Lecture 1 Introduction to the Course Contents

GIS in Water Resources Fall 2011

Welcome to CE G0800
Course Webpage

http://daisy/ccny.cuny.edu/~michael => courses

Welcome to CE G0800
Course Webpage: Projects HWs Standings Syllabus Rules & Regs Readings

Welcome to CE G0800
Projects: What I expect How I grade Suggestions File Sharing

Welcome to CE G0800
First line of business: Get yourself an inYourClass account and sign up for (or join) the link for this class. We will use this tool for communicating and posting projects and PPTx for everybody to see and use. This is an integral part of the course philosophy.

http://www.inyourclass.com/default.aspx

Welcome to CE G0800

Join CE G0800 GIS in Watr Res

Goto Classes, then browse for Department, and join CE G0800; passwd: redmond

ArcGIS
How do you get access to ArcInfo 10.0? 1. Alternative - go to Steinman 424 the GIS/RS Lab - we recently upgraded the machines - please check if you need a code 2. Alternative - install a one-year free license on your computer - you need about 5 GigaByte worth of space - for instructions: check out the course page - in you need one see me for a license key 3. Caveat! Do NOT use this installation for commercial purposes!

Course Overview
Course Objectives:
Plot a map of a hydrologic region including measurement sites and associate it with timeseries of data measured at those locations; Develop a Hydrologic Information System that links time series of water observations to locations where the measurements are made; Create a base map of a study region including watersheds, streams, and aquifers by selecting features from regional maps; Interpolate measured data at points to form raster surfaces over a region, and spatially average those surfaces over polygons of interest; Do hydrologic calculations using map algebra on raster grids and build a geometric network for streams and rivers; Analyze a digital elevation model of land surface terrain to derive watersheds and stream networks; Use remote sensing information in ArcGIS

Course Overview
Project:
Key to this class!! Show me what you learned and how you applied it to a problem of your choosing. Sophistication, coolness factor , and ability to expand of what you learned by adding other things to it will determine outcome. Can you think independently and develop solutions to problems while learning autoditactically? You need to write a report (70% content, 30% presentation) You need to present in class to your fellow students You need to evaluate your fellow students (and be evaluated for it) For a total of worth 26% worth 10% worth 4%

40% of your final grade. You better be good!

Course Overview
Grading:
Final Exam Homeworks Project Report Project Presentation 35% 25% 30% The final exam will be a take home exam that will be handed out during the last class and be due one week later. The homeworks are due either 1 or 2 weeks after they have been assigned. No late HW! By end of September you need to submit a proposal for the term project. This is mandatory! No proposal no class. These will be scheduled during the last two class sessions and be organized by the students.

10%

Course Overview
Rules:
Homework problems are due on the date shown on the hand out. Late submissions will be subject to penalties. Also, there will be no make up exam in this class or the use of incomplete grades resulting from missing out on submitting one or several of the grade building components. All problem sets are to be completed on your own, except stated otherwise. You are allowed to consult with other students in the current class during the conceptualization of a problem but all written work whether in scrap or final form is to be generated by yours truly alone. You are strongly discouraged to discuss the problems with previous class members, nor anyone else who has significant knowledge of the details of the problem set. I will not take attendance for this class as I assume that you are mature enough to make your own decisions as to whether class presence is an important learning environment for you or not. I do reserve the right to change the schedule and also the HW assignments with sufficient prior notice to you.

GIS in Water Resources

In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Six Basic Course Elements

Lectures
Powerpoint slides (Video streaming)

Term Project
Oral presentation HTML report

Readings
Arc Hydro: GIS in Water Resources and other materials

Class Interaction
Email Discussion

Homework
Computer exercises Hand exercises

Examinations
Midterm, final

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Geographic Data Model

Conceptual Model a set of concepts that describe a subject and allow reasoning about it Mathematical Model a conceptual model expressed in symbols and equations Data Model a conceptual model expressed in a data structure (e.g. ascii files, Excel tables, ..) Geographic Data Model a conceptual model for describing and reasoning about the world expressed in a GIS database

Data Model based on Inventory of data layers

Spatial Data: Vector format

Vector data are defined spatially: Point - a pair of x and y coordinates (x1,y1)

vertex Line - a sequence of points Node Polygon - a closed set of lines

Themes or Data Layers

Vector data: point, line or polygon features

Kissimmee watershed, Florida

Themes

Attributes of a Selected Feature

Raster and Vector Data

Raster data are described by a cell grid, one value per cell

Vector Point Line

Raster

Zone of cells

Polygon

Santa Barbara, California

http://srtm.usgs.gov/srtmimagegallery/index.html

How do we combine these data?

