribution, there is no maximum amount ceiling. Minimum per year Rs. 6000 Minimum number of contributions per year 4. This implies that the subscribers are required to contribute at least once a quarter but there is no ceiling on how many times one can invest during the year. Are the returns on investments is guaranteed? No. There is no guarantee since NPS is a defined contribution scheme and the benefits depend on the amount contributed and the investment growth up to the time of exit. What are Fund E, Fund G and Fund C? The New Pension Scheme (NPS) offers subscribers the option of investing their funds in three types of schemes: Fund E, which invests a maximum of 50% in equity investment , that consists of index funds that replicate the Sensex or Nifty portfolio. (remember it by Fund in Equity) Fund G, which invests in bonds of central and state governments (Remember it by Fund in Government) Fund C, which invests in liquid funds, corporate debt instruments, fixed deposits and public sector, municipal and infrastructure bonds. (Remember it by Fund in Corporate) These three categories have been tagged on the safety pattern as follows G-ultra safe, C- safe and E- medium Who are the Fund Managers? The subscribers can choose the fund managers from the 6 companies appointed by the PFRDA. Investors have been also given option to change their scheme choices, which could be related to either the allocation of funds among various asset classes or to the fund manager. One can choose the investment mix between equity or E (high risk but high returns), mainly fixed income instruments or C (that come with medium risk and returns) and pure fixed investment products or G (which offer low returns but have very low risks associated with them). Equity investment is capped at 50 per cent; this means that under Fund E, the investments in equities can not go beyond 50%. What is the default option or auto choice? Please note investors have also been given an option to opt for auto choice. In this choice, allocation to the three asset classes is done automatically in a predefined proportion based on the investor's age. The default option, called auto choice lifecycle fund, will see the investment mix change according to the age of the subscriber. Here is how it works: At the lowest entry age of 18 years, auto choice entails an investment of 50 per cent in E, 30 per cent in C and 20 per cent in G. The ratios will

remain unchanged till the subscriber turns 36, when the ratio of investment in E and C will decrease annually, while the proportion of G rises. By the time the subscriber is 55 years, G will account for 80 per cent of the corpus, while the share of E and C will fall to 10 per cent each. Who decides about the Fund Managers? At the moment, the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) has selected six fund managers State Bank of India, UTI, ICICI Prudential, Kotak Mahindra, IDFC and Reliance on the basis of a bidding and technical evaluation process. The investor has to select one fund manager at the time of deciding his / her investment option. One can also shift from one fund manager to another from May 2010. How to Exit from the scheme? The normal retirement age has been fixed at 60 years. At 60, investor will be required to use at least 40 per cent of his/ her accumulated savings to buy a life annuity from an insurance company. A phased withdrawal is also allowed but the lump sum benefit has to be availed of before one turns 70 years. How to prematurely exit from the scheme? For those looking to exit before turning 60, there is an option to withdraw 20 per cent of the accumulated savings but buy an annuity with the remaining 80 per cent. What if the subscriber dies before he/ she turns 60? If the subscriber dies before he or she turns 60, the nominee can receive the entire pension corpus. What are alternate ways to exit? Alternatively, a subscriber can exit if the account value falls to zero or if the citizenship status changes. What are the tax benefits for NPS? At present, the investment is covered under section 80CCD of the Income Tax Act and a tax will be levied if subscriber withdraws the money. One can avoid paying tax by transferring the entire corpus to the annuity service provider. PFRDA has, however, approached the government to treat investment in NPS on a par with instruments like Employees Provident Fund and Public Provident Fund, for which no tax is levied at the investment, accumulation or withdrawal stage. What is Concept of Tier-I and Tier-II? The architecture of NPS makes it difficult to withdraw subscribers money during his / her working years or till the age of 60 in this case. Tier I and Tier II are two options under the scheme where the subscribers can invest their money; the primary difference between them is how they differ in allowing subscribers to withdraw their money before retirement. Contribution to Tier-I is mandatory for all Government servants joining Government service on or after 1-1-2004 (except the armed forces in the first stage), Whereas Tier-II will be optional and at the discretion of Government servants. In Tier-I, a Government servant will have to make a contribution of 10% of his basic pay plus DA, which will be deducted from his salary bill every month by the PAO concerned.

The Government will make an equal matching contribution. However, there will be no contribution from the Government in respect of individuals who are not Government employees Tier-I contributions (and the investment returns) will be kept in a non-withdrawable Pension Tier-I Account Tier-II contributions will be kept in a separate account that will be withdrawable at the option of Government servant. Government will not make any contribution to Tier-II account. Now we simplify these as follows: Tier-I account: One shall contribute his / her savings for retirement into this non-withdrawable account. Government contributes. Tier-II account: This is a voluntary savings facility. One will be free to withdraw his / her savings from this account whenever he / she wishes. Government does NOT contribute. The above discussion was about the Government employees. Please note that while Tier-I account is available from May 1, 2009, the facility of Tier II account is offered from December 1, 2009 to all citizens of India including Government employees mandatorily covered by NPS. NPS Lite? PFRDA has also introduced a low cost version of NPS known as NPS-Lite for economically disadvantaged citizens under which institutions known as Aggregators would be responsible for enrolment under the NPS and collection and transmission of funds to the NPS fund managers. Under the NPS-Lite, all PoPs are automatically eligible to be registered as Aggregators. Since its introduction on 1st May, 2009, the enrolments under NPS have shown a slow but steady progress. Features of NPS Lite: Focus: Economically disadvantaged sections of the society and marginal investors Voluntary Scheme: The NPS lite is open to eligible citizens of India, in the age group of 1860 years. Subscriber is free to choose the amount he/she wants to invest every year. Eligible individuals in the unorganized work force can open an account through their Aggregator and get an Individual subscriber (NPS Lite) Account. Regulation: Regulated by PFRDA, with transparent investment norms and regular monitoring and performance review of fund managers by NPS Trust. Minimum amount required: Ultralow cost structure with no minimum amount required per annum or per contribution. Portable Subscriber can operate account from anywhere in the country, even with change of location, employment or Aggregator. Swavalamban Scheme: A new initiative, Swavalamban Scheme to encourage people from unorganized sector to join New Pension System was launched in 2010-11. Under this scheme, those who join the NPS with a minimum contribution of Rs 1000 and a maximum contribution of Rs 12000 per annum during financial year 2010-11, the government will contribute Rs 1000 per year to each NPS account opened in 2010-11. The scheme is aimed at encouraging the people from unorganized sector to voluntarily save for their retirement by enrolling themselves under the New Pension System (NPS).

