Excelhonour Com-Re Grade4 Answer Key

219913070.
doc
Reading Essentials Grade 4 Answer Key
CHAPTER 1 KINGDOMS OF LIFE
Lesson 1 Living Things and Their Needs
Read a Table: Is It a Living Thing?
grow, reproduce, react to changes (p. 3)
Read a Table: Cell Parts
Possible answers: cell wall, chloroplast (p. 5)
Quick Check
1. water, food, place to live (p. 3)
2. cell walls, chloroplasts, chlorophyll (p. 5)
3. cell membranes, nucleus, chromosomes, mitochondria, cytoplasm (p. 5)
4. no cell walls, no chloroplasts, no chlorophyll (p. 5)
5. tissue (p. 6)
6. organ (p. 6)
7. organ system (p. 6)
8. It makes things look bigger. (p. 7)
Lesson 2 Classifying Living Things
Read a Chart: Classifying Organisms
ancient bacteria, bacteria, protists, animals (p. 9)
Read a Diagram: Naming Organisms
Canis (p. 13)
Quick Check
9. A trait is a feature of a living thing. (p. 8)
10. ancient bacteria, bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, animals (p. 9)
11. genus (p. 11)
12. They have cell walls. (p. 12)
13. bacteria (p. 12)
14. its genus and species (p. 13)
Lesson 3 The Plant Kingdom
Read a Diagram: Photosynthesis
sunlight, carbon dioxide (p. 18)
Read a Photo: Plants People Eat
FruitPossible answers: tomatoes, apples, peppers, pumpkins
VegetablePossible answers: potatoes, carrots, turnips (p. 21)
219913070.doc
Quick Check
15. by their parts, by how they make new plants (p. 15)
16. b: Roots (p. 17)
17. a: Stems (p. 17)
18. through stomata on the bottom of the leaves (p. 19)
19. veins (p. 19)
20. light, nutrients, water (p. 20)
21. Possible answers: building materials, furniture, houses, clothes, medicine (p.
21)
Lesson 4 How Seed Plants Reproduce
Read a Photo: Conifer Seeds
the male pinecone (23)
Read a Diagram: Making Bigger Pumpkins
offspring 2 (p. 29)
Read a Photo
adaffodil; bchain plant (p. 31)
Quick Check
22. seed (p. 23)
23. pollen (p. 23)
24. Possible answers: moving pollen, pollination (p. 25)
25. pollination (p. 27)
26. Possible answers: color, size, shape (p. 28)
27. pollinate (p. 29)
28. bulb (p. 31)
29. cutting (p. 31)
30. runner (p. 31)
31. tuber (p. 31)
Chapter 1: Vocabulary Review
Page 32
1. b [organism; top row, starting 1st letter at the left]
2. d [seed; top row, starting 10th letter from the left, at a diagonal]
3. a [cell; 2nd row, starting 5th letter from the left]
4. h [trait; top row, 14th column, starting at the top]
5. c [pollination; 4th row, starting 1st letter at the left]
6. i [kingdom; top row, starting 9th letter from the left, at a diagonal]
7. f [ovary; 3rd row, starting 1st letter at the left]
8. j [photosynthesis; bottom row; starting 1st letter at the left]
219913070.doc
9. e [fertilization; 8th row, starting first letter at the left]
10. g [reproduction; 7th row, starting 2nd letter from the left]
Page 33
1. life cycle
2. spore
3. tissue
4. organism
5. germination
6. organ
7. Possible answer: germination, seedling adult plant, pollination, fertilization, fruit
with seeds, animal eats fruit
Summarize
Possible answer: Living things are grouped by their characteristics. Plants have
structures that carry out certain jobs. In the leaves, plants use sunlight to make
their own food.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 2 THE ANIMAL KINGDOM
Lesson 1 Animals Without Backbones
Read a Photo: Invertebrate Groups
They all are invertebrates. (They have no backbones.) (p. 37)
Read a Photo: Before and After
It turns red. It rolls up into a ball. (p. 39)
Quick Check
1. by symmetry, by backbone or no backbone (p. 37)
2. false; Most mollusks live in water. Snails and slugs live on land. (p. 39)
