American Economic Association

N: Economic History Source: Journal of Economic Literature, Vol. 43, No. 4 (Dec., 2005), pp. 1134-1139 Published by: American Economic Association Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4129409 . Accessed: 24/03/2014 11:15
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1134

Economic History
UniversityPress, [1999] 2004. Pp. xiii, 342. $25.99. ISBN 0-521-60101-0. JEL2005-1364 inProvidesa concise nationalhistoryof Australia tended for an internationalreadership. Discusses Australiaprior to European colonization;the newcomers, c. 1600-1792; the penal colony and coerof coercionby the state cion, 1793-1821;a relaxation and more reliance on the marketand its associated forms of voluntarybehavior,1822-50; the colonies celebrate progress, 1851-88; national reconstruction, 1889-1913; war and sacrifice, 1914-45; a golden age, 1946-74; the reinvention of Australia, 1974-2004; and what may be next for Australia. Macintyreis the Ernest Scott Professorof History at the Universityof Melbourne.Index. MOSES, JONATHON W. NorwegianCatch-Up:Developmentand Globalization beforeWorldWarII. Aldershot, U.K. and Burlington,Vt.:Ashgate,2005. Pp. x, 149. $69.95. ISBN 0-7546-4354-9. JEL 2005-1365 Describes how, from the closing decades of the nineteenth century to World War I, Norwaymanfrom a poor, relativelystatic aged a transformation economy into a vibrantindustrialeconagricultural of the interomy. Outlines the main characteristics national economy in the half century preceding WorldWarI. Describes Norway'sinstitutionalcontext at the turn of the nineteenth century.Discusses the main characteristicsof Norwegian economic growthover the period, relativeto other countries, on the role playedby the three mainmoelaborating tors of the Norwegian economy: farming,fishing, and shipping.Examinesthe way in whichchangesin the internationalmarketsfor grain, fish, and shipping influenced Norwegian developments. Addresses Norway'sreliance on internationalcapital and investment sources. Describes the role of emigration in Norway'seconomic development. Ties together the various aspects of Norway'seconomic developmentto explainhow Norwaypulleditselfout of poverty.An epilogue describes the natureof the Norwegianinterwarcrisis and the importantinstitutions and policies that were implemented to corwith liberalmarkets. rect forthe problemsassociated Mosesis at the NorwegianUniversityof Scienceand index. Technology.Bibliography; See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1237, 2005-1365, 2005-1373, 2005-1390, 2005-1448
N2 FINANCIAL MARKETS AND INSTITUTIONS GOETZMANN, WILLIAM N. AND ROUWENHORST, K.

THIEL, JOACHIM. Creativityand Space:Labourand the Restructuringof the GermanAdvertisingIndustry. Ashgate Economic Geography Series. Aldershot, U.K. and Burlington,Vt.:Ashgate,2005. Pp. xi, 181. $89.95. ISBN 0-7546-4328-X. JEL 2005-1362 of the GermanadvertisStudiesthe restructuring ing industryover the past twenty-fiveyears,focusing on the rise of Hamburgas the country's new "creative as well as on the role of labormarketmechcapital" anismsas catalystsof this change.Drawson intensive infieldwork,includingaboutthirtysemi-structured evidencecarried terviewsandthoroughdocumentary out since 2000. Reviewsthe majoracademicdebates aboutthe postindustrial economicactivityandhow it interactswith its socialand spatialcontext.Discusses as an economicactivity anddescribeshow advertising are reflectingin generalchangesin globaladvertising the changingstructureof Germanadvertising.Provides a firm-levelperspectiveon the restructuring of Germanadvertisingan an innovationprocess. Studies the labormarketand the creativeprofessionalin the restructuring of advertising. Thiel is at Hamburg index. Universityof Technology. Bibliography; See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1209, 2005-1337, 2005-1346, 2005-1471
M4 ACCOUNTING AND AUDITING

See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1286, 2005-1289 M5

PERSONNEL ECONOMICS

MARTOCCHIO, JOSEPH J., ed. Researchin Personneland

24. AmsHuman Resources Management.Volume terdamand Oxford: Elsevier,2005. Pp. xi, 311. ISBN 0-7623-1215-7. JEL 2005-1363 Seven paperspresentrecentresearchin personnel and humanresourcesmanagement.Papersdiscussa multilevel applicationof learning and performance orientationsto individual,group, and organizational a reviewof fairness effectsin collectiveconoutcomes; texts;what predictsblowingthe whistle on organizaa model of employee self-service tionalwrongdoing; learnercontrolandworkplace technologyacceptance; and predictingindividual e-learning;understanding andan integrative differencesin motivation; theoryof multidimensional fit. Martocchio is at the University of Illinois.No index.