Under this scheme, Government of India contributes Rs 1000 per annum per NFS account in each year -- during the current year and the next three years -- provided the subscriber contributes any amount between Rs 1000 to Rs 12,000 per annum. This is a voluntary defined contribution scheme, which any citizen of the country in the unorganized sector can join. The scheme is managed by PFRDA and the Government will release its contribution to PFRDA for crediting the same to the NPS accounts of eligible subscribers. The government contribution in this scheme is subject to below mentioned conditions: Subscriber is not covered under employer assisted retirement benefit scheme and also not covered by social security schemes under any of the following laws: Employee Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1952, The Coal Mines Provident Fund and Miscellaneous Provision Act, 1948, The Seamen's Provident Fund Act, 1966,The Assam Tea Plantation Provident Fund and Pension Fund Scheme Act, 1955 , The Jammu & Kashmir Employee Provident Fund Act, 1961 Subscriber contribution in NPS is minimum Rs. 1000 and maximum Rs.12000 per annum, for both Tier1 and Tier II taken together, provided subscriber makes minimum contribution of Rs.1000 per annum to his Tier 1 account. What to get after 60 years? On attaining the Normal Retirement Age (NRA) of 60 years subscriber will be required to compulsorily annuitize at least 40% of his / her pension wealth and the remaining 60% can be withdrawn as a lump sum or in a phased manner; in case, he / she opts for a phased withdrawal: Minimum 10% of the pension wealth should be withdrawn every year. Any amount lying to the credit at the age 70 should be compulsorily withdrawn in lump sum. Withdrawal of amount at any point in time before 60 years of age: If subscriber withdraws money before attaining 60 years, he/ she would be required to invest at least 80% of the pension wealth to purchase a life annuity from any IRDA regulated life insurance company. Rest 20% of the pension wealth may be withdrawn as lump sum. Withdrawal on attaining the Age of 60 years and up to 70 years of age: The subscriber would be required to invest minimum 40 percent of his / her accumulated savings (pension wealth) to purchase a life annuity from any IRDA-regulated life insurance company. He/ she may choose to purchase an annuity for an amount greater than 40 percent. The remaining pension wealth can either be withdrawn in a lump sum on attaining the age of 60 or in a phased manner, between age 60 and 70, at the option of the subscriber If there is death of the subscriber? In such an unfortunate event, option will be available to the nominee to receive 100% of the NPS pension wealth in lump sum. However, if the nominee wishes to continue with the NPS, he/she shall have to subscribe to NPS individually after following due KYC procedure. Recent Updates: March 2013 PFRDA has allowed investors in the New Pension Scheme (NPS) to opt for deferred withdrawal of their money at the time of exit, as against the

current practice of phased withdrawal. This would be a better option than forcing subscribers to choose a certain percentage each and every year while opting for the phased withdrawal option, including the year in which they are exiting the system.

Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana: Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana is a Social Security Scheme for rural landless household. It was launched on 2nd October, 2007 . Under this scheme the head of the family or one earning member in the family of such a household is covered. The premium of Rs.200/- per person per annum is shared equally by the Central Government and the State Government, so the insured person has to pay no premium. The member to be covered should be aged between 18 and 59 years. The benefits under this scheme are as follows: On natural death Rs. 30000/On Death due to accident/on permanent total disability due to accident (loss of 2 eyes or 2 limbs) : Rs. 75000 On partial permanent disability due to accident (loss of one eye or one limb): Rs. 37500/There is a fund called "Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana Premium Fund", established by the Central Government to pay the contribution by the Central Government. This fund is maintained by LIC. Under the AABY, a free add-on benefit in the form of scholarship to children is also available.

Ministry of Health National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) Navajat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls (10-19 years) in Rural India Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) Mother and Child Tracking system (MCTS) National Urban Health Mission (NUHM) National Vector Borne Disease Control Programme (NVBDCP) Revised National TB Control Programme National Strategic Programme for TB Control DOTS Programme, MDR-TB and XDR-TB National leprosy eradication Programme (NLEP) National Programme of Prevention & Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke Programme (NPCDCS) National Mental Health Programme (NMHP) National Programme for the Health Care for the Elderly (NPHCE) National Programme for Prevention and Control of Deafness (NPPCD) National Tobacco Control Programme National Iodine Deficiency Disorder Control Programme Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi The Integrated Disease Surveillance Project (IDSP) Universal Immunization Programme Pulse Polio Immunization Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram

National Rural Health Mission

T h e

The national rural health mission was launched in 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and accountable quality health services to the poorest households in the remotest rural regions. The thrust of the Mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralized health delivery system with inter sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health like water, sanitation, education, nutrition, social and gender equality. Important Notes: The NRHM is about increasing public expenditure on healthcare from the current 0.9% of the GDP to 2 to 3% of the GDP. The scheme proposes a number of new mechanism for healthcare delivery including training local residents as Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA), and the Janani Suraksha Yojana. It also aims at improving hygiene and sanitation infrastructure. The mission is in whole country but has special focus on 18 states Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Himachal Pradesh, Jharkhand, Jammu and Kashmir, Manipur, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Madhya Pradesh, Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura, Uttarkhand and Uttar Pradesh.

