1) 2) 3)

MOVEMENT OF LEG Tendons join muscle to bones. Tendons are inelastic. Force is transferred to the bones through the tendons. Ligaments join two bones at a joint. They give support to the joint during movement. They are strong and elastic. As an example, a hinje joint allows the leg to bend. The quadricepts/extensor muscle contracts whereas the biceps femoris muscle relaxes amd the leg is straightened. The biceps femoris muscle contract whereas the quadriceps femoris muscle relaxes and the leg is bent. The calf muscle contracts to pull the feet. The heel is pushed downwards and backwards, the repated action of contracting and relation produces the running action. The long and thick bone at the cintre gives strength to support the body weight. WALKING The calf muscle contract and raises the heel. In doing so, it exerts a forward thrust by pushing the ball of foot against the ground. The hamstring mucle(biceps femoris) contracts to pull the femur back and bends the knee. The leg is raised. Now the weight is supported by the left leg. When the quadriceps femoris contract, pulls the femur forward and extend the leg. When the extension of the leg is completed, the tibialis contract to lower the heel. The foot then regain contact with the ground. Whole sequence is repeated with left leg. FISH Endoskeleton Sleel and streamlined body shape that helps to overcome water resistance. Slimy coating and overlapping scales facing backward. This minimize frictional drag and maintains a smooth flow of water on the body. The endoskeleton of fish consist of myotome mucle that W-shaped segments that make up the body of a fish. Myotome muscle carry out opposing actions. When the muscle on other side contract, the other side relax/ The alternationg waves of contraction and relation pass down myotomes on either side of the body from head to tail. This causes the different parts of the body to sweep from side to side, pushing the water backwards and fish forward.

4) EARTHWORM Hyrostatic skeleton which depends on fluid-filled cavity in the body called coelom to move. The movement is aided by hydrostatic pressure exerted upon the body of the earthworm. This allows it to shorten, elongate and protrude forward. The coelom is surrounded by the circular muscle which surrounds the cavity and longtitudnal muscle which extends from one to end to other end. Contraction and relaxtion of circular and longitudinal muscle results in peristaltic wave which enables it to move forward.