3. true (p. 39)
4. false; An echinoderm has spiny skin. (p. 39)
5. true (p. 39)
6. hard (p. 40)
7. outside (p. 40)
8. c (p. 43)
9. a (p. 43)
10. b (p. 43)
Lesson 2 Animals with Backbones
Read a Chart: Classes of Vertebrates
cold-blooded (p. 45)
Read a Photo: Amphibians and Reptiles
frog (p. 46)
Quick Check
11. does not (p. 44)
12. changes (p. 44)
13. birds, mammals (p. 45)
14. Possible answer: They spend part of their lives in water. (p. 47)
15. Possible answer: Their skin is covered in scales or plates. (p. 47)
16. Possible answer: Their feathers are light. (p. 47)
17. Females make milk to feed their young. (p. 49)
18. warm-blooded (p. 49)
19. hair (p. 49)
20. water; most other places on Earth (p. 49)
Lesson 3 Systems in Animals
Read a Diagram: Respiratory and Circulatory Systems
219913070.doc
Gills are part of the fishs respiratory system. Lungs are part of the hamsters
respiratory system. (p. 53)
Read a Diagram: The Digestive System
to the intestine (p. 54)
Quick Check
21. b (p. 51)
22. a (p. 51)
23. c (p. 51)
24. true (p. 53)
25. false; the heart is the main organ in the circulatory system. (p. 53)
26. digestive system with one opening (p. 55)
27. digestive system with two openings (p. 55)
28. digestive system with many parts (p. 55)
29. digestive system with many parts (p. 55)
Lesson 4 Animal Life Cycles
Read a Photo: Complete Metamorphosis
A larva hatches from each egg. (p. 59)
Read a Table: Kinds of Reproduction
budding, regeneration (p. 61)
Quick Check
30. chick (p. 57)
31. adult (p. 57)
32. complete metamorphosis (p. 59)
33. heredity (p. 61)
34. fertilization (p. 61)
35. when an animal changes its behavior by interacting with its environment (or
other animals) (p. 63)
38. a set of actions that a living thing is born with (p. 63)
Page 64
Across
2. exoskeleton
4. invertebrate
5. clone
6. muscular system
7. respiratory system
8. nervous system
219913070.doc
9. cold-blooded
Down
1. warm-blooded
3. skeletal system
Page 65
Summarize
Possible answer: All animals are classified as either invertebrate or vertebrate.
Invertebrates are animals without backbones. Vertebrates are animals with
backbones. Animals have body systems to do basic life functions. Animals go
through stages of growth and change during their life cycles.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 3 EXPLORING ECOSYSTEMS
Lesson 1 Introduction to Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: A Pond Ecosystem
Possible answers: The fish live in the water. The duck lives on the land in a nest.
The turtle lives in the water and on land. (p. 69)
Read a Photo: Populations and Communities
Left picture: ferns, parrots; Right picture: bears, grasses (p. 71)
Quick Check
1. c (p. 69)
2. d (p. 69)
3. a (p. 69)
4. b (p. 69)
5. A community is all the populations in an ecosystem. (p. 71)
6. A population is all the members of a species that live in an ecosystem. (p. 71)
Lesson 2 Biomes
Read a Map: Biomes of the World
deciduous forest, grassland (p. 73)
Read a Photo: Tree Orchids
in the understory (p. 75)
Quick Check
7. Possible answer: taiga, grassland, tropical rain forest, tundra, deciduous
forest, desert (p. 73)
8. Possible answer: taiga, grassland, tropical rain forest, tundra, deciduous
forest, desert (p. 73)
9. Decidous Forest: cool to moderate; Tropical Rain Forest: warm (p. 75)
10. Deciduous Forest: fertile; Tropical Rain Forest: poor in nutrients (p. 75)
11. desert (p. 76)
12. Possible answers: freshwater, wetland, estuary, ocean.(p. 77)
Lesson 3 Relationships in Ecosystems