Digital Elevation Models

Watersheds

Streams

Waterbodies

An integrated raster-vector database

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Linking Geographic Information Systems and Water Resources

GIS

Water Resources

Point Water Observations Time Series

Apoint locationinspace

Aseries ofvaluesintime

ThisSystemIntegrates ManyTypesofWaterObservationsData
Water quantity Rainfall Soil water

Water quality

Meteorology

Groundwater

A Key Challenge
How to connect water environment with water observations

GIS Water Environment (Watersheds, streams, gages, sampling points)

Time Series Data Water Observations (Flow, water level concentration)

CUAHSI Member Institutions

139MembersasofAugust2012

Hydrologic Information System Goals

Data Access providing better access to a large volume of high quality hydrologic data; Hydrologic Observatories storing and synthesizing hydrologic data for a region; Hydrologic Science providing a stronger hydrologic information infrastructure; Hydrologic Education bringing more hydrologic data into the classroom.

This is Enabled by WaterML

A Web Language for Water Observations Data
GetValues Response in WaterML

. . .Adopted by USGS, and other agencies for Publishing Some of their Data

The CUAHSI Data Catalog Integrates

Multi Source Water Data Services
Map Integrating NWIS, STORET, & Climatic Sites 47services 15,000variables 1.8millionsites 9millionseries 4.3billiondata Values

. . . The Worlds Largest Water Data Catalog

Three Basic Internet Components: Catalog, Server, User Linked by HTML

Catalog

HTML Server User

CUAHSI HIS Components Linked by WaterML

Catalog

WaterML Server User

Organize Water Data Into Themes

Integrating Water Data Services From Multiple Agencies

. . . Across Groups of Organizations

Bringing Water Into GIS

Thematic Maps of Water Observations as GIS Layers

Groundwater Streamflow Salinity

Unified access to water data in Texas .

Arc Hydro: GIS for Water Resources

Published in 2002, now in revision for Arc Hydro II Arc Hydro An ArcGIS data model for water resources Arc Hydro toolset for implementation Framework for linking hydrologic simulation models

The Arc Hydro data models and application tools are in the public Domain.

GIS for Water Resources

ESRI has site for Natural Resources -> Water Resources

Arc Hydro Hydrography

The blue lines on maps

Arc Hydro Hydrology

The movement of water through the hydrologic system

Integrating Data Inventory using a Behavioral Model

Relationships between objects linked by tracing path of water movement

Arc Hydro Components

Drainage System

Hydro Network

Flow

Time

Time Series

Hydrography

Channel System

Hydrologic Information System

Analysis, Modeling, Decision Making

Arc Hydro Geodatabase

A synthesis of geospatial and temporal data supporting hydrologic analysis and modeling

Appeared in 2011

GIS in Water Resources: Lecture 1

In-class and distance learning Geospatial database of hydrologic features GIS and HIS Curved earth and a flat map

Origin of Geographic Coordinates

Equator (0,0) Prime Meridian

Latitude and Longitude

Longitude line (Meridian)
N W S E

Range: 180W - 0 - 180E Latitude line (Parallel)

N W S E

(0N, 0E) Range: 90S - 0 - 90N Equator, Prime Meridian

Royal Observatory, Greenwich

Latitude and Longitude in North America

40 50 59 96 45 0 New York City: (4042' 51" N, 74023" W) Logan: (4144' 24" N, 11150' 9" W) Lincoln: (4050' 59" N, 9645' 0" W)

90 W

Latitude and Longitude in North America

So what is what? Each degree = 40,000km /360 = 111.11km

at equator! Less when moving towards N and S-pole 90 W Each Minute = 111.11/60 1 Nautic Mile = 1.852km Each Second = 1.852/60 = 0.0309km = 30.9m

Map Projection
Flat Map
Cartesian coordinates: x,y (Easting & Northing)

Geographic coordinates: , (Latitude & Longitude)

Curved Earth

Earth to Globe to Map

Map Scale: Representative Fraction = Globe distance Earth distance (e.g. 1:24,000)

Map Projection: Scale Factor = Map distance Globe distance (e.g. 0.9996)

Coordinate Systems
A planar coordinate system is defined by a pair of orthogonal (x,y) axes drawn through an origin Y

Origin (o,o) (xo,yo)

Summary (1)
GIS in Water Resources is about empowerment through use of information technology helping you to understand the world around you and to investigate problems of interest to you This is an open class in every sense where we learn from one another as well as from the instructors

Summary (2)
GIS offers a structured information model for working with geospatial data that describe the water environment (watersheds, streams, lakes, land use, .) Water resources also needs observations and modeling to describe the water (discharge, water quality, water level, precipitation)

Summary (3)
A Hydrologic Information System depends on water web services and integrates spatial and temporal water resources data Geography brings things together through georeferencing on the earths surface Understanding geolocation on the earth and working with geospatial coordinate systems is fundamental to this field