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Section One: Academic publishing Section Two: Before you start Section Three: Manuscript structure Section Four: Hints and tips Edanz Journal Selector
Your target journal in minutes not days
Scientific publishing
Cricketer Physical fitness Team members Rules of the game Opposition Win games
Scientific publishing
Scientific publishing
The international language of science Other scientists want to hear from Indian researchers! Become an effective science communicator Funding International reputation Career advancement
Scientific publishing
Editor
Reject
Scientific publishing
Publishing timeline
Scientific publishing
Few papers are accepted without revision Rejection and revision are integral to the Peer review should be a positive experience
Scientific publishing
Novelty Significance
Scientific publishing
High quality research Clear & concise English Stands up to peer review Original & novel advances a field Interesting to journals readership Active research area Quickly assess your work
Cover letter Appropriate references
Scientific publishing
Publication ethics
Section Two
Reading
Read often
2030 min each day 60 min, once a week
Results: figures, tables, schematics, equations Discussion Introduction and Methods if necessary
Study design
Critical What is your hypothesis or research question? The aim(s) of your study What methods are appropriate? Do you have the relevant resources? Identify your controls
Study design
Journal Selection
Novelty Significance
Timing
Factors to consider
Incremental advances
Conceptual advances
Are my findings of relevance only to a specific geographical region or ethnic population? Are there implications for other regions and populations? High impact factor journals may consider specific findings if they are the first of their kind or of international significance.
Incomplete data
Poor analysis
Scientifically irrelevant Unclear Not explicitly stated Not supported by your data
Does not stand up to scrutiny Inappropriate methods Conclusions questionable Invalidates study
Journal requirements not met Rationale and aims not stated Poor grammar and style
Journal requirements not met Research too specialized Author guidelines not followed
Long, complex sentences and paragraphs Non-native expressions Gaps in the logic Too much information
Inappropriate journal selected Research too specialized Not suitable for target audience
Manuscript structure
Section Three
Manuscript structure
Introduction = Beginning
Assertion tell them what you are going to tell them,
Body = Middle
Evidence tell them,
Conclusion = End
Affirmation tell them again what you told them.
Manuscript structure
IMRaD
Assertion
Evidence
Affirmation
Manuscript structure
Manuscript structure
Abstract
Concise Describe problem(s) addressed Objectives/hypotheses Techniques; avoid details Most important results Concluding statement
Manuscript structure
Introduction
Manuscript structure
Introduction Beginning
Specific
Manuscript structure
Introduction Middle
Rationale
The reason(s) for doing this work? Why is it important? Justify your work
Explain how you addressed the problem Do not state results from your work
Manuscript structure
Introduction End
State the methods used Clearly and explicitly state specific aims of your study
Manuscript structure
Methods
Subheadings Past tense New methods must be described in sufficient detail that they can be reproduced Established methods can be referenced
Manuscript structure
Results
Use subheadings Past tense to describe your results Present tense when referring to figures and tables Do not explain the results Do not duplicate data among figures, tables and text
Manuscript structure
Display items
Present data quickly and efficiently Most significant result as a figure or table Keep it simple use separate panels if necessary Label all parts of figures Legends must be able to stand alone
Manuscript structure
Discussion
Manuscript structure
Discussion Beginning
Avoid just restating results Answer the research question(s) posed Emphasize the major finding(s) first What is your major conclusion, based on the results you have presented?
Manuscript structure
Discussion Middle
Manuscript structure
Discussion End
Manuscript structure
Provides relevant information to the readers Self-citations Old references 75% of references from last 5 years
Section Four
Clear communication Language Cover letters Responding to reviewers
Information is easier to interpret when placed where most readers expect to find it Good writers are aware of these expectations Readability
1. Verb placement
Sentence
Subject
Verb .
1. Verb placement
Sentence
Readers become confused if subject and verb are separated by too much content
The smallest of the URF's (URFA6L), a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH2]-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene, has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene.
The smallest of the URF's is URFA6L, a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH2]-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene, has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene.
The smallest of the URF's (URFA6L) has been identified as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene; URFA6L is a 207-nucleotide (nt) reading frame overlapping out of phase the [NH2]-terminal portion of the adenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) subunit 6 gene. We identified the smallest of the URF's (URFA6L) as the animal equivalent of the recently discovered yeast H-ATPase subunit 8 gene. URFA6L is a
Which voice?
