Name: ______________________________________________

Course & Year: ________________

Gastroenterology and Endocrinology

_____1. A 23-year-old woman presents to clinic complaining of months of weight gain, fatigue, amenorrhea, and worsening acne. She cannot identify when her symptoms began precisely, but she reports that without a change in her diet she has noted a 12.3-kg weight gain over the past 6 months. She has been amenorrheic for several months. On examination she is noted to have truncal obesity with bilateral purplish striae across both flanks. Cushings syndrome is suspected. Which of the following statements indicate that the patient needs further teaching about her condition? A. I have this disease because my adrenal cortex release too much corticosteroids. B. I will expect that my blood sugar level will rise as my glucocorticoid level is also affected. C. My adrenal medulla secretes less catecholamines that caused me to have this condition. D. My aldosterone level also increased which significantly increased my blood pressure. _____2. As the primary nurse of the patient, you are expected to provide quality nursing care to your patient. You are caring for a patient with diabetes mellitus. She asked what organ in her body is affected with this type of disease. You are correct to state that the organ involved in diabetes mellitus is which of the following? A. Adrenal glands B. Neurohypophysis C. Adenohypophysis D. Pancreas _____3. The following endocrine glands and organs function as mixed organs since they can have and endocrine and exocrine function. Select all that apply. I. Testes II. Pancreas III. Pineal gland IV. Hypothalamus V. Thyroid gland VI. Ovaries VII. Pituitary gland A. B. C. D. VII, I, II, VI and V VI, II and I II only I, II, III and V _____6. The posterior pituitary gland secretes which of the following hormones? A. Growth hormone B. Vasopressin C. Thyroid stimulating hormone D. LH _____7. What condition occurs if there is hypersecretion of growth hormones after long-bone growth has ended? A. Dwarfism B. Gigantism C. Goiter D. Acromegaly _____8. Which of the following is an autoimmune disorder which decreases the level of thyroid hormones and thyrocalcitonin which causes a decrease in the basal metabolic rate? A. Graves disease B. Hashimotos disease C. Toxic diffuse goiter D. Thyrotoxicosis _____9. A 57-year old man presented in the emergency department with complaints of dehydration and confusion. He has reported excessive thirst and his laboratory results confirmed the presence of diabetes insipidus. You are aware that the main problem in diabetes insipidus is which of the following? A. Increased vasopressin secretion B. Decreased ADH secretion C. High glucose level D. Decreased glucocorticoid level _____10. Which of the following nursing diagnosis would be a priority for a patient with diabetes insipidus? A. Risk for infection B. Fluid volume deficit C. Fluid volume excess D. Risk for injury _____11. Which hormone has an influence on the adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland? A. TSH B. LH C. ACTH D. FSH _____12. Which of the following hormones promote milk ejection in the lactating mother? A. Prolactin B. Luteinizing hormone C. FSH D. Oxytocin _____13. You were discussing the endocrine gland which has two lobes joined by a central mass called an isthmus. One of your classmates recalled that this endocrine gland produces three specific hormones. Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels by stimulating calcium deposit in the bones?

_____4. You know that the anterior pituitary gland is responsible for secreting all of the following, except: A. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) D. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) _____5. Aldosterone, which is produced by the adrenal cortex of the adrenal glands is responsible for which of the following functions? A. Regulate water and electrolyte balance in the extracellular fluid B. Regulates reabsorption of potassium ions in the kidney tubules C. Excretes water and sodium ions in the urine D. Reabsorbs potassium and sodium ions in the kidneys

A. B. C. D.

Thyrocalcitonin Parathormone Glucagon Insulin

D. Sucrose _____22. It colon? A. B. C. D. usually takes how long for food to enter the 2 or 3 hours after a meal is eaten 4 to 5 hours after a meal is eaten 6 to 7 hours after a meal is eaten 8 to 9 hours after a meal is eaten

_____14. All of the following statements are true, EXCEPT? A. The adrenal cortex produces catecholamine hormones. B. The thymus gland produces a hormone called thymosin for the maturation of certain types of lymphocytes. C. The alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas produces a hormone called glucagon. D. All of the following statements are false. _____15. Which of the following is the target organ of ACTH? A. Pancreas B. Adrenal cortex C. Adrenal medulla D. Gonads _____16. Reflux of food into the esophagus from the stomach is prevented by contraction of the: A. Ampulla of Vater B. Cardiac sphincter C. Ileocecal valve D. Pyloric sphincter _____17. The digestion of starches begin in the mouth with the secretion of the enzyme: A. Lipase B. Pepsin C. Ptyalin D. Trypsin _____18. The stomach, which derives its acidity from hydrochloric acid, has a pH of approximately: A. 1.0 B. 3.5 C. 5.0 D. 7.5 _____19. A patient complains about an inflamed salivary gland below his right ear. You then document a probable inflammation of which gland(s)? A. Buccal B. Parotid C. Sublingual D. Submandibular _____20. An enzyme, secreted by the gallbladder, that is responsible for fat emulsification is: A. Amylase B. Bile C. Maltase D. Steapsin _____21. The major carbohydrate that tissues use for fuel is: A. Fructose B. Galactose C. Glucose

_____23. When completing a nutritional assessment of a patient who is admitted for a gastrointestinal disorder, you must note a recent history of dietary intake. This is based on the knowledge that a portion of digested waste products can remain in the rectum for how many days after a meal is digested? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 _____24. Obstruction of the gastrointestinal tract leads to: A. Increased force of intestinal contraction B. Distention above the point of obstruction C. Pain and a sense of bloating D. All of the above _____25. The substance necessary for the manufacture of bile salts by hepatocytes is: A. Albumin B. Bilirubin C. Cholesterol D. Vitamin D
_____26. The propelling mechanism to push food further the alimentary canal: A. Peristalsis B. Peritoneum C. Periphlebitis D. Epiglottis _____27. It is the outermost layer of the alimentary canal organ walls and consists of a single layer of flat serous fluidproducing cells. A. Serosa B. Mucosa C. Muscularis externa D. Submucosa _____28. The elimination of indigestible residues from the gastrointestinal tract via the anus in the form of feces. A. Absorption B. Deglutition C. Defecation D. Micturition _____29. All but one of the following is not listed as a major nutrient: A. Vitamins B. Proteins C. Lipids D. Carbohydrates _____30. Where does food pass through between the mouth and the stomach? A. The gullet B. The rectum C. The small intestine D. The large intestines