See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1287, 2005-1321, 2005-1346, 2005-1357

Economic History

N1 MACROECONOMICS AND MONETARY ECONOMICS * GROWTH AND FLUCTUATIONS A Concise History ofAustralia. SecSTUART. MACINTYRE,

ond edition. Cambridgeand New York:Cambridge

eds. The Originsof Value:The FinancialInGEERT, novations That Created Modern Capital Markets. Oxford and New York: Oxford University Press,

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Economic History

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2005. Pp. xii, 404. $50.00. ISBN 0-1951-7571-9. JEL 2005-1366 Twentypapersby historiansand economistsstudy financial innovations over the past 4000 years, documentsof mainlyby examiningsurviving primary finance, including financial instruments and contracts. Papers discuss the invention of interest; Roman shares;how business was conducted on the Chinese Silk Road during the Tang Dynasty, 618-907; the originsof papermoneyin China;a govthe evoluernmentvoucher from the Song dynasty; tion of the technologyof financialclaims;Fibonacci and the financialrevolution;bonds and government debt in Italiancity-states,1250-1650;ventureshares of the Dutch East India Company;perpetuities in the stream of history;Amsterdamas the cradle of modern futures trading and options trading, 1550-1650; annuitiesin earlymodernEurope;John the Law as an innovatingtheorist and policymaker; bonds in earlyAmerinventionof inflation-indexed ica; the origins of mutualfunds;transatlantic paper and the emergence of the Americancapitalmarket; the first the originsof the New YorkStockExchange; Germandebt in the twentiethcentury; "eurobonds"; bonds. Goetzmannand Rouwenand KingLeopold's horstare at YaleUniversityandwith its International Center for Finance. Index. GIANNI. Central Bank Cooperationat the 'ONIOLO, Bank for International Settlements, 1930-1973. Withthe assistanceof Piet Clement. Cambridgeand New York:CambridgeUniversityPress, 2005. Pp. xxii, 729. ISBN 0-521-84551-3. JEL 2005-1367 Providesa historyof central bank cooperationat the Bankfor InternationalSettlements (BIS), from the time of its foundationin 1929-30 to the end of the Bretton Woods monetary system in 1971-73. Describes the efforts of the BIS to promote the cooperation of central banks and the successes and to maintain failuresof centralbankersin cooperating the stabilityand promote the efficiency of the system of internationalpayments.Providesa historical introductionto internationalpayments and central bankcooperation.Discusses the gestationand birth and first operations;the of the BIS; its organization 1931 crisis and internationallending; the end of andthe 1933 London the gold standard, reparations, Conference;centralbankcooperationin an autarkic and dividedworld;wartime;BrettonWoods;the reconstructionof multilateralpayments;the achievement of convertibility;and attempts to repair the BrettonWoods system duringthe 1960s. Addresses the early moves towardscooperationamong European Community central banks and the meteoric rise of the eurocurrency market. Bibliography; chronologyof events; index.

See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1236, 2005-1247, 2005-1285 N3 LABOR AND CONSUMERS, DEMOGRAPHY, EDUCATION, HEALTH, INCOME, AND WEALTH ANDDRIBE, TOMMY ROBERT ALLEN, C.; BENGTSSON, eds. Living Standardsin the Past:New PerMARTIN, spectiveson Well-Beingin Asia and Europe. Oxford and New York:Oxford University Press, 2005. Pp. xxii,472. ISBN 0-19-928068-1. JEL 2005-1368 Seventeen papers bring together evidence concerning living standards in pre-industrial Europe and Asia and shed new light on when the gap in living standards between the East and West first emerged. Papers examine standards of living in eighteenth-century China; farm labor productivity in Jiangnan,1620-1850; wages, inequality,and preindustrialgrowth in Japan,1727-1894; agriculture, labor,and the standardof living in eighteenth-century India; long term patterns in real wages in Europe and Asia; the rise of real inequality in early modern Europe; the standard of living before the industrial revolution in the Western part of the Netherlands;economic growth, human capital formation, and consumption in Western Europe before 1800; average heights in Northern Europe over a millennium; physical and economic wellbeing of the Russian population in the eighteenth century; maternal mortality as an indicator of the standard of living in eighteenth- and nineteenththe standardof livingin Denmark century Slavonia; in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; short-termdemographicchanges in relationto economic fluctuations in Tuscany, 1823-54; new evidence on the standardof living in Sweden during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries; individuals and communities facing economic stress; living standards in Liaoning, 1749-1909; and demographicresponses to short-term economic stress in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century rural Japan. Allen is at Oxford University and a fellow of Nuffield College. Bengtsson and Dribe are at Lund University.Index.
BJELOPERA,JERMOE P. City of Clerks:Officeand Sales