Read a Diagram: Pond Food Chain
sunfish (p. 80)
Read a Diagram: Ocean Food Web
219913070.doc
Possible answer: The whale is a predator of seal, seagulls, and fish. (p. 82)
Quick Check
16. depend on other living things for food and energy (p. 79)
17. break down wastes and remains of other living things (p. 79)
18. algae (p. 81)
19. All of the living things in the food chain will become food for decomposers.
(p. 81)
20. energy pyramid (p. 83)
Page 84
1. grassland
2. biotic factor
3. consumer
4. desert
5. energy pyramid
6. habitat
7. decomposer
Page 85
Across
2. prey
3. producer
4. taiga
5. competition
6. predator
7. tundra
Down
1. ecosystem
3. population
Summarize
Possible answer: Living and nonliving things interact with each other in an
ecosystem. Earth has six major biomes, or large ecosystems. Each biome has its
own kind of plants, animals, weather, and soil. Energy is passed from one living
thing to another in an ecosystem.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 4 SURVIVING IN ECOSYSTEMS
Lesson 1 Animal Adaptations
Read a Photo: Animal Adaptations
fennec fox (p. 89)
Read a Photo: Animal Interactions
The fish eat algae off the turtles shell. (p. 91)
Quick Check
1. adaptations (p. 89)
2. c (p. 91)
3. b (p. 91)
4. a (p. 91)
Lesson 2 Plants and Their Surroundings
Read a Diagram: Tropism Experiment
stems (p. 92)
Read a Photo: Desert Adaptations
waxy cover (p. 93)
Quick Check
5. tropism (p. 92)
6. It has a thick, waxy cover (p. 93)
Lesson 3 Changes in Ecosystems
Read a Photo: Natural Change in Ecosystems
Plants and trees grew. (p. 94)
Read a Photo: Manufactured Ecosystems
They can provide a home for living things. (p. 97)
Quick Check
7. volcanic eruption (p. 95)
8. destroyed coastal wetlands (p. 95)
9. landslide, flood (p. 95)
10. too little rain; drought (p. 95)
11. Possible answers: deforestation, overpopulation, pollution (p. 97)
14. extinct (p. 98)
15. accommodation (p. 98)
219913070.doc
16. endangered (p. 98)
17. endangered (p. 98)
Page 100
1. b
2. c
3. a
4. d
5. d
6. a
Page 101
1. e
2. a
3. b
4. g
5. f
6. d
7. c
Summarize
Possible answer: Animals have adaptations that help them live in their
environments. Plants also adapt and respond to their environments. When an
ecosystem changes, some animals survive, but others die.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 5 SHAPING EARTH
Lesson 1 Earth
Read a Map: Landforms of the United States
1: mountains; 2: canyon; 3: plains; 4: sand dunes (p. 105)
Read a Diagram: From Land to Sea
continental slope (p. 107)
Quick Check
1. d (p. 104)
2. a (p. 104)
3. c (p. 104)
4. b (p. 104)
5. A delta is a landform that is formed where a river meets the ocean. (p. 107)
6. Possible answers: solid, place where landforms are located (p. 109)
7. Possible answers: hot, made of iron, at center of Earth (p. 109)
Lesson 2 The Moving Crust
Read a Diagram: Mountains in the Making
both of them (fault-block and fold mountains) (p. 111)
Read a Diagram: Time Line of Seismic Study
1937 (p. 115)
Quick Check
8. fault (p. 111)
9. fold (p. 111)
10. An earthquake is a sudden shaking of Earths crust caused by movement
along a fault. (p. 113)
11. seismic waves (p. 115)
12. seismograph (p. 115)
13. a place where Earths crust is very thin and volcanoes form (p. 117)
Lesson 3 Weathering and Erosion
Read a Photo: Rivers Shape the Land
the movement of river water (p. 121)
Read a Diagram: A Glacier Deposits Land
at the terminus (p. 123)
Quick Check
219913070.doc
14. weathering that changes the size and shape of rocks without changing what
the rocks are made of (p. 119)
