Documentos de Académico
Documentos de Profesional
Documentos de Cultura
Client-Server Applications
Sr no 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Application World wide web Email File transfer Chat Usernet Newsgroup Interactive text oriented commn Network Management System Protocol HTTP SMTP POP FTP Internet Relay Chat Protocol ( IRC ) NNTP ( N/w News xfer Protocol ) Remote login sessions Telnet SNM ( Simple N/w Mgmt. Protocol ) Wide Area Info Servers ( WAIS ) Purpose Hypertext docs, exe programs Allows transmission of text msgs Downloads and uploads Chats forums, messages Running programs remotely Remote and local mngmnt of servers,routers,etc Allows user to share info.
Library
Various Applications
Developments in transmission
Carrying capacity Bandwith Universities-1,544,000-45,000,000 bps Narrow band 14000 to 56000 bps Midband- 128000bps
o Asynchronous Digital subscriber line, Integrated Service Digital Network o QoS
Protocol required for exchange of data TCP/IP is networking protocol of Internet Network interface are assigned IP address TCP/IP o Static o Dynamic (Auto Assigning in a Network)
Interoperable (Multi vendor support) Layered (IP layers) Simple (Each Layer specific function) End-to-End (Application Layer)
Internet Protocol
IPv6
Next generation of IP Current IPv4 run out of IP addresses 4 Billion addresses and over Shift from 32 bit to 128 bit IPv6 Addresses virtually unlimited IP
TCP/IP Architecture
TCP/IP protocol suite has 4 layers Each layer adds a header file to data for the counterpart to decode.
Each layer adds a header for receiving end to decode. Receiving layer decodes header sends to next layer.
Search Engines
First Archie in 1990 Post-1997: Yahoo, Google, MSN, Bing etc. Keyword Searching
o o
Text query & Retrieval using keyword. Pulls out significant pages matching query
Based on subject/theme rather than keyword Examination of nearby words give different context and thus give different results Heart: Blood, pump, attack etc. Heart: Love, candy, valentine etc.
Basic Advanced
SOFTWARE AGENTS :
1. MUNDANE PERSONAL ACTIVITY..Need new ways 2. SEARCH AND RETRIEVAL.Fast Pace 3. REPETITIVE OFFICE ACTIVITYAutomation 4. DECISION SUPPORT.Quick Support 5. DOMAIN EXPERTS.Support for Specialised domain
TYPOLOGY OF AGENTS :
1. MOBILITY
STATIC MOBILE
2. EITHER
DELIBERATIVE REACTIVE
1. COLLABORATIVE AGENTS :
ACT RATIONALLY AND AUTONOMOUSLY CHARACTERISTICS AUTONOMY, RESP. & PROACTIVENESS STATIC, LARGE, COARSE-GRAINED AGENTS BUT DO NOT PERFORM ANY COMPLEX LEARNING. MOTIVATION FOR COLLABORATIVE AGENTS
TOO LARGE PROBLEMS FOR CENTRALIZED SINGLE AGENT TO DO DUE TO RESOURCE LIMITATIONS INTERCONNECTION & INTEROPERATION OF MULTIPLE EXISTING LEGACY SYSTEMS EG. DSS,EXPERT SYSTEMS etc. TO PROVIDE SOLUTIONS WHERE THE EXPERTISE IS DISTRIBUTED E.G. HEALTHCARE PROVISIONING.