Workersin Philadelphia,1870-1920. The Working Class in American History. Urbana and Chicago: Universityof IllinoisPress, 2005. Pp. ix, 208. $22.00, JEL 2005-1369 paper. ISBN 0-252-07227-8. Explores the early history of the office and sales workforce in Philadelphia during the ages of smokestacks, between 1870 and 1920. Introduces Philadelphia's office and sales workforce and changing relationship to the city'soverallwhite-colthe workplace larworkforce overthe period.Examines experiences of low-level white-collar workers, dehow office employeesandsalespeoplelooked scribing

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Economic History
focus on Europeanand Africanmigrations to early modern BritishAmerica(JamesHorn and PhilipD. the enslavementof Indiansin earlyAmerMorgan); ica (JoyceE. Chaplin); andnational locatingauthority identityin the seventeenth-century EnglishAtlantic world(MarkL. Thompson); andrepatriation captivity to the Atlanticslavetrade (David BarryGaspar); the worldof Marotta/Magdalena, a womanof PopoandSt. Thomas (Ray A. Kea); mariners, merchants,and colonists in seventeenth-centuryEnglish America (April Lee Hatfield);the legalistic turn in colonial British America(WilliamM. Offutt);Jonathan Edof the wards,the Enlightenment,and the formation Protestant tradition in America German (Avihu Zakai); Lutheranmissionariesin eighteenth-century Pennchartered and sylvania (Wolfgang Splitter); enterprises the evolutionof the BritishAtlanticworld(Elizabeth Mancke); Florida, Kew, and the British imperial meridianin the 1760s(RobertOlwell);illustrations of colonialscenesin British E. Crowart(John landscape and transatlantic ley); and Quakerism genealogiesin colonial BritishAmerica(KarinWulf). Manckeis at the University of Akron.Shammas is at the University of SouthernCalifornia. Index. G. The Politics of Resentment:ShopNORD,PHILIP Paris.Reprint keeperProtestin Nineteenth-Century edition. With a new introductionby the author. New Brunswick, N.J. and London: Transaction,[1986] 2005. Pp. xxvii,539. $34.95. ISBN 1-4128-0461-2. JEL 2005-1372 Investigatesthe originsand politicsof shopkeeper militancy in Paris in the 1880s and 1890s, paying special attention to the development of the Ligue syndicale du travail, de l'industrieet du commerce. Discusses the formationof the Ligue syndicale;department stores and small shops; the BaronHaussmann'sprogramof public worksand urbanrenewal and the resultingchanges in Paris'scommercialgeography;the economic crisis of the 1880s; a case study of business and residence in the Palais-Royal andthe ideologyof ward;shopkeeperrepublicanism the Ligue syndicale; the Boulangistinterlude;the shopkeeper movement adrift;the politics and economics of culturaldespair;and the aftermath of the Dreyfus affair. Nord is Professor of History at Princeton University.Bibliography; index. See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1365, 2005-1369, 2005-1370, 2005-1371, 2005-1374, 2005-1412, 2005-1485 N4
GOVERNMENT, WAR, LAW, AND REGULATION