Five Pillars of NRHM

NRHM is organized around five pillars, each of which is made up of a number of overlapping core strategies.

Increasing Participation and Ownership by the Community: Through an increased role for PRIs, the ASHA programme, the village health and sanitation committee, increased public participation and NGO participation. Improved Management Capacity: Professionalising management by building up management and public health skills in the existing workforce, supplemented by inculcation of skilled management personnel into the system. Flexible Financing: Provision of united funds to every village health and sanitation committee, to the sub-center, to the PHC, to the CHC including district hospital. Innovations in human resources development for the health sector: Contractual appointment route to immediately fill gaps as well as ensure local residency, incentive and innovation to find staff to work in hitherto underserved areas and the use of multiskilled and multi-tasking options. Setting of standards and norms with monitoring: The prescription of the Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) norms marks one of the most important core strategies of the mission. This has been followed up by a facility survey to identify gaps and funding is directed to close the gaps so identified. Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) One of the key components of the National Rural Health Mission is to provide every village in the country with a trained female community health activist called ASHA or Accredited Social Health Activist. Selected from the village itself and accountable to it, the ASHA will be trained

to work as an interface between the community and the public health system. Notable points about ASHA are as follows: She should be a literate woman with formal education up to class eight. This may be relaxed only if no suitable person with this qualification is available. ASHA will be chosen through a rigorous process of selection involving various community groups, self-help groups, Anganwadi Institutions, the Block Nodal officer, District Nodal officer, the village Health Committee and the Gram Sabha.

Capacity building of ASHA is being seen as a continuous process. ASHA will have to undergo series of training episodes to acquire the necessary knowledge, skills and confidence for performing her spelled out roles. The ASHAs will receive performance-based incentives for promoting universal immunization, referral and escort services for Reproductive & Child Health (RCH) and other healthcare programmes, and construction of household toilets. Empowered with knowledge and a drug-kit to deliver first-contact healthcare, every ASHA is expected to be a fountainhead of community participation in public health programmes in her village. ASHA will be the first port of call for any health related demands of deprived sections of the population, especially women and children, who find it difficult to access health services. ASHA will be a health activist in the community who will create awareness on health and its social determinants and mobilise the community towards local health planning and increased utilisation and accountability of the existing health services. She would be a promoter of good health practices and will also provide a minimum package of curative care as appropriate and feasible for that level and make timely referrals. ASHA will provide information to the community on determinants of health such as nutrition, basic sanitation & hygienic practices, healthy living and working conditions, information on existing health services and the need for timely utilisation of health & family welfare services. She will counsel women on birth preparedness, importance of safe delivery, breast-feeding and complementary feeding, immunization, contraception and prevention of common infections including Reproductive Tract Infection/Sexually Transmitted Infections (RTIs/STIs) and care of the young child. ASHA will mobilise the community and facilitate them in accessing health and health related services available at the Anganwadi/sub-centre/primary health centers, such as immunisation, Ante Natal Check-up (ANC), Post Natal Check-up supplementary nutrition, sanitation and other services being provided by the government. She will act as a depot older for essential provisions being made available to all habitations like Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORS), Iron Folic Acid Tablet(IFA), chloroquine, Disposable Delivery Kits (DDK), Oral Pills & Condoms, etc.

At the village level it is recognised that ASHA cannot function without adequate institutional support. Women's committees (like self-help groups or women's health committees), village Health & Sanitation Committee of the Gram Panchayat, peripheral health workers especially ANMs and Anganwadi workers, and the trainers of ASHA and in-service periodic training would be a major source of support to ASHA. There will be one ASHA per 1000 population. More than 7.49 lakh Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) are connecting households to health facilities. The presence of community volunteers on this unprecedented scale has resulted in people's growing pressure on utilization of services from the public sector health system.

Auxiliary Nurse Midwife and Anganwadi Worker (ANM) Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) The roles of Auxiliary Nurse Midwife (ANM) and ASHA have been integrated in various ways. The ANM will hold weekly/fortnightly meeting with ASHA, and provide on-job raining by discussing the activities undertaken during the week/fortnight and provide guidance in case ASHA encounters any problem. ANMs will also act as resource persons for the initial and periodic training and also ensure that during the training ASHA gets the compensation for performance and also TA/DA for attending the training schedule. She will also guide ASHA in bringing the beneficiary to the outreach session. She will utilize ASHA in motivating the pregnant women for coming to the Sub-Centre for initial checkups and also take ASHAs help in bringing married couples to sub centres and motivating pregnant women for taking full course of Iron and Folic Acid (IFA). Anganwadi Worker (AWW) The responsibilities of Anganwadi Worker (AWW) will guide ASHA in performing on health and integrated with the role of ASHA. AWW will guide ASHA in performing activities such as organising Health Day once/twice a month at Anganwadi Centre and orientating women on health related issues such as importance of nutritious food, personal hygiene, care during pregnancy, importance of immunisation etc. anganwadi worker will be depot holder for drug kits and will be issuing it to ASHA. The replacement of the consumed drugs can also be done trough AWW. ASHA will support the AWW in mobilizing pregnant and lactating women and infants for nutrition supplement. She would also take initiative for bringing the beneficiaries from the village on specific days of immunisation, health check-ups/health days etc. to Anganwadi Centres.