2. Active voice
Subject Verb
Active
3. Stress position
Subject
Verb
take-home information
.
Stress position
The dog sat when her mistress offered a treat. The dog sat when a treat was offered by her mistress. When the mistress offered her a treat, the dog sat.
4. Topic position
Topic position
Subject Verb
Stress position
.
Topic position
sentence idea Topic link idea idea
idea
Readability
Sentence length
We examined numerous peer-reviewed journals Easy to read articles had an average sentence length of 17 words Sentences that are 1520 words One sentence: one idea
Maximum 2530 words per sentence Not more than four 30-word sentences in the whole manuscript Think about reader expectation and match the expectation with the contents
Simple is best
Simple language is best Makes your science more relevant Minimizes confusion maximizes understanding Science is complex Use simple language to help more people understand your work
Declare conflicts of interests Format and resolution of graphics files Copyright and payment forms
Introduces manuscript to editor Acts as a guide for editor Sells your work Speeds up publication process
Address to editor personally State manuscript title and publication type Brief background, rationale, description of results Explain importance of your results Why would your findings be of interest to the journals target audience?
Please find enclosed our manuscript entitled Amyloid-like inclusions in the brains of Huntingtons disease patients, by McGowan et al., which we would like to submit for publication as a Research Paper in Neurogenetics. Recent immunohistochemical studies have revealed the presence of neuronal inclusions containing an N-terminal portion of the mutant huntingtin protein and ubiquitin in the brain tissues of Huntingtons disease (HD) patients; however, the role of these inclusions in the disease process has remained unclear. One suspected disease-causing mechanism in Huntingtons disease and other polyglutamine disorders is the potential for the mutant protein to undergo a conformational change to a more stable anti-parallel -sheet structure To confirm if the immunohistochemically observed huntingtin- and ubiquitin-containing inclusions display amyloid features, we performed Congo red staining and both polarizing and confocal microscopy on post-mortem human brain tissues obtained from five HD patients, two AD patients, and two normal controls. Congo red staining revealed a small number of amyloid-like inclusions showing green birefringence by polarized microscopy, in a variety of cortical regions.... .detected inclusions observed in parallel sections, suggesting that only a relatively small proportion of inclusions in HD adopt an amyloid-like structure. We believe our findings would appeal to a broad audience, such as the readership of Neurogenetics. As a wide-reaching journal publishing original research on all aspects of neuroscience Please address all correspondence to.
Few papers are accepted without revision Rejection and revision are integral Peer review is a positive process
Politely respond to all comments in a response letter Make it easy to see the changes Refer to line and page numbers Different color font Highlight the text
Revision
You can disagree with reviewers, but provide evidence (cite references)
Agreement
Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: We agree with the reviewers assessment of the analysis. Our tailored function makes it impossible to fully interpret the data in terms of the prevailing theories. In addition, in its current form it would be difficult to tell that this measurement constitutes a significant improvement over previously reported values. We have redone the analysis using a Gaussian fitting function.
Disagreement
Reviewer Comment: In your analysis of the data you have chosen to use a somewhat obscure fitting function (regression). In my opinion, a simple Gaussian function would have sufficed. Moreover, the results would be more instructive and easier to compare to previous results. Response: We agree with the reviewer that a simple Gaussian fit would facilitate comparison with the results of other studies. However, our tailored function allows for the analysis of the data in terms of the Smith model [Smith et al, 1998]. We have added two sentences to the paper (page 3 paragraph 2) to explain the use of this function and Smiths model.
Cryptic questions
The authors hypothesized to look for the pharmacokinetics of the insulin using this 4 mm needle; However they didn't do bioequivalence analyses for glucose pharmacodynamics. That is one of my concerns about this methodology.
Cosmetic changes
Grammar & spelling Long, complex sentences and paragraphs Gaps in the logic Poor manuscript organization Too much information
Online resources
Edanz edanzediting.com Springer Exemplar www.springerexemplar.com/ Google Scholar scholar.google.com/ Purdue Online Writing Lab owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/
Free resources
Free resources
If you cant explain something simply, you dont understand it well. Albert Einstein
Write to express not impress Consider your audience their native language may not be English
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