for work and the variousaspectsof the clericalwork world. Investigatesthe class backgrounds of people educationin preparation for seekingbusiness-college office or sales employment.Uses records from the Peirce School,Philadelphia's premierbusinesscollege of the time, to analyze intergenerational mobility acrossthe collar line; discusses the ethnicityof studentspreparing forclericaloccupations; andexamines Peirce'srole as an institutionmediatingentranceinto the office andsalesworkforce. Assessesthe leisureactivitiesof Philadelphia's this group's clerks,examining in the new consumer involvement economythatbegan to emerge in the 1890s. Discussesthe image of ideal workers that the majorityof Philadelphia's clerks stroveto emulate;how some workersrebelledagainst this paragonby engagingin theft and embezzlement and by floutingworkplacenorms;and how the clerical workforce shapedits own racialidentityin relation to the visionof the modelworker. dataon the Analyzes race and evolvingresidentialand familypatternsof clericalworkers.Bjeloperais a former Philadelphia's assistant andcurrently professorat BradleyUniversity lives and worksin the Washington, D.C. area.Index.
LUDY.Citizen Indians: Native American InMADDOX,

tellectuals, Race, and Reform. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 2005. Pp. 205. $35.00. ISBN 0-8014-4354-7. JEL 2005-1370 Examinesthe effortsof turn-of-the-century American IndianIntellectuals to bringa host of pan-Indian issues and problemsto the attentionof the publicand to influencepolitics,often by meansof performance. Examinesthe traditionsof Native performancethat conditionedthe work of intellectualsand reformers; the varietyof performative contextswithinwhich Native intellectuals addressed white audiences; the racial theories that conditionedthe discourseof Native inthe specificeffortsof the Societyof Amertellectuals; ican Indiansto wrest controlof Indianperformances out of the hands of managerialand paternalistic of their whites, especiallythroughthe dissemination own publications; andthe productions of a few Native writers whoseworkmightbest be understood as a performancebasedon a hiddentranscript, the partialenactmentof the contentsof a closed book. Maddoxis Professor of Englishat Georgetown Index. University.
MANCKE, ELIZABETHAND SHAMMAS,CAROLE, eds. The

Creation of the British Atlantic World. AngloAmericain the Transatlantic World. Baltimoreand London:Johns HopkinsUniversityPress, 2005. Pp. vi, 400. $52.00. ISBN 0-8018-8039-4. JEL 2005-1371 Thirteenpaperson the creationof the BritishAtlanticworldexplorethe transatlantic experience--the transformation of peoples, institutions,and ideas as they circulate aroundand across the ocean. Papers

ROBERT H. Beyond the Miracleof the Market: BATES, The PoliticalEconomyof AgrarianDevelopment in Kenya.Secondedition.PoliticalEconomyof Institutions and Decisions. Cambridge and New York:

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Economic History

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Press,[1989]2005. Pp. xx,203. Cambridge University $65.00, cloth; $22.99, paper.ISBN 0-521-85269-2, cloth;0-521-61795-2, pbk. JEL 2005-1373 Provides an interpretationof the contemporary political history of Kenya, focusing on the agrarian foundations of politics, to locate the sources of Kenyanexceptionalism.Seeks to explaintwo exceptional features of Kenya relative to other countries in Africa:its commitmentto growth,particularly in export agriculture, and its destruction of socialist movements, which in other countries have formed governments.Covers the origins of the demand for revolutionin the ruralareasof colonialKenya,leading to the Mau Mau rebellion and Kenyan independence;politicsandpoliticalconflictat the national level fromthe Mau Maurebellionthroughthe early years of independence; and the originsof ruraleconomic institutions, economic competition among interests, and the politics of Kenya's agrarian singleparty system. Describes the controversies arising duringfood shortagesin 1979-80 and 1984-85 concerning the competence of public institutions, the wisdom of public policies, and the legitimacyof national leadership. Studies the impact of the food shortages on the politics of four districts-Trans and Nandi.Batesis ProNzoia,Kakamega, Bungoma, fessorof Government at Harvard University.Index.
Empire of Nations: Ethnographic HIRsCH, FRANCINE.