National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB control: NSP is the fifth Joint Monitoring Mission (JMM) of India and the World Health Organisation (WHO) on the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) integrated as National Strategic Plan (NSP) for TB control for 5 years by central Indian

government starting on 2012. It is developed by the Union Ministry of Health & Family Welfare with main goal of the strategic plan is to provide universal access to early diagnosis and effective treatment the strategic plan, if implemented in full earnest, would save about 7,50,000 lives over the next five years. Apart from stopping easy availability of anti-TB drugs, there are plans of "restricting the availability of impending new anti-TB drugs to authorised outlets." This would be done by putting in place stringent and accountable distribution controls as per the plan. It also aims to make available subsidised anti-TB drug kits to the private sector on a quid pro basis. Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) Home Based New Born Care (HBNC) is a new scheme of Ministry of Health Government of India, launched to incentivize ASHA for providing Home Based Newborn Care. ASHA will make visits to all newborns according to specified schedule up to 42 days of life. The proposed incentive is Rs. 50 per home visit of around one hour duration. The role of ASHA would be: recording of weight of the newborn in MCP card ensuring BCG , 1st dose of OPV and DPT vaccination both the mother and the newborn are safe till 42 days of the delivery, and registration of birth has been done. Scheme for Promotion of Menstrual Hygiene among Adolescent Girls (10-19 years) in Rural India April 28, 2013 No comments The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has rolled out a new scheme for the promotion of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in the age group of 10-19 years in rural areas. This programme is aimed at ensuring that adolescent girls (10- 19 years) in rural areas have adequate knowledge and information about menstrual hygiene and the use of sanitary napkins. This scheme is being launched in 25% of Districts in the country i.e. 152 districts across 20 States in the first phase.

Janani Suraksha Yojana Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) is asafemotherhoodintervention under the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) being implemented with the objectiveofreducing maternaland neo-natalmortality by promotinginstitutionaldelivery among the poor pregnant women. The Yojana, launched on 12th April 2005, is being implemented in all states and UTs with special focus on low performing states. JSY is a 100 % centrally sponsored scheme and it integrates cash assistance with delivery and post-delivery care. The success of the scheme is be determined by theincreaseininstitutionaldelivery amongthepoorfamilies. The AshaaswellasAWWlikeactivistsbecometheeffectivelinkbetween Governmentandpoor women in this programme. Role of ASHA or other link health worker associated with JSY would be to:

Identify pregnant woman as a beneficiary of the scheme and report or facilitate registration for ANC, Assist the pregnant woman to obtain necessary certifications wherever necessary, Provide and / or help the women in receiving at least three ANC checkups including TT injections, IFA tablets, Identify a functional Government health centre or an accredited private health institution for referral and delivery, Counsel for institutional delivery, Escort the beneficiary women to the pre-determined health center and stay with her till the woman is discharged, Arrange to immunize the newborn till the age of 14 weeks, Inform about the birth or death of the child or mother to the ANM/MO, Post natal visit within 7 days of delivery to track mother's health after delivery and facilitate in obtaining care, wherever necessary, Counsel for initiation of breastfeeding to the newborn within one-hour of delivery and its continuance till 3-6 months and promote family planning. Cash Assistance in LPS and HPS states: The scheme focuses on the poor pregnant woman with special dispensation for states having low institutional delivery rates namely the states of Uttar Pradesh, Uttaranchal, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Assam, Rajasthan, Orissa and Jammu and Kashmir. While these states have been named as Low Performing States (LPS), the remaining states have been named as High performing States (HPS). The women who deliver in Governmenthospitals,healthcentresorevenin accreditedprivatehospitals are eligible for the cash assistance, if she is above 19 years. Further, this assistance is as follows: In LPS states: Cash assistance for all women In HPS states: Cash assistance for ONLY BPL women LPS & HPS states: All SC and ST women

Cash assistance and incentivetoAsha/otheractivists is given as follows: Regarding t

h e

Asha's package, the scheme documen ts say that It must be ensured that the cash incentive to the ASHA should not be less than Rs.200/- per delivery case facilitated by her. This is essential to keep her sustained in the system. The Assistance package to the ASHA or an equivalent worker is available only if she works and assists the pregnant women. If any pregnant women does not take assistance of any accredited worker, may be because no ASHA is in position, she should be paid the sum total of both the packages

National Tobacco Control Programme

On 28 January 2010, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs (CCEA) has approved the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP). O b j e

c t i v e : This programme aims to build the capacity of the States and Districts to facilitate effective implementation of the Tobacco Control Laws and to bring about greater awareness about the harmful effects of tobacco. C o m p o n e t s : The proposed NTCP has 3 componets as follows: (A) Nationa l level: 1. Public awareness and media campaigns for awareness building and for behavioural change; 2. Establishment of tobacco product testing laboratories, to build regulatory capacity, as required under COTPA, 2003; 3. Mainstreaming the programme components as a part of the health delivery mechanism under the NRHM framework; 4. Mainstreaming Research & training on alternate crops and livelihoods with other nodal Ministries; 5. Monitoring and Evaluation including surveillance such as the Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS). (B) Sta te lev el:

1. Dedicated tobacco control cells for effective implementation and monitoring of Anti Tobacco Initiatives; (C) Distric t level: 1. Training of health and social workers, NGOs, school teachers and the like; 2. Local IEC activities; 3. Provision of tobacco cessation facilities; 4. School Programmes. T o t a l O u t l a y : The total financial outlay for the National Tobacco Control programme in the Eleventh Plan is Rs 182 crore. Imp lem etat ion: The implementation of the NTCP will increase the awareness of the community about the harmful effects of the tobacco use, make the public aware of the provisions under COTPA, establish tobacco product testing labs and also provide baseline estimates of tobacco prevalence and status of implementation of the Tobacco Control Law. The components of the NTCP at the National level cover the entire country, while the pilot phase will focus on 42 Districts of 21 States. The NCTP is to be implemented in

the remaining years of the Eleventh Plan in 42 Districts of 21 States within the NHRM framework from 2010-11. State governments are to work out State and Districts specific Plans in their Programme Implementation Plans (PIPs), depending on their priority. These would include training, sensitisation workshop on awareness building and implementation of the law. The funds for tobacco product testing labs are to be released in a phased manner, so that the labs are set up by 2010-11. The initial recurring expenditure for these labs will be met up to three years, an official release said here. The Adult Tobacco Survey (ATS) is to be completed in April 2010 and the evaluation of pilot phase of NTCP currently under implementation in 42 Districts of 21 States will also be taken up in 2010-11.