2. INTERFACE AGENTS :
INTERFACE AGENTS EMPHASIZE AUTONOMY AND LEARNING IN ORDER TO PERFORM TASKS FOR THEIR OWNER IT IS LIKE PERSONAL ASSISTANT COLLABORATING WITH USER MAY NOT REQUIRE EXPLICIT AGENT COMM. LANGUAGE LEARNING
a. OBSERVING & IMITATING USER b. RECEIVING +/- FEEDBACK FROM USER c. RECEIVING INSTRUCTIONS FROM USER d. ASKING OTHER AGENTS FOR ADVICE..FROM PEERS
3. MOBILE AGENTS :
COMPUTATIONAL SOFTWARE PROCESSES CAPABLE OF ROAMING WANS INTERACT, GATHER INFORMATION. BENEFITS : COMMUNICATION COST
LIMITED RESOURCES EASIER COORDINATION NATURAL DEVLEOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
4. INFORMATION AGENTS :
ALSO CALLED INTERNET AGENTS. CAUSE OF THE DEMAND FOR TOOLS OF EXORBITENT AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION. PERFORM ROLE OF : MANAGING MANIPULATING COLLATING INFORMATION DEFINED AS WHAT THEY DO
SPECIAL CATEGORY OF AGENTS DO NOT POSSESS INTERNAL,SYMBOLIC MODELS RELATIVELY SIMPLE INTERACT WITH OTHER AGENTS IN BASIC WAYS BENEFITS :
HOPE IS THERE FOR THEM TO BE ROBOUST FLEXIBILITY ADAPTIBILITY CAN ADDRESS NON-MONOTONIC REASONING PROBLEM
6. HYBRID AGENTS :
MAX. STRENGTHS & MIN. DEFICIENCIES STRENGTHS OF BOTH DELIBERATIVE & REACTIVE COMBINATION OF 2 OR MORE AGENT PHYLOSOPHIES MOBILE, INTERFACE, COLLABERATIVE
PHYLOSOPHIES
CRITICISMS
TRANSLATES TO AD-HOC OR UNPRINCIPLED DESIGNS THEORY NOT SPECIFIED VERY APPLICATION SPECIFIC
7.HETEROGENOUS AGENTS :
UNLIKE HYBRID-2 OR MORE AGENTS OF DIFFERENT CLASS. MAY CONTAIN 1 OR MORE HYBRID AGENTS KEY REQUIREMENT-AGENT COMMUNICATION LANGUAGE (ACL) BENEFITS :
STANDALONE APPLICATIONS HELPS FOR VAS SOFTWARE LEGACY PROBLEM AMELIORATED AGENT-BASED SOFTWARE ENGINEERING
8. SMART AGENTS :
AUCTION WATCHERS,COMPARISON SHOPPERS, SITE RECOMMENDERS ,PORTFOLIO ASSISTANTS PACE IN EXISTING AND EXPERIMENTAL USAGE. INFORMATION IS BECOMING MORE DIFFICULT FOR MANAGE. INTELLIGENT SOFTWARE AGENTS USED INTERFACE, SOFTBOT AND MAINLY MULTI-AGENTS USED.
COMMERCIALIZATION OF USERS
COMMERCIALIZATION OF ISP
COMPANIES ( Paid )
INDIVIDUALS ( Paid )
USER ISSUES REQUEST REQUEST TRAVERSES AN ISP NETWORK MOVES OVER SEVERAL BACKBONES ACROSS ANOTHER ISP NETWORK COMPUTER CONTAINING INFORMATION
ISPs IN INDIA
ERNet
DEPARTMENT of ELECTRONICS
NICNet
DEPARTMENT of STATISTICS
STPI (Software Technology Parks of India) Software exporters. VSNL (Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) 15 Aug, 1995.
o Gateway Internet Access Service ( gias ). o Public internet access.
CATEGORY A
ENTIRE INDIA
CATEGORY B
20 TELECOM CIRCLES DELHI, MUMBAI, KOLKATA
CATEGORY C
SECONDARY SWITCHING AREAS OF DoT
Company can get any no. of licenses. No limit on no. of licenses to company in a particular area. International connectivity through authorized public/government organizations like DoT, VSNL, Telephony on internet is not permitted.
HTML
Hyper Text Markup Language. Powerful document processing language. Focuses on content of document. Made up of links to other documents/links. Embed tags define how browser will display content.
JavaScript
Object based scripting language authors constructing HTML documents for viewing in NN, IE and other browsers. Examples of using JavaScript:
o o Web page displays proverbs at top of the page. Fortune telling page collects viewer information displays personalized set of predictions.
XML
Extensible Markup Language W3C (World Wide Web Consortium). Platform Text and media to be combined, exchanged & published. Meta language language that describes other languages.
XML DOCUMENT
LOGICAL STRUCTURES
PHYSICAL STRUCTURE
DIVIDES DOCUMENT