KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

VALUE BASED QUESTIONS IN MATHEMATICS

CLASS- XII

Director : Ms Usha A Iyer Prepared By :N.NayakPGT(Maths)

KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, ZIET , BHUBANESWAR VALUE BASED QUESTIONS SUBJECT:MATHS CLASS:XII
1)Two companies A & B decided to award prizes to their employees for three values namely Sincerity (x), Sociability(y) & Modesty(z). Company A decided to award a total of 11000 for three values to 5 , 4 & 3 employees respectively while Company B decided to award Rs. 10700 for the above three values to 4 , 3 ,5 employees respectively. If all the three prizes together, amounts to Rs. 2700 then, (i)Represent the above situation by a matrix equation & form linear equations using matrix multiplication. (ii)Is it possible to solve the system of equations so obtained using matrices. (iii)Which value you prefer to be rewarded most & why Ans. (i) 5 4 1 4 3 1 3 5 x 1 x y z 11000 = 10700 2700

5x + 4y + 3z = 11000 4x + 3y+ 5z = 10700 x + y + z = 2700

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Let A =

5 4 1

4 3 1

3 5 1 (2)

(ii) /A/ = 5(--2) 4(--1) + 3(1) = --10 +4 +3 = --3 0 So the system of equations has a unique solution. (iii) Any answer of three values with proper reasoning will be considered correct. (1) (1)

2).In a group of 100 patriotic people, 20 believe in non-violence. If two persons are selected at random out of them, (i)Find the probability distribution for the selected persons who are non- violent. (ii)Also find the mean & variance of the distribution. (iii)Explain the importance of non- violence in patriotism. Ans- (i)Let X denote the number of non-violent persons out of the two selected persons. Then the possible values of X are 0 ,1 & 2 No. of non violent people = 20 No. of violent & patriotic people = 80 P(X = 0) = (80 X 79)/ (100 X 99) = 6320 /9900 P(X = 1) = (80 X 20 X 2)/(100 X 99) = 3200 / 9900 P(X = 2) = (20 X 19)/(100 X 99) = 380/9900 (ii) Mean = 0x6320 /9900 + 1 x3200 / 9900 + 2 x 380/9900 = 3960/9900 = 0.4 (1) (2)

(iii)Importance: Both the values i.e patriotism & non- violence are required to have a peaceful atmosphere. (1)

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3)5000 cyclists, 4000 scooter drivers & 3000 motor bike drivers are insured to an insurance company. Their respective probability of an accident are 0.01, 0.03 & 0.25. If one of the insured persons met with an accident, find the probability that (i) He is a bike driver. (ii) Which mode of transport would you suggest to a student & why. Ans- (i) Let A be the event that the person meets with an accident P (cyclists) = P(E1) = 5/12 P (scooter driver) = P(E2) = 1/3 P(motor bike driver) = P(E3) = 1/4 P ( A/E1) = 0.01 p ( A/E2) = 0.0390 p( A/E3) = 0.25 P( E3 /A) = P(E3)P( A/E3)/{ p(E1 ) ( A/E1) + P(E2)( A/E2) + P(E3)( A/E3)} (1/4)(0.25)/{ (5/12)(0.01) +(1/3)(0.039) + (1/4)( 0.25) } (ii)The mode of transport by cycle is to be preferred as it is (a)good for Health. (b) Pollution free. (c) No fuel is required. (1) (3)

4) (a)Suppose that the reliability of a HIV test is specified as follows: Of people having HIV, 90% of the test detects the disease but 10% go undetected. Of people free of HIV , 99% of the test are judged HIV ve but 1% are diagnosed as showing HIV +ve.From a large population of which only 0.1% have HIV, one person is selected at random, given the HIV test, and the pathologist reports him/her as HIV +ve. What is the probability that the person actually has HIV?

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(b) A & B are working in the same company . A noticed that B is suffering from a serious disease of which B is not aware. When asked for check up B refused. A convinced B how important it is to get check up done. What according to you are the values displayed by B in helping him. Ans(a) Let E denote the event that the person selected is actually having HIV & A the event that the persons HIV test is diagnosed as +ve.