The Integrated Disease Surv eillance Project (IDSP) IDSP was launched by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare with World Bank assistance in November 2004 for a period upto March 2010 to detect and respond to disease outbreaks quickly. The project has been extended for 2 years upto March 2012 by Govt, of India. Its objective is to strengthen disease surveillance in the country by establishing a decentralized state based surveillance system for epidemic prone diseases to detect the early warning signals, so that timely and effective public health actions can be initiated in response to health challenges in the country at the district, state and national level. Surveillance units have been established in all states/districts (SSU/DSU). Central Surveillance Unit (CSU) established and integrated in the National Centre for Disease Control, Delhi.

Under the project weekly disease surveillance data on epidemic prone disease are being collected from reporting units such as sub centres, primary health centres, community health centres, hospitals including government and private sector hospitals and medical colleges. Urban Surveillance: It is proposed for 4 metropolitan cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and kolkata. Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi (RAN) Earlier known as National Illness Assistance Fund, Rashtriya Arogya Nidhi ( ) is a centrally sponsored scheme set up a fund under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare in 1997 with an aim to provide for financial assistance to patients, living below poverty line who are suffering from major life threatening diseases, to receive medical treatment at any of the super specialty hospitals/institutes or other Govt. hospitals. In this scheme, the states financial assistance to BPL patients suffering from life threatening diseases is released in the form of "one time grant" to the Medical Superintendent of the hospital in which the treatment is being received. Please note that in this scheme, the states are needed to create their own State Illness funds in which central government provides funding to the extent of 50% of contribution made by State Govt/Union Territories. Accordingly, several states have launched their own funds such as

Odisha created State Treatment Fund (STF) in which Union government will pay Rs. 10 crore and State government contributes Rs. 5 crore annually to the fund. Uttar Pradesh created a Rajya Arogya Nidhi, renamed "Mukhya Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Kosh (Arogya Nidhi) in 2008. Please note that all states have not yet set up the state illness fund. Conditions of Financial Assistance Please note that Assistance in RAN is not directly provided to the Patient but is given to the Superintendent of the hospital in which treatment is being taken. Assistance admissible for treatment in Government Hospital only . Central Government/State Government/P.SU employees NOT eligible. While the state government can grant up to Rs 1.5 lakh after the case is assessed by a technical committee constituted at the health directorate level, if there is a cost estimated above than that, the proposal for grant is to be sent to the Centre for sanction. For providing financial assistance to the needy patients, an advanced of Rs.10.00 to 40.0 lakhs is kept with the Medical Supdts of major national hospitals across the country. These hospitals can enable sanction of an amount up to Rs.1,00,000/- in each deserving case reporting for treatment in the respective Hospitals/ Institute. Recent Issue This is one of the most novel schemes of the Government of India but it craves for publicity. In a recent revelation by CAG report, in Punjab only 41 BPL patients have benefited from the RAN for healthcare during 2011. The fact that there seems to be no takers in the state for the centrally sponsored healthcare scheme for below poverty line families as revealed. The report says the ineffective implementation of the national policy for the benefit of the BPL families and the failures of the state government to publicize the benefits of the scheme have resulted in misuse of Fund.

The audit report has also raised a serious doubt over the functioning of government medical colleges and hospital for other states too which is yet to be studied. Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana The Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY) aims at correcting the imbalances in the availability of affordable healthcare facilities in the different parts of the country in general, and augmenting facilities for quality medical education in the under-served States in particular. The scheme was approved in March 2006. The first phase in the PMSSY has two components Setting up of six institutions in the line of AIIMS

Upgradation of 13 existing Government medical college institutions. It has been decided to set up 6 AIIMS-like institutions, one each in the States of Bihar (Patna), Chattisgarh (Raipur), Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal), Orissa (Bhubaneswar), Rajasthan (Jodhpur) and Uttaranchal (Rishikesh) at an estimated cost of Rs 840 crores per institution. These States have been identified on the basis of various socio-economic indicators like human development index, literacy rate, population below poverty line and per capital income and health indicators like population to bed ratio, prevalence rate of serious communicable diseases, infant mortality rate etc. Each institution will have a 960 bedded hospital (500 beds for the medical college hospital; 300 beds for Speciality/Super Speciality; 100 beds for ICU/Accident trauma; 30 beds for Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation and 30 beds for Ayush) intended to provide healthcare facilities in 42 Speciality/Super-Speciality disciplines. Medical College will have 100 UG intake besides facilities for imparting PG/doctoral courses in various disciplines, largely based on Medical Council of India (MCI) norms and also nursing college conforming to Nursing Council norms. In addition to this, 13 existing medical institutions spread over 10 States will also be upgraded, with an outlay of Rs. 120 crores (Rs. 100 crores from Central Government and Rs. 20 crores from State Government) for each institution. These institutions are Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu & Kashmir Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir Kolkatta Medical College, Kolkatta, West Bengal Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow Uttar Pradesh, Institute of Medical Sciences, BHU, Varanasi, Uttar Pardesh Nizam Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh Sri Venkateshwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh Government. Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat Bangalore Medical College, Bangalore, Karnataka Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi Grants Medical College & Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra. In the second phase of PMSSY, the Government has approved the setting up of two more AIIMS-like institutions, one each in the States of West Bengal and Uttar Pradesh and upgradation of six medical college institutions namely Government Medical College, Amritsar, Punjab; Government Medical College, Tanda, Himachal Pradesh; Government Medical College, Madurai, Tamil Nadu; Government Medical College, Nagpur, Maharashtra, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College of Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh and