15. weathering that changes rocks by changing what the rocks are made of (p.
119)
16. erosion (p. 121)
17. deposition (p. 121)
18. A glacier is a thick, moving sheet of ice. (p. 123)
19. Possible answers: mining, landfills, cutting down forests (p. 125)
Lesson 4 Changes Caused by the Weather
Read a Photo: Before and After
Possible answer: The fire burned down trees and harmed animals.
Possible answer: The flood covered the plaza so people could not walk there. (p.
127)
Read a Photo: Hurricane Damage
Possible answer: It destroyed houses. (p. 129)
Quick Check
22. After a flood, new soil is put on the land. The nutrients in the soil help plants
grow. (p. 126)
23. Possible answers: lightning; people playing with matches (p. 126)
24. tornado (p. 128)
25. hurricane (p. 128)
26. Possible answers: in places with mountains or hills, in high places where
precipitation has occurred (p. 131)
Page 132
1. e
2. f
3. d
4. a
5. b
6. h
7. c
8. g
9. crust
10. hurricane
Page 133
219913070.doc
Across
2. weathering
6. landslide
7. flood
8. deposition
9. tornado
10. mantle
Down
1. seismic wave
3. volcano
4. outer core
5. mountain
Summarize
Possible answer: Landforms cover Earths crust. Earth is made up of layers.
Earths surface is broken into large plates that move slowly. Many landforms form
at the plate edges. Weathering, erosion, and deposition are slow processes that
shape the land. Floods, fires, and landslides can change the land quickly.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 6 SAVING EARTHS RESOURCES
Lesson 1 Minerals and Rocks
Read a Table: Mohs Hardness Scale
diamond (p. 137)
Read a Diagram: The Rock Cycle
igneous rock (p. 144)
Quick Check
1. the hardness of minerals (p. 137)
2. igneous rocks (p. 139)
3. sedimentary rocks (p. 139)
4. metamorphic rock (p. 141)
5. Possible answers: floors, tiles, buildings (p. 143)
6. Possible answers: bricks, chalk (p. 143)
Lesson 2 Soil
Read a Diagram: Weathering Caused by Living Things
The rabbit moved pieces of sediment and mixed them around to dig the hole.
(p. 144)
Read a Photo: Permeability of Soils
coarse soil (p. 146)
Quick Check
7. soil horizons (layers) (p. 145)
8. Rock (such as bedrock) and humus differ from place to place. (p. 145)
9. spaces between particles of soil (p. 147)
10. how fast water passes through something (p. 147)
11. Possible answers: Topsoil is home to many living things. Topsoil is needed
for growing crops. (p. 149)
12. sandy soil, which is very porous soil (p. 149)
13. medium-textured soils (p. 149)
Lesson 3 Resources from the Past
Read a Diagram: How Coal Forms
The rock layer is pressed into soft coal. (p. 153)
Read a Chart: Sources of Electricity
coal (p. 155)
Quick Check
219913070.doc
14. imprint (p. 150)
15. measuring Earths history in millions and even billions of years (p. 151)
16. an energy source that formed millions of years ago (p. 153)
17. a useful material that cannot be replaced easily (p. 153)
18. False; A renewable resource is a useful material that can be replaced.
(p. 155)
19. True (p. 155)
20. True (p. 155)
Lesson 4 Water
Read a Map: From Lake to Ocean
St. Lawrence River (p. 157)
Read a Diagram: Water Treatment
It goes into the settling basin. (p. 159)
Quick Check
21. False; Ocean water contains salt. (p. 157)
22. True (p. 157)
23. False; Groundwater is stored in cracks and spaces under the ground.
(p. 157)
24. reservoirs, groundwater (p. 159)
25. to kill harmful organisms (p. 159)
26. Possible answers: irrigation, boating, electricity (p. 161)
Lesson 5 Pollution and Conservation
Read a Photo: Contour Plowing