of some regions.Studies continuing "backwardness" the efforts of ethnographersto use the Second AllUnion Census,of 1937 and 1939,to dramatically furinto the Soviet ther the amalgamation of nationalities as anotherculnations.Discussesthe internal passport turaltechnologyof rule. Hirschis Assistant Professor of Historyat the Universityof Wisconsin,Madison. index. Bibliography;
KIRK,THOMAS ALLISON.Genoa and the Sea: Policy

and the Makingof the Soviet Union.CulKnowledge ture & Society after Socialism.Ithaca and London: CornellUniversityPress,2005. Pp. xviii,367. $27.95, paper.ISBN 0-8014-8908-3. JEL 2005-1374 the Soviet approach to the nationality Investigates questionand the developmentof the field of Soviet forsheddinglight on national-identity ethnography, mationand its connectionto Sovietization duringthe first few decades of Soviet rule. Analyzesa series of choices that the Bolsheviksmade between 1905 and 1934 abouthow to "make in a multietha revolution" nic empire and create a new type of state. Studies "Sovietization" during 1924-34, discussingthe First All-UnionCensus, conducted in 1926, as an importanttool of state-building; the delimitation of new administrative territorial units in accordance with ethnographicand economic criteria;and efforts at the EthnographicDepartment of the Russian Museum to determinewhat"Sovietnationalities" should look like and to come up with an official narrative aboutthe formationof the USSR. Examineshow the Soviet Union responded to the rise of national socialismin Germanyandto the spreadof racetheories in the international scientificcommunities,focusing on fieldwork conductedby Sovietethnologists andanto refuteGermanclaimsaboutthe racial thropologists inferiority of the Soviet population, demonstrate the primacyof nurtureover nature, and explainthe

and Power in an Early ModernMaritimeRepublic, 1559-1684. The Johns Hopkins University Studies in Historical and Political Science. Baltimore and London:Johns Hopkins UniversityPress, 2005. Pp. xiii, 276. $49.95. ISBN 0-8018-8083-1. JEL 2005-1375 Studies the maritime policy of the Republic of Genoa,focusingon a period from 1559, when a permanent state body was createdto oversee a publicly owned squadron of vessels, to 1684,when the republic cut the size of its galleysquadronand abandoned efforts to create a force capable of projecting sea power. Discusses the Republicof Genoa in the early sixmodernworld, the Genovese,and the republic's teenth-centurypolitical and economic context. Followsthe evolutionof the Republic of Genoa's maritime policyin relationto internalpoliticsand international diplomacythroughthree distinctphases:a period of internalconflictand the subsequentconsolidation of the rulingclass, a phase characterized by intense financialactivity at the Spanish court;the relatively long withdrawal andpoliticaldistancing periodof financial fromSpain,characterized by variousattemptsto reinvent the republic's maritimevocationand the lackof a single coherent maritimepolicy;and the period of concerted efforts to relaunchGenoa as a maritime powerfollowedby the definitiveadoptionof of a freearmament. Kirk to military portpolicyas an alternative teaches Medieval and RenaissanceStudies at New in Florence. Bibliography; YorkUniversity index.

See also: Book numbers JEL 2005-1196, 2005-1371, 2005-1374

N5 AGRICULTURE, NATURAL RESOURCES, AND EXTRACTIVE INDUSTRIES ENVIRONMENT,
ARAX, MARK AND WARTZMAN, RICK. The

King of California: J. G. Boswell and the Making of a Secret American Empire. New York:PublicAffairs,2003. Pp. viii, 558. $16.95, paper.ISBN 1-58648-281-5. JEL 2005-1376 Tells the story of James Griffin Boswell (Colonel J. G. Boswell), his nephew James GriffinBoswell II (Jim Boswell), and the Boswell empire, focusing on agriculturaloperations in the San Joaquin Valley. Discusses Boswell family history and their cotton

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Economic History
N8 MICRO-BUSINESS HISTORY

growingin Georgia;the social and ecological transformationof the TulareLakeregion from 1800s;the experiencesof the men andwomen who workedthe farms, including blacks and Mexicanswho worked farms under Colonel J. G. Boswell; labor relations and strikes; floods, irrigation, and dam building; Colonel J. G. Boswell'swife Ruth, who connected him to the most elite clan in Southern California; race relationsin the SanJoaquinValley;the transfer of power to Jim Boswell after his uncle's death in 1952; a truce between the Boswell and Salyeragrigiants in order to fight a legal and political battle to keep the federalgovernmentfromenforcingacreage limits in the lake bottom and to oppose the building of a canal;and the ecological consequences of such large-scale farming and political battles on the environmentalfront. Araxis a reporter,and Wartzman is the business editor, for the Los Angeles Times. index. Bibliography; See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1217, 2005-1365, 2005-1373, 2005-1376
N6 MANUFACTURING AND CONSTRUCTION