Pt. B.D. Sharma Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak. The estimated cost for each AIIMS-like institution is Rs. 823 crore. For upgradation of medical college institutions, Central Government will contribute Rs.125 crore each. In the third phase of PMSSY, it is proposed to upgrade the following existing medical college institutions namely Government Medical College, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh; Government Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh; Government Medical College, Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh; Government Medical College, Dharbanga, Bihar; Government Medical College, Kozhikode, Kerala; Vijaynagar Institute of Medical Sciences, Bellary, Karnataka and Government Medical College, Muzaffarpur, Bihar. The project cost for upgradation of each medical college institution has been estimated at Rs. 150 crores per institution, out of which Central Government will contribute Rs. 125 crores and the remaining Rs. 25 crore will be borne by the respective State Governments. 'PMSSY aims at correcting the imbalances in availability of affordable/reliable tertiary level healthcare in the country in general and augmenting facilities for quality medical education in the under-served States. The scheme envisages setting up six institutions like the All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), one each in the States of Bihar (Patna), Madhya Pradesh (Bhopal), Odisha (Bhubaneshwar), Rajasthan (Jodhpur), Chhattisgarh (Raipur) and Uttarakhand (Rishikesh); and upgradation of 13 existing medical institutions in the first phase. In the 2nd phase setting up of 2 more AIIMS like institutions and up gradation of 6 more medical college institutions will be taken up.

Univ ersal Immunization Programme Immunization Programme is one of the key interventions for protection of children from life threatening conditions, which are preventable. Under the Universal Immunization Programme Government of India is providing vaccination to prevent seven vaccine preventable diseases i.e. Diphtheria, Pertussis, Tetanus, Polio, Measles, severe form of Childhood Tuberculosis and Hepatitis B. The vaccination schedule is as under: BCG (Bacillus Calmette Guerin) 1 dose at Birth (upto 1 year if not given earlier) DPT (Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus Toxoid) 5 doses; Three primary doses at 6,10,14 weeks and two booster doses at 16-24 months & 5 Years of age OPV (Oral Polio Vaccine) 5 doses; 0 dose at birth, three primary doses at 6,10 and 14 weeks and one booster dose at 16-24 months of age Hepatitis B vaccine 4 doses; 0 dose within 24 hours of birth and three doses at 6, 10 and 14 weeks of age. Measles 2 doses; first dose at 9-12 months and second dose at 16-24months of age TT (Tetanus Toxoid) 2 doses at 10 years and 16 years of age

TT for pregnant woman two doses or one dose if previously vaccinated within 3 Year

Since 2006, 1 dose of SA-14-14-2 JE vaccine has been introduced under routine immunization in the high burden districts in phased manner. All the States / UTs are asked to prepare their own State Programme Implementation Plan (PIP) for Immunization as part 'C' of NRHM PIP from the year 2005-06 to address specific needs.

Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram A new health initiative "Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram" was launched by UPA Government in February 2013. It is technically called 'Child Health Screening and Early Intervention Services'. This programme has been launched under National Rural Health Mission initiated by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, therefore, aims at early detectionandmanagementofthe4Ds prevalentinchildren. These are Defects at Birth Diseases in Children Deficiency conditions Developmental Delays including Disabilities. The initiative is to provide comprehensive healthcare and improve the quality of life of children through early detection of birth defects, diseases, deficiencies, development delays including disability. Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram aims at screening over 27 Crore children from 0 to 18 years for 4 Ds -Defects at birth, Diseases, Deficiencies and Development Delays including Disabilities. Children diagnosed with illnesses shall receive follow up including surgeries at tertiary level, free-of-cost under NRHM. Salient Features: The programme will be extended to cover all districts of the country in a phased manner, with a target to cover 27 crore children. Under the scheme, children will be screened for 30 common ailments/health conditions, so that there is the possibility of early medical intervention, in case there is such need. Birth defects like Down's syndrome, congenital cataract, deafness and heart defect, deficiency conditions like anaemia, malnutrition and goitre, developmental

delays and disabilities like hearing impairment and vision impairment are among the conditions for which children will be screened under this scheme. Mobile health teams will be dedicated to the screening of children, and two AYUSH doctors (one male and one female), nurse and a pharmacist would be available for the service in every block. All children in the 0-6 age range enrolled in anganwadis would be screened at least twice a year; all children in government schools and in schools aided by the government would also be regularly screened for the above mentioned conditions. Newborn children will also be screened for possible birth defects in health facilities where deliveries take place. Children with deficiencies, disabilities or diseases would be referred to higher centres for further investigation and treatment.