The farmers have used contour plowing, a form of plowing used on sloping lands.
(p. 164)
Read a Photo: The 3 Rs in Action
Recycling (p. 165)
Quick Check
29. Pollution is putting a harmful substance into an environment. (p. 163)
30. Smog makes the air hard to breathe. (p. 163)
31. Possible answer: Litter can pollute the land. (p. 163)
32. conservation (p. 164)
33. reduce; accept all reasonable responses (p. 165)
34. reuse; accept all reasonable responses (p. 165)
35. recycle; accept all reasonable responses (p. 165)
219913070.doc
Page 166
1. a
2. d
3. d
4. c
5. c
6. a
7. b
8. b
Page 167
1. d
2. g
3. a
4. e
5. k
6. h
7. i
8. f
9. b
10. c
11. j
12. reduce, reuse, recycle
Summarize
Possible answer: Rocks are made of minerals. Rocks change and form. Soil is
made of weathered rock and other materials. Soil forms slowly in layers. Fossils
give us clues about Earth's history. Some of our fuels come from fossils. Water
collects on and below Earth's surface. It is stored and used in different ways.
People pollute the land, water, and air. We can protect our resources with
conservation.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 7 WEATHER AND CLIMATE
Lesson 1 Air and Weather
Read a Diagram: Layers of Earths Atmosphere
troposphere (p. 171)
Read a Photo: Humidity in a Rain Forest
Possible answers: Plants grow well there and you can almost see the water
vapor in the air. (p. 172)
Quick Check
1. nitrogen (p. 171)
2. Possible answers: air temperature, humidity, air pressure, precipitation
(p. 173)
(p. 173)
(p. 173)
(p. 173)
6. e (p. 175)
7. f (p. 175)
8. b (p. 175)
9. a (p. 175)
10. c (p. 175)
11. d (p. 175)
Lesson 2 The Water Cycle
Read a Diagram: The Water Cycle
condensation (p. 179)
Read a Diagram: Many Types of Clouds
cirrocumulus (p. 181)
Quick Check
12. evaporation (p. 177)
13. condensation (p. 177)
14. precipitation (p. 177)
15. water cycle (p. 179)
16. a (p. 181)
17. freeze (p. 183)
Lesson 3 Tracking the Weather
219913070.doc
Read a Diagram: Different Fronts
above the cold air mass (p. 185)
Read a Map: U.S. Weather map
sunny, 70s (p. 186)
Quick Check
18. warm front (p. 185)
19. cold front (p. 185)
20. stationary front (p. 185)
21. Possible answers: air temperature, air pressure, precipitation, wind, the
locations of fronts (p. 187)
22. stay away from water and trees (p. 189)
23. head for a sturdy shelter (p. 189)
24. move inland (p. 189)
Lesson 4 Climate
Read a Map: Ocean Currents
warm currents (p. 192)
Read a Photo: The Mountain Effect
at the top or peak (p. 194)
Quick Check
25. the average weather pattern of a region over time (p. 191)
26. True (p. 193)
27. False; Climates near the equator are warm and rainy. (p. 193)
28. False; Water heats more slowly than land. (p. 193)
29. The air cools. Water vapor in the air condenses. Clouds form. Precipitation
forms and falls. (p. 195)
Page 196
1. temperature
2. air pressure
3. thermometer
4. evaporation
5. water vapor
6. atmosphere
7. cold front
Page 197
1. j
219913070.doc
2. d
3. b
4. i
5. g
6. a
7. c
8. f
9. h
10. e
Summarize
Possible answer: Scientists measure properties in Earths atmosphere to tell
about weather. The water cycle shows how water changes between Earth and
the air. We can predict weather by looking at air masses and fronts. Climate is a
pattern of weather in a place.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 8 THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND BEYOND
Lesson 1 Earth and Sun
Read a Diagram: Earths Rotation
the direction Earth rotates (p. 200)
Read a Diagram: Earths Revolution
Winter (p. 203)