Let E denote the event that the person selected is actually not having HIV. P (E) = 0.1% = 0.001 P (E) = 1 -- P (E) = 0.999 P(A/E) = P(Person tested as HIV +ve given that he/she is actually having HIV) = 90% = 0.9 P(A/E) = P(Person tested as HIV +ve given that he/she is actually not having HIV) = 1% = 0.01 Now , by Bayes theorem P(E/A) = P(E).P(A/E) P(E).P(A/E) + P(E).P(A/E) = 0.001 X 0.9 0.001 X 0.9 + 0.999 X 0.01 The values displayed by B are (i)Knowledge of the subject. (ii) His concern for his friend . (1) = 90/1089 (5)

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5)(a)Three students Rahul , Rahim & Rakesh appear for an interview and their respective chances of selection is 0.5 , 0.3 & 0.4.Find the probability that (i) None is selected (ii) Atleast one is selected. Ans P(A) = Probability that A is selected = 0.2 P(B) = Probability that B is selected= 0.3 P(C) = Probability that C is selected = 0.4 P(A) = Probability that A is not selected = 1--0.2 =0.8 P(B) = Probability that B is not selected= 1-- 0.3 = 0.7 P(C) = Probability that C is not selected =1-- 0. 4 = 0.6 P(None is selected)= P( A B C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = P(None is selected) = 0.8 X 0.7 X0.6 = 0.336 P(At least one is selected) = 1 -- P(None is selected) = 10.336 = 0.664 (1) (1) (1)

5)(b).Rahul has to attend to an interview. As Rahul was not keeping well, he vomited on the way on his dress. Rahim, the friend of Rahul who was with him washed his shirt and provided him enough water and sprayed scent in his shirt to get rid of the foul smell. Rahul attended the interview ,performed well and finally selected. What values do you find in Rahim & Rakesh . The values displayed by Rahim are (i) Humanity (ii) Helping nature & (iii) Responsible 1)

6)(a)If the three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram are represented by the points A (0,2,3), B(--1,1,4) & C (4,3,7) find its area by vector method.

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 Ans:

^ ^ & ^ j 1 2 ^ k --1 3

B A = i + j -- k ^ i 1 5

BC = 5i + 2j + 3k

BA X BC =

= 5i 8j 3k

Area of parallelogram = / A X B / = 25 + 64 + 9 = 98 = 7 2 sq. unit (3)

6) (b)X was struggling in understanding the Parallelogram law of vectors . His friend Y explained him how the law works. Comment on the values of Y. Ans.- Y is helpful in nature. He has concern for his friend. (1) 7) Two farmers Ramkrushna and Hari Prasad cultivated three varieties of rice namely Basmati, Permal and Naura . The sale (in rupees) of these varieties of rice by both the farmers in the month of September and October are given by the following matrices A and B. September Sales (in Rupees) A = Basmati 10000 50000 Permal 20000 30000 Naura 30000 10000 Ramkrishna Hari Prasad

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October sales (in Rupees) B = Basmati 5000 20000 Permal 10000 10000 Naura 6000 10000 Ramkrishna HariPrasad

i)Find the combined sale in Spetember and October for each farmer in each variety. ii)Find the decrease in sales from September to October. iii)If both farmers receive 2% profit on gross sales, compute the profit for each farmer & for each variety sold in cotober. iv)Which farmer gets more profit in the over all sales for both the months . v)Which farmer in your opinion is more resourceful and why? Ans:-- i) Combined sales for each farmer in each variety in September & October is given by A + B = Basmati 15000 70000 Permal 30000 40000 Naura 36000 Ramkrishna

20000 HariPrasad (1)

ii) Change in sales from September to October is given by Basmati A -- B = 50000 30000 Permal 10000 20000 Naura 24000 0 HariPrasad Ramkrishna (1)