DOTS Programme, MDR-TB and XDR-TB DOTS, is an acronym for Directly Observed Treatment, Short course. The DOTS strategy represents the most important public health breakthrough of the decade, in terms of lives which will be saved. It is based largely on research done in India in the field of TB over the past 35 years. As it is the only strategy effective in controlling TB on a mass basis, nearly 100 countries are following it. DOTS has five components: Government commitment (including both political will at all levels, and establishing a centralized and prioritized system of TB monitoring, recording and training) Case detection by sputum smear microscopy Standardized treatment regimen directly observed by a healthcare worker or community health worker for at least the first two months A regular drug supply A standardized recording and reporting system that allows assessment of treatment results Other Notes The technical strategy for DOTS was developed by Dr. Karel Styblo in the 1980s primarily in Tanzania. In 1989, the World Health Organization and the World Bank began investigating the potential expansion of this strategy. In July 1990, the World Bank, under Richard Bumgarner's direction, invited Dr. Styblo and WHO to design a TB

control project for China. By the end of 1991, this pilot project was achieving phenomenal results, more than doubling cure rates among TB patients. China soon extended this project to cover half the country. In India, Government had adopted the revised strategy for TB in the form of DOTS. Since 1993, DOTS has been pilot tested in 20 sites in India as RNTCP. In RNTCP the proportion of TB cases confirmed in the laboratory is double that of the previous programme, and the cure rate is nearly triple that of the previous programme. The operational feasibility of DOTS in the Indian context has been demonstrated, with 8 out of 10 patients treated in the programme being cured as compared to three out of 10 under the previous regime. DOTS has also been shown to prevent the emergence of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDRTB) and to reverse the trend of MDRTB in communities in which it has emerged. Also DOTS can cure TB even in HIV-positive patients. Entire country has been covered under DOTS Strategy by March 2006. The international Joint Monitoring Mission (JMM) in October 2006, has hailed it as the fastest expansion of DOTS in the world.

Isoniazid Isoniazid / Laniazid or Nydrazid) is the classic antituberculosis medication, first discovered in 1912. It was found to be effective against tuberculosis in 1950s. However, Isoniazid is never used on its own to treat active tuberculosis because resistance quickly develops. Rifampicin Rifampicin is a bacteriocidal antibiotic drug. It has been used for TB along with isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin etc. MDR-TB TB that is resistant at least to isoniazid and rifampicin the two most powerful first- line anti-TB drugs is called the Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). It develops because the when the course of antibiotics is interrupted and the levels of drug in the body are insufficient to kill 100% of bacteria. This means that even if the patient forgets to take medicine, there are chances of developing MDR-TB. MDR-TB is treated with secondline of antituberculosis drugs such as a combination of several medicines called SHREZ (Streptom ycin+is onicotinyl Hydrazine+Rifam picin+Etham butol+pyraZinam ide)+MXF+cyclos erine. XDR-TB When the rate of multidrug resistance in a particular area becomes very high, the control of tuberculosis becomes very difficult. This gives rise to a more serious problem of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB). XDR-TB is caused by strains of the

disease resistant to both first- and second-line antibiotics. This confirms the urgent need to strengthen TB control. Thus, Extensively-drug resistant TB (XDR-TB) is a sub-set of MDR-TB which is further resistant to at least two more drugs which are second line drugs and is thus virtually incurable. XDR TB was first described in March 2006 following a joint survey of laboratories by the WHO, IUATLD, and CDC, Atlanta. National Leprosy Eradication Programme Leprosy is a chronic disease caused by a bacillus, Mycobacterium leprae. Official figures (WHO) show that more than 213 000 people mainly in Asia and Africa are infected, with approximately 249 000 new cases reported in 2008. M. leprae multiplies very slowly and the incubation period of the disease is about five years. Symptoms can take as long as 20 years to appear. Leprosy is not highly infectious. It is transmitted via droplets, from the nose and mouth, during close and frequent contacts with untreated cases. Untreated, leprosy can cause progressive and permanent damage to the skin, nerves, limbs and eyes. Early diagnosis and treatment with multidrug therapy (MDT) remain the key elements in eliminating the disease as a public health concern. Treatment of Leprosy Some drugs such as rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone are used to treat Leprosy. In 1993, the WHO had recommended two types of standard MDT regimen be adopted. One was a 24-month treatment for multibacillary (MB or lepromatous) cases using rifampicin, clofazimine, and dapsone. Another was a six-month treatment for paucibacillary (PB or tuberculoid) cases, using rifampicin and dapsone. Leprosy in India In 2007, India was contributing to about 54% of new cases detected globally during the year 2007, and this trend was supposed to continue for some more years. The National Leprosy Control Programme was launched by the Government of India in 1955. Multi Drug Therapy came into wide use from 1982 and the National Leprosy Eradication Programme was launched in 1983. Since then, remarkable progress has been achieved in reducing the disease burden. India achieved the goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem, defined as less than 1 case per 10,000 population, at the National level in the month of December 2005 as set by the National Health Policy, 2002. Here is the current position : (Source Ministry of Health, data is of January 2009) 29 states/UTs have achieved leprosy elimination status 6 States/UTs viz. Bihar, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal, Jharkhand, Chandigarh and D&N Haveli are yet to achieve elimination. With 87,206 leprosy cases on record at end of March 2008, the prevalence rate was 0.74/10,000 population. During 2007-08, a total of 1.38 lakhs new leprosy cases were detected giving Annual New Case Detection Rate of 11.70 per lakh population. All the newly detected cases were put under