Quick Check
1. Night begins. (p. 201)
2. A part of Earth faces the Sun. (p. 201)
3. A shadow forms. (p. 201)
4. revolution (p. 203)
5. orbit (p. 203)
6. a (p. 205)
7. b (p. 205)
Lesson 2 Earth and Moon
Read a Diagram: Phases of the Moon
waxing gibbous moon (p. 209)
Read a Diagram: Two Kinds of Eclipses
between Earth and the Sun (p. 210)
Quick Check
8. a hollow area or pit in the ground (p. 207)
9. Moon (p. 208)
10. orbit (p. 208)
11. phases (p. 208)
12. full moon (p. 208)
13. on the Moon (p. 211)
14. on Earth (p. 211)
Lesson 3 The Solar System
Read a Diagram: The Solar System
Neptune (p. 213)
Read a Photo: New and Old Telescopes
Possible answers: size; technology; shape; one uses light, the other uses radio
waves (p. 214)
Quick Check
219913070.doc
15. a round object in space that is a satellite of the Sun (p. 213)
16. a force of attraction between all objects (p. 213)
17. Possible answers: satellites, probes, space shuttles, rockets, space station,
telescopes (p. 215)
telescopes (p. 215)
telescopes (p. 215)
20. Mercury (p. 217)
21. Venus (p. 217)
22. Earth (p. 217)
23. Mars (p. 217)
24. Neptune (p. 219)
25. Saturn (p. 219)
26. Uranus (p. 219)
27. Jupiter (p. 219)
28. Possible answers: meteoroid, comet, asteroids
Lesson 4 Stars and Constellations
Read a Diagram: Nearest Stars to Earth
9.5 (p. 222)
Read a Diagram: Constellations
Pisces, Aquila (p. 224)
Quick Check
31. True (p. 223)
32. False; Galaxies are large groups of stars. (p. 223)
33. a group of stars that seem to make a pattern or picture in the sky (p. 225)
34. Possible answer: to know when to plant crops (p. 225)
35. True (p. 227)
36. False; You do need to use sunscreen on a cloudy day because the Sun can
give you a sunburn on a cloudy day. (p. 227)
37. True (p. 227)
Page 228
Across
1. crater
3. revolution
4. rotation
219913070.doc
5. lunar eclipse
8. planet
Down
1. constellation
2. solar eclipse
6. axis
7. star
Page 229
1. telescope
2. gravity
3. constellation
4. comet
5. phase
6. planet
7. rotation
8. solar system
Summarize
Possible answer: Earths movement through space causes day, night, and the
seasons. As the Moon revolves around Earth, we see its phases. The Sun is the
center of the solar system. Planets, moons, and other objects orbit the Sun. Stars
are spheres of hot gases that give off light and heat energy. The Sun is a star.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 9 PROPERTIES OF MATTER
Lesson 1 Describing Matter
Read a Photo: Comparing Masses
The rock has more mass because that side of the balance is lower. (p. 232)
Read a Photo: Uses of Matter
objects made by people; objects in nature (p. 235)
Quick Check
1. mass (p. 233)
2. matter (p. 233)
3. property (p. 233)
4. juice
5. air
6. log
7. True
8. True
9. True
10. False
Lesson 2 Measurement
Read a Table: Metric Units
A kilometer is longer than a meter. (p. 236)
Read a Diagram: Density
The air particles inside the balloon are farther apart. Also, the balloon is floating
in the air. (p. 238)
Quick Check
11. a (p. 237)
12. c (p. 237)
13. b (p. 237)
14. true (p. 239)
15. true (p. 239)
16. false (p. 239)
17. A rock will weigh less on the moon because the Moon has a weaker pull of
gravity. (p. 241)
Lesson 3 Classifying Matter
Read a Table: Periodic Table of the Elements
There are more metals on the periodic table. (p. 245)
219913070.doc
Read a Diagram: Properties of Elements
Sodium will react with nonmetals because it is in the same column as potassium.
Elements in this column react with nonmetals. (p. 247)
Quick Check
18. metal (p. 243)
19. nonmetal (p. 243)