ARTHURL. Computer and Commerce: A NORBERG,

See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1378, 2005-1436

N7 TRANSPORT, INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC TRADE, ENERGY, TECHNOLOGY, AND OTHER SERVICES

RICHARD C. A Railroad Atlas CARPENTER, of theUnited

States in 1946, Volume 2. New Yorkand New England. Creatingthe North AmericanLandscapeSeries. Baltimore and London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. Pp. xxiii, 256. $65.00. ISBN 0-8018-8078-5. JEL 2005-1377 Volume2 of an atlas tracingthe paths of the railroads that existed in the United States in 1946 covers seven states:Connecticut,Maine,Massachusetts, New Hampshire,New York,Rhode Island,and Vermont. Also includespartsof states and provincesadjacent to these focal states. Mapscover areasthat are thirty-minutesof latitude by thirty-minutesof longitude and show railways,railwaystations,state and county lines, and majorrivers.Roadsare not shown. An introductiondescribes the majorrailroadcharacteristicsof each of the seven states covered in the volume. Carpenteris a member of the Connecticut Public Transportation Commission and of the National RailwayHistorical Society. Index of coaling stationsand formerinstations;indexof interlocking terlockingstations;index of passenger and nonpassenger stations;indexof trackpans;indexof tunnels; and index of viaducts.

Study of Technologyand Managementat EckertResearch MauchlyComputer Company, Engineering and Remington Associates, Rand,1946-1957. History of Computing.Cambridgeand London:MIT Press, 2005. Pp. x, 347. $40.00. ISBN 0-262-14090-X. JEL 2005-1378 in the firstcritical decadeof Explores developments the electronicdigitalcomputerindustry, 1946-56 by focusingon two new firmsestablishedin 1946:Engineering ResearchAssociates,Inc. (ERA)in St. Paul, andEckert-Mauchly Minnesota, Computer Company Shedslighton (EMCC)in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. the interaction between the two companiesandgovernmentandthe institutional contextof technological change. Discussesthe foundingof the ERA;the hison the comtoryof EMCCandof ERA,theirresearch mercial frontier of computer machinery,and their eventualsaleto RemingtonRand.Examines ERAand EMCC as subsidiariesin Remington Rand,the attempt by RemingtonRandto providea salesstrategy for computingsystems,the managementdifficulties faced by the two subsidiaries, and the finalamalgamationof the two divisionsinto the UnivacDivision of SperryRand.Providesa new view of EMCC and ERA and their contributions. Norbergis Directorof the CharlesBabbageInstitutefor the Historyof Information andTechnology, holdsthe ERALand-Grant Chairin History of Technology, in the andis Professor in History of ScienceandTechnology andthe Program of Departmentof ComputerScienceatthe University Minnesota.Index.
N9 REGIONAL AND URBAN HISTORY

HAROLD L. Shock Cities: The Environmental PLATT, Transformationand Reform of Manchester and Chicago. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 2005. Pp. xvi, 628. $49.00. ISBN 0-226-67076-7. JEL 2005-1379 Examinesthe terribleenvironmental problemsassociated with industrialization in Manchesterand Chicagoandhow each city respondedto the paradox of progress.Uncoversthe originsof settlementpatterns in Manchester, exposingthe linkagesbetween and and considersthe human environment, energy and environmentalcosts associatedwith the transformationof urbanspace by the mid-1800s.Examines the template of land use in Chicago,whichwas built on swampyground,andhow these landuse patterns came about. Examines the history of urban water managementin Chicagoand Manchester, encompassingflood control, clean water supply,and sewageremoval.Presentsa case studyof the Schoenhofen Breweryin Chicagoandthe technologicaland scientific transformation of beer making,shedding

See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1247, 2005-1285, 2005-1375, 2005-1436

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Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