treatment. During 2008-09 (upto November 2008), 94,794 new leprosy cases were detected and put under treatment. 1353 reconstructive operations were performed for correction of disability among leprosy affected persons during April to November 2008. Out of 85,176 cases discharged during April to November 2008, 78808 cases (92.5%) were released as cured after completing treatment. National Leprosy Eradication Programme Government of India had launched the National Leprosy Control Programme in 1955 based on "Daps one" immunotherapy. Then the Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) came into wide use from 1982 and the Programme was re-designated the National Leprosy Eradication Programme (NLEP) in 1983. The programme was expanded with World Bank assistance and the 1st phase of the World Bank supported National Leprosy Elimination Project started from 1993-94 and ended in March 2000. The 2nd phase of World Bank supported National Leprosy Elimination Project started from April 2001 and ended successfully in December 2004. During the 2nd phase, NLEP was decentralized to States/Districts and Leprosy Services were integrated with the General Health Care System. Since then, free Multi Drug Therapy (MDT) is available at all Sub-Centres, PHCs and Government Hospitals and Dispensaries on all working days. The programme has been integrated with NRHM. The state & district leprosy societies have been merged with the state and district health societies. The National Health Policy, 2002 had set the goal of elimination of leprosy (i.e., to reduce the number of cases to <1/10,000 population) by the year 2005. India has achieved this goal of elimination of leprosy as a public health problem at the national level in the month of December 2005, when the recorded Prevalence Rate (PR) in the country was 0.95/10,000 population. By March 2007, the prevalence rate of leprosy in the country had declined to 0.72 per 10,000 population. Current Position: The above narrative comes from the India Year Book and clearly says that India achieved the elimination of leprosy 7 years ago. But, according to World Health Organization, India still records the highest number of fresh cases globally. AsperWHO,65%of allnewcasesofleprosygloballyarefromIndia. The health ministrys latest data shows between April 2010 and March 2011, India recorded 1, 26,800 fresh cases of leprosy, of which 12,463 were children under the age of 15. Around 4,000 of these patients had disabilities due to leprosy.

In this context, the Health Ministry recently called up a meeting and discussed these high numbers. Most of states of India eliminated the disease in 2005 (elimination is less than 1 case per 10,000), but it has been quoted that as many as 209 districts still record more than 10 cases per 10,000 which is tremendously high. These districts are mainly in Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Dadar & Nagar Haveli. Now, Indias leprosy prevalence rate stands at 0.69 cases per 10,000. Under the 12th five-year plan, starting from 2012, India intends to start WHO s child-tochild policy under which school students will be taught to identify patches on the skin of their classmates. Although there is no vaccine, leprosy is curable with multi-drug therapy (MDT). Within a day of starting MDT, there is no risk of the disease infecting another person.

National Programme for Prev ention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiov ascular Diseases & Stroke NPCDCS stands for National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke. The erstwhile National Cancer Control Programme was revisited and reformulated in 2009 as comprehensive National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Diseases & Stroke (NPCDCS) for the remaining two years of the 11th Five Year Plan. During the year 2010-11 and 2011-12, a provision of Rs. 1230.90 crore has been made for NPCDCS out of which Rs. 731.52 crore is for Cancer component. The new programme envisages implementation in 100 districts of 21 states. The objectives of this programme include the prevention and control of common noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) which includes cancer, through behavior and life style changes; provide early diagnosis and management of common NCDs, build capacity at various levels of health care for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of common NCDs; train human resource with the public health set up to cope with the increasing burden of NCDs and establish and develop capacity for palliative & rehabilitative care.

Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram Neonatal Deaths in India: According to WHO stats, out of 9.2 million under-5 deaths in world, India accounts for 2.2 million which is maximum in the world. Two-third of the neonatal deaths occurred in the first week of life, two-third of those took place within the first 24 hours due to non-availability of delivery institutions in and smaller towns. Causes Causes of neonatal deaths include infection, complications related to premature birth, pneumonia, diarrhoea and measles apart from hypothermia and infection, and basic newborn resuscitation. Focus on New Born Care in National Rural Health Mission: To

reduce the neonatal mortality which constitutes 45% of under-5 mortality, the following initiatives have been taken under the NRHM framework: (i) Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram a new programme in Basic new-born care and resuscitation (23% of neonatal death occurs due to asphyxia at birth). (ii) Creation of new-born care units at district level hospitals, stabilization units at CHC level and new born corners at PHC level to provide specialized care. (iii) Skill development of ASHAs and skilled birth attendants to ensure home-based new born and child care. The above three prong strategy is expected to make a significant reduction in infant mortality. Navjaat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram Navjat Shishu Suraksha Karyakram is a new programme in Basic new-born care and resuscitation (23% of neonatal death occurs due to asphyxia at birth). A two-day training module for care providers at health facilities has been developed and training programme to train master trainers at State and district levels has been rolled out with the support of Indian Academy of Paediatrics and Neonatal Forum of India. Training for all care providers shall be completed by June 2010. The NSSK will train healthcare providers at the district hospitals, community health centres and primary health centres in the interventions at birth with the application of the latest available scientific methods aimed at significantly reducing the infant mortality ratio. The Health and Family Welfare Ministry will organise district level trainers training programme for 10 States and master trainers training programmes in other States and Union Territories. The States will be expected to roll out training for medical officers, nurses and auxiliary nurse midwives on their own. This program was launched in September 2009 by Union Health Minister Gulam Nabi Azad. The aim of the program is to reduce the Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) from 55 to 30 by the year 2012. IMR in India was 60 in 2003 & 55 in 2007. The new programme will enable the paramedical staff to save new born child and mother at various health centres across the country. Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram : The Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) was launched on 1st June, 2011. This scheme supplements the cash assistance given to a pregnant woman under Janani Suraksha Yojana and is aimed at mitigating the burden of out of pocket expenses incurred by pregnant women and sick newborns. The initiative entitles all pregnant women delivering in public health institutions the following: Absolutely free and no expense delivery, including caesarean section. Free drugs and consumables Free diet up to 3 days during normal delivery and up to 7 days for C-section Free diagnostics Free blood wherever required. Free transport from home to institution, between facilities in case of a referral and drop back home. Similar entitlements have been put in place for all sick newborns accessing public health institutions for treatment till 30 days after birth.

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