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iii) 2% of B = 0.02 X B = Basmati 0.02X 5000 20000 Basmati = 100 400 Permal 10000 10000 Permal 200 200 Naura 6000 Ramkrishna

(1)

10000 HariPrasad Naura 120 200 Ramkrishna HariPrasad

Hence in October Ramkrishna receives Rs.100, Rs. 200 & Rs.120 as profit in the sale of each variety of rice respectively, and Hariprasad receives profit of Rs.400, Rs.200 & Rs.200 in the sale of each variety of rice , respectively. (1) iv)Hariprasad gets more profit on sales of both varieties of rice for both the months. (0.5) v)Hariprasad is more resourceful as he makes more profit in same two months of time. (0.5) 8)(a)If A = 2 3 B= 5 2 8

-1

i)Find AB. ii) Is BA defined. If not why ? iii) Is Matrix multiplication Commutative. Ans:--i) A x B = 2 1 3 3 x 5 2 1 0 8 -1 = 13 8 4 2 13 5

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ii)BA is not defined as the number of columns of B is not equal to the number of rows of A. (0.5) iii)No. It is not necessarily commutative. (0.5)

8)(b).Two friends A and B had a fight .After some days A wanted to patch up the matter with B but B did not want to do that .Hence their friendship could not be re-established. i) Which value you associate to A. iii)Do you suggest a method of re-establishing their friendship between A and B. Ans:- i) A is compromising in nature. (0.5)

ii) Interference of third person ,well known to both A & B , can bring an amicable settlement to their problems. (0.5) 9)(a) Find all points of discontinuity of the greatest integer function ,f(x)= [x]. b)Explain any two social situations (as per you)where you can apply the concept of continuity. c).Cite any two examples where discontinuity leads to dissatisfaction. Ans:--a)The greatest integer function is discontinuous at all integral points & continuous at all fractional points. One example be given can to verify the above result. b)Maintaining continuity in studies makes the learning (2)

easier and enjoyable. Continuity in nurturing plants helps the healthy growth of the plants. (0.5 + 0.5) c)Discontinuity in power supply brings uneasiness & hampers the work relating to tha same. (1)

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10)(a)A trust fund has Rs. 30000 that must be invested in two different types of bonds.The first bond pays 5% interest per year & the second bond pays 7% interest per year.Using matrix multiplication , determine how to divide Rs.30000 among the two types of bonds if the trust fund must obtain an annual total interest of Rs.2000. (b)If the same interest is obtained by investing in social welfare measures, which type of investment you would prefer & why. Ans:--(a)Let the investment in bond X is Rs. x & in bond Y is ( 30000 x) 5/100 [x 30000 -- x] X 7/100 5x/100 + 7(30000 --x)/100 = 2000 . . x = 5000 = [2000 ]

So, Rs 5000 is to be invested in bond X & Rs. 25000 is to be invested in bond Y so as to get an interest of Rs. 2000 (3) (b)Investment in social welfare measures is preferred as it would be useful for the common & needy people. (1) 11) a)There are two types of fertilizers F1 & F2. F1consists of 10% nitrogen & 6% phosphoric acid & F2 consists of 5% nitrogen & 10% phosphoric acid. After testing the soil conditions, a farmer finds that he needs atleast 14 kg of nitrogen & 14 kg of phosphoric acid for his crop. If F1 costs Rs. 6/kg & F2 costs Rs.5/kg , determine how much of each type of fertilizer should be used so that nutrient requirements are met at a minimum cost. What is the minimum cost.