20. metalloid (p. 243)
26. metal (p. 245)
27. iron (Fe), cobalt, (Co), nickel (Ni) (p. 247)
28. They are in the same row. (p. 247)
Page 248
1. b
2. a
3. c
4. b
5. a
6. c
7. d
8. d
Page 249
1. matter
2. element
3. periodic table
4. mass
5. length
6. metal
Summarize
Possible answer: Anything that has mass and takes up space is matter. Matter
can be described by properties such as mass, volume, and state. Matter can be
measured. All matter is made of elements. The elements are organized in a
periodic table.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 10 MATTER AND ITS CHANGES
Lesson 1 How Matter Can Change
Read a Diagram: How Water Changes State
The particles move faster because energy is added. (p. 255)
Read a Diagram: Reaction of Iron and Sulfur
heat from the rod (p. 257)
Quick Check
1. a physical change in the clays shape (p. 253)
2. a change in state from a solid to a liquid (p. 253)
3. liquid (p. 255)
4. gas (p. 255)
5. liquid (p. 255)
6. 8. Chemical Changes: toasting a marshmallow, rusting iron, fizzing bubbles
(p. 257)
9. 11. Physical Changes: cutting paper, melting ice, bending clay (p. 257)
12. Chemical changePossible answer: Bread dough is baked in an oven. It
turns hard and crusty. (p. 259)
Physical changePossible answer: Bread dough can be pushed, pulled,
stretched, and shaped into rolls. (p. 259)
Lesson 2 Mixtures
Read a Photo: Kinds of Mixtures
solids and a liquid (p. 260)
Read a Photo: Natural Settling
Settling (p. 262)
Quick Check
13. true (p. 261)
14. true (p. 261)
15. false (p. 261)
16. magnet (p. 262)
17. filter (p. 262)
18. distillation, evaporation (p. 263)
Lesson 3 Compounds
Read a Diagram: Combining Elements
hydrogen and oxygen (p. 265)
Read a Diagram: Acids and Bases
219913070.doc
lemons (p. 267)
Quick Check
19. chemically (p. 264)
20. no (p. 264)
21. It turns red. (p. 267)
22. It turns blue. (p. 267)
Page 268
1. c
2. a
3. b
4. d
5. c
6. d
7. b
8. c
Page 269
1. change of state
2. chemical
3. mixture
4. solution
5. compound
6. A change of state is a physical change because the matter does not change its
chemical properties. Water remains water whether it is in a solid, liquid, or gas
state.
Summarize
Possible answer: Physical changes start and end with the same kind of matter. A
change of state is a physical change. A chemical change forms a new kind of
matter. Matter can be physically combined into mixtures and solutions.
Compounds are formed by chemical changes between two or more elements.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 11 FORCES
Lesson 1 Motion and Forces
Read a Photo: Acceleration
Yes, the skaters are accelerating because any change in direction is
acceleration. (p. 274)
Read a Diagram: The Effect of Gravity
Gravity (p. 277)
Quick Check
1. speed (p. 273)
2. position (p. 273)
3. direction (p. 273)
4. The surface of the table rubs against the surface of the ball. This rubbing
slows the ball and can stop the balls motion. (p. 275)
5. false (p. 277)
6. true (p. 277)
7. false (p. 277)
8. true (p. 277)
Lesson 2 Changing Motion
Read a Diagram: Newtons of Force
20 N (p. 279)
Read a Diagram: Force and Acceleration
The same amount of force is applied in both drawings. (p. 280)
Quick Check
9. Balanced Force (p. 279)
10. Unbalanced Force (p. 279)
11. Unbalanced Force (p. 279)
12. Balanced Force (p. 279)
13. increases (p. 281)
14. decreases (p. 281)
15. more (p. 281)
16. true (p. 283)
17. true (p. 283)
18. false (p. 283)
Lesson 3 Work and Energy
Read a Diagram: Forces at Work
Gravity (p. 285)
219913070.doc
Read a Diagram: Transforming Energy