1139

sourcesof the pollutionof the lighton the underlying city'sair,water,and land, and the waysin which both organicand mechanicalforms of powerwere essential to the rise of moderncities. Providesinsightinto the social constructionof industrialtechnology by comparingthe relationshipbetween beer drinkers and brewerymanagersin the United States and the United Kingdomand assessingthe influence of consumerdemandandpopulartaste on the city'senergy system. Discusses public health, and the politics of environmentalreform in Manchesterand Chicago during the Progressive Era. Studies the environmental justice movement in Manchester and in the reformof watermanagement, Chicago.Examines and science sanitary sanitaryreform, and the campaign for clean air in Manchesterand Chicagoduring the ProgressiveEra. Plattis Professorof History at LoyolaUniversity.Index. See also: Book numbersJEL 2005-1372, 2005-1379

the Reserve Bank of India. Taraporeis the Deputy Governorof the Reserve Bankof India. Index. The Case ed. InstitutionalReforms: ALBERTO, ALESINA, of Colombia. Cambridgeand London: MIT Press, 2005. Pp. x, 373. $35.00. ISBN 0-262-51182-7. JEL 2005-1381 Nine papers analyze the institutional problems facing Colombia today, considering both political and economic institutions, and discuss a possible roadto reform.Papersfocus on the recent economic history of Colombia;an assessment of the institutional separation of political powers in Colombia; Colombia'selectoral and party system and possible paths for reform;crime in Colombia and what can be done about it; decentralizationin Colombia;the Colombianbudgetary process;educationalreformin Colombia;public spending on social protection in Colombia; and central bank reform. Alesina is Nathaniel Ropes Professorof Political Economy at HarvardUniversity.Index. Microfinance.Cambridge and London: MIT Press, 2005. Pp. xiv, 346. $45.00. ISBN 0-262-01216-2. JEL 2005-1382 Providesa criticalguide to new ideas concerning microfinance,describing the innovationsthat have created the microfinancemovement, clarifyingpuzzles and debates surrounding microfinance,and corDescribestwo rectingthe mythsaboutmicrofinance. simple ideas that have inspired the microfinance movement: that poor households can profit from greater access to banks, and that institutions can profit while serving poor customers. Explainswhy designed interventionsin credit marappropriately kets can often help, why andwhen microfinance may work, and why and when microfinancemay fail to achieve its promise. Explorestwo informalfinancial mechanisms: rotatingsavingsandcredit associations; and credit cooperatives. Discusses the group-lending methodology in theory and practice, describes some tensions and imperfections in the approach, and examines alternativelending mechanisms.Adof savingand insurancein the dresses the facilitation context of microfinance. Considers why most microfinanceborrowersare women, whether it makes sense to target microfinance programs at women, and how microfinance might help to promote women's empowerment. Demonstrates the challenges involvedin measuringthe impact of microfiExaminesthe case for subsidiesand nance programs. the arguments of financially sustainable microfinance. Considersthe managementof microfinance, analyzinghow incentive schemes, ownershipstructures, and organizationalforms can affect the performance and impact of microfinanceinstitutions.

Economic Development, Technological Change, and Growth

DEVELOPMENT 01 ECONOMIC

ARMENDARIZ DE AGHION, BEATRIZ AND MORDUCH, JONATHAN. The Economics of

AHLUWALIA,MONTEK S.; REDDY, Y. V. AND TARAPORE,

and MonetaryPolicy:IsS. S., eds. Macroeconomics suesfor a ReformingEconomy. New Delhi: Oxford UniversityPress, 2002. Pp. xviii, 345. Paper. ISBN 019567231-3. JEL 2005-1380 Fourteen papers, assembled as a tribute to of the ReformerGovernor Chakravarti Rangarajan, serve Bank of India, provide a perspective on India'seconomyin the 1980s and 1990s, focusingon macroeconomicpolicy,bankingandinternationalfinance, and monetarypolicy and the financialsector. Papers discuss economic reforms and growth prospectsin India;inflationand growthin the world, 1970-99; the dynamicsof inflationin India;business cycles, internationallinkages, and exchange rates; developmentpolicy;centralbankingin the new milissues in the comand regulatory lennium;analytical and within between investment for petition private developing countries;research and policy developments in money, finance, and the externalsector in India; India'svulnerabilityto external crises; managing India's external economic challenges in the 1990s; transparencyin monetary and financial polices andits role in financial-sector reform;monetary policy, internal debt, and autonomy of the central bank;financialdevelopment,marketreforms,and financial marketintegrationin India;and the role of the debt marketin infrastructure financingin India. of the PlanningComis Deputy Chairman Ahluwalia mission,Governmentof India.Reddyis Governorof

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