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b)Joseph found that his uncle ,who did not have experience of growing plants, was planting the seeds. He explained his uncle the proper procedure for planting the seeds. His uncle , following the same procedure , planted the seeds & the same came out successfully. What values & qualities you find with Joseph & with his uncle. Ans:--(a) Nitrogen Phosphoric acid Cost F1 10% 6% 6/kg F2 5% 10% 5/kg >14kg > 14kg

Let x kg of F1 y kg of F2 are used are used to meet the necessary requirements of nutrients. 10x/100 + 5y/100 14 .(1) 6x/100 + 10y/100 14(2) x 0 & y 0 .(3) Total cost of the fertilizer( = 6x + 5y) is to be minimised subject to the constraints (1),(2),&(3) From the graph of the above three inequations it can be found that F1 = 100 kg & F2 = 80 kg. . . Minimum cost of the fertilizer is Rs.1000. (b)Joseph is straight forward & has knowledge in that field. Josephs uncle is sportive in accepting the ideas of Joseph. (1) 12)(a)An Apache helicopter of enemy is flying along the curve given by y = x2 + 7. A soldier placed at (3, 7), wants to shoot down the helicopter when it is nearest to him. Find the nearest distance. (5)

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b)What according to you is the advantage of shooting from the nearest distance. Ans:-- Let the helicopter is at the point(x,y) when it is nearest to the soldier. So the distance of the helicopter from the soldier = (x -- 3)2 + (y -- 7)2 = (x -- 3)2 + (x 2 +7 -- 7)2 i.e (x -- 3)2 + x 4 Let f(x) = (x -- 3)2 + x 4 . . f(x) = 2(x -- 1)(2x2 + 2x + 3) = 0 x = 1 . Also f(1) > 0 . Hence f(x) is minimum when x = 1. Nearest distance = f(1) = 5 b) Easier to hit the target & the impact becomes more. (5) (1)

13)(a)A rectangular sheet of tin 45cm x 24cm is to be made into a box without top, by cutting off equal squares from each corner & folding up the flaps. What should be the side of the square to be cut off so that the volume of the box is maximum. b)There are two boxes having the same volume but different surface areas . Which box you would prefer to buy. Ans:-- Let the side of the square cut off is x So , the length , breadth & height of the box are respectively (45 2x) cm, (24 -2x)cm & x cm V = Volume of the box = (45 2x) . x. (24-- 2x) cm3 dv/dx = 12(x -- 5)(x-- 18) = 0 x = 5 & x = 18 d2v/dx2 = 12 ( 180 23x) is negative at x = 5. Hence the volume of the box is maximum at x = 5cm. (5)

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b) The box having less surface area is to be preferred because the cost of painting the box will be less. (1) 14)(a)In a particular village ,the population increases continuously at the rate of 5 % per year. In how many years the population of the same village will double itself if the present population of the village is 1000. (b)What ,according to you are the bad effects of population growth. Ans:--a)Let P be the population at any time t. dp/dt = (5/100)P dp/dt = P/20 ..(1) Separating the variables , we get dp/P = dt/20 .(2) Integrating both sides of equation(2) ,we get log P = t /20 + C1 or, P = e t/20. ec1 or, P = K e t/20 ..(3) where K = e c1 Now P = 1000 when t = 0 . Hence from eqn.(3)We get C = 1000 So from eqn. (3) we get P = 1000 e t/20 . Let t years be the time required for the population to get doubled. Then 2000 = 1000 e t/20 . . t = 20 log 2 = 20(0.3010) = 6.02 years. b)The bad effects of population growth are: (i) Fails national planning & implementation (ii) Demand supply ratio becomes imbalanced. (iii) Heavy taxation on natural resources. (1.5) (4.5)

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15)Show that the relation R in the set Z of integers given by R = { (a,b) : 2 divides ( a b)} is an equivalence relation. Also give two examples of social relations which are equivalence relations. Ans:-- Reflexive property : R is reflexive ,as 2 divides (a a) for all a Z. Symmetric property: Let (a ,b) R, then 2 divides (a -- b). So 2 divides ( b -- a).Hence R is symmetric. Transitive property: Let (a,b) R & (b,c) R, then (a b ) & (b -- c) are both divisible by 2. So (a - b) + ( b-- c) i,e (a -- c) is also divisible by 2. Hence R is transitive. (3) The social relations like Is the brother of & Is the sister of in the group of all ladies & all gents resp. are equivalence relations.

NABAGHAN NAYAK,PGT( MATHS.)

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