Solar panels transform light energy into electrical energy. Lamps transform
electrical energy into light energy. (p. 289)
Quick Check
19. Potential energy is the future ability to do work. Kinetic energy is the energy
of motion.
20. nuclear energy (p. 287)
21. thermal energy (p. 287)
22. mechanical energy (p. 287)
23. light energy (p. 287)
24. electrical energy (p. 287)
25. chemical energy (p. 287)
26. transforms (p. 289)
28. transfers (p. 289)
Lesson 4 Simple Machines
Read a Diagram: Types of Pulleys
the fixed pulley (p. 293)
Read a Photo: Three Simple Machines
They all have inclined planes. (p. 294)
Quick Check
28. false (p. 291)
29. true (p. 291)
30. true (p. 291)
31. false (p. 291)
32. wheel and axle (p. 293)
33. pulley (p. 293)
34. movable (p. 293)
35. wedge (p. 294)
37. inclined plane (p. 294)
37. lever, wheel and axle, screw (p. 295)
Page 296
1. force
2. gravity
3. energy
4. machine
5. speed
219913070.doc
6. work
Page 297
1. d
2. b
3. a
4. c
5. a
6. d
Summarize
Possible answer: Motion occurs when an object changes its position. Many
forces, such as friction and gravity, can change motion. Unbalanced forces cause
a change in motion. Work is done when a force is used to move an object a
certain distance. Energy is the ability to do work. Simple machines help us to do
work.
219913070.doc
CHAPTER 12 ENERGY
Lesson 1 Heat
Read a Photo: Measuring Temperature
No, the water will not freeze because water freezes at 0C and 32F. (p. 301)
Read a Diagram: Heat Transfer
Warmer particles rise to the top. (p. 302)
Quick Check
1. begin to slow down (p. 301)
2. begin to speed up (p. 301)
3. conduction (p. 303)
4. convection (p. 303)
5. radiation (p. 303)
6. faster (p. 305)
7. expands (p. 305)
8. shrinks (p. 305)
9. burn (p. 305)
10. heat (p. 305)
Lesson 2 Sound
Read a Diagram: Sound Speeds
Sound travels faster in iron. (p. 308)
Read a Diagram: Comparing Sound Waves
the wave with the high amplitude (second from the top) (p. 310)
Quick Check
11. vibration (p. 307)
12. sound wave (p. 307)
13. Dolphins use echoes to find prey. Fish and other objects reflect the sound
waves made by dolphins. (p. 309)
14. wavelength (p. 310)
15. frequency (p. 310)
16. false (p. 311)
17. false (p. 311)
18. true (p. 311)
Lesson 3 Light
Read a Diagram: Wavelengths of Light
green (p. 313)
219913070.doc
Read a Diagram: How the Eye Works
the cornea (p. 315)
Quick Check
19. gamma (p. 313)
20. visible spectrum (p. 313)
21. Glasses that help you see far away are made with concave lenses. (p. 315)
22. Reading glasses make objects seem bigger because they are made with
convex lenses. (p. 315)
23. Refraction happens when light rays are bent. (p. 315)
24. green light (p. 316)
25. transparent (p. 317)
26. translucent (p. 317)
27. opaque (p. 317)
Lesson 4 Electricity
Read a Diagram: Open and Closed Circuits
The circuit is closed. (p. 321)
Read a Diagram: Series and Parallel Circuits
a parallel circuit (p. 323)
Quick Check
28. Rubbing the balloon with a wool cloth causes a buildup of negative charges.
(p. 319)
29. Balloon 3 has a negative charge. (p. 319)
30. Balloon 4 is neutral. (p. 319)
31. Balloons 2 and 3 have static electricity. (p. 319)
32. circuit (p. 321)
33. current electricity (p. 321)
34. because when one light is turned off, other lights and appliances can stay on
(p. 323)
35. false (p. 325)
36. true (p. 325)
37. true (p. 325)
Lesson 5 Magnetism and Electricity
Read a Diagram: How an Electric Motor Works
The magnetic force causes the loop and shaft to spin. (p. 329)
Read a Diagram: How a Generator Works
the turbine (p. 331)
Quick Check
219913070.doc
38. attract (p. 326)
39. repel (p. 326)
40. false (p. 327)
41. true (p. 327)
42. true (p. 327)
43. 3 (p. 329)
44. 2 (p. 329)
45. 1 (p. 329)
46. A generator changes mechanical energy into electrical energy. A motor
changes electrical energy into mechanical energy. (p. 331)
47. power plant (p. 333)
48. step-down (p. 333)
49. power lines (p. 333)
Page 334
1. b
2. a
3. a
4. c
5. b
6. d
7. b
8. c
Page 335
1. heat
2. echo
3. pitch
4. reflection
5. circuit
6. radiation
7. wavelength
8. sound wave
Summarize
Possible answer: Heat flows from warmer to cooler objects. Heat is transferred
by conduction, convection, and radiation. All sounds begin with a vibration.
Sound travels in waves. Light is made up of waves with different wavelengths.
Light waves travel in a straight line. Static electricity is a buildup of charges.
Current electricity flows through a circuit. Magnets can attract and repel.
Electromagnets use electric current.

Excelhonour Com-Re Grade4 Answer Key

Cargado por

Información del documento

Título original

Derechos de autor

Formatos disponibles

Compartir este documento

Compartir o incrustar documentos

Opciones para compartir

¿Le pareció útil este documento?

¿Este contenido es inapropiado?

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

Excelhonour Com-Re Grade4 Answer Key

Cargado por

Copyright:

Formatos disponibles

219913070.

Read a Diagram: Transforming Energy

También podría gustarte