S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations of Mani, Marcion and Bardaisan. Transcribed from the Palimpsest B.M. Add. 14 !

" b# the late $. %. M&T$'E((, M.A., $.)., *olume ! +1,!1- pp. i.//ii

AGAINST BARDAISAN'S "DOMNUS." A 0&S$12RSE MA0E B3 T'E B(ESSE0 SA&4T 5P. 16 EP'RA&M A7A&4ST T'E 0&S$12RSE %'&$' &S $A((E0 81) 01M42S,8 %'&$' %AS $1MP1SE0 B3 BAR0A&SA4 A7A&4ST T'E P(AT14&STS. KNOW, O my beloved, that i !"# eve$ythi % it i& $i%ht 'o$ (& to ) o* the !+(&t# Mea&($e o' eve$ythi %. ,o$ by thi& ) o*led%e all -adva ta%e&. a$e 'o( d, +(&t a& ... all i +($ie& a$e /$od(0ed by all a$$o%a 0e. ,o$ *he eve$ *e ) o* ho* to a//$oa0h a ythi % by mea&($e the$e i& othi % that i& able to h($t (&. ,o$ eve tho&e h($t'(l thi %& a$e ot able to h($t (& a& lo % a& *e a//$oa0h them by mea&($e. B(t that tho( maye&t ) o* ho* %$eat i& the vi0to$y o' 0o$$e0t mea&($e, &ee that o*he$e doe& it /(t (& i the *$o % 1 'o$ eve i the 0a&e o' 'i$e, tho(%h it i& a ha$m'(l thi %, *he o($ bodie& -2. 3.. a//$oa0h it by mea&($e a adva ta%e i& /$od(0ed 'o$ (& o(t o' it& ha$m'(l e&&. A d i' *itho(t mea&($e &ta$vi % me ma)e (&e o' 'ood death i& /$od(0ed 'o$ them o(t o' it& !i.e. the 'ood'&# vital 'o$0e. O 0o$$e0t mea&($e, *hi0h /$od(0e& o(t o' h($t'(l thi %& adva ta%e& 'o$ tho&e *ho may be h($t4 ,o$ a& heavy b($de & tea0h *ea) e&& to e50(&e it&el' '$om !li'ti %# a y *ei%ht *hi0h it i& ( able to bea$, &o it *o(ld be $i%ht al&o 'o$ a ( i &t$(0ted ima%i atio to $e'$ai '$om a i ve&ti%atio i *hi0h it i& ( able to &/ea) 0o vi 0i %ly. ,o$ &ome have bee 'o( d *ho a$e *i&e i &omethi % o$ othe$, b(t 6ii have 0ome ea$ to be dete0ted 7i di$e0tio & *he$e they them&elve& a$e ot *i&e. ,o$ thei$ bold e&& ha& made them thi ) that be0a(&e they a$e *i&e i o e di$e0tio , &o al&o they a$e *i&e i all di$e0tio &. B(t a y 0$a't&ma *ho ma)e& a /$omi&e abo(t a y 0$a't *hi0h ha&. ot bee lea$ t by him i& $e/$oved *he he a//$oa0he& the *o$) *hi0h belo %& to that 0$a't. B(t i' a 0$a't i& able to -2.8. $e/$ove him *ho doe& ot ) o* ho* to deal *ith it, i ve&ti%atio i& ot too 'eeble to $e/$ove al&o by it& &ile 0e the i% o$a t ma *ho de&i$e& to a//$oa0h it ! i.e. i ve&ti%atio # a& o e *ho ) o*&. ,o$ *i&e me , /e$'e0t a d $i%hteo(&, have h(mbled them&elve& that they mi%ht be a& tho(%h they *e$e i% o$a t me eve i that *hi0h they ) e*9 ot that they *i&hed to de&t$oy thei$ ) o*led%e, b(t that by ma)i % them&elve& eedy the ,(l e&& *hi0h i& e o(%h to 'ill (/ all o($ eed& mi%ht i 0li e to*a$d& them. I' the$e'o$e &(0h +(&t me a& ) e* *e$e ot a$$o%a t, ho* &hall *e &i '(l o e& be a$$o%a t i &(0h matte$& a& *e do ot ) o* " ,o$ *hoeve$ 0ome& 'o$*a$d h(mbly a& a lea$ e$, that h(mility o' hi& /la0e& him ( de$ the *ea) e&& o' 0o 'e&&i % that he doe& ot ) o* 1 b(t *hoeve$ 0ome& 'o$*a$d *ith a$$o%a 0e a& o e *ho ) o*&, he i& o e *ho ha& e5alted him&el' above !the limit o'# mode$atio , be0a(&e a$$o%a 0e ) o*& ot ho* to be &(b+e0t to mode$atio . ,o$ i' a$$o%a 0e allo*ed it&el' to be &(b+e0t to mode$atio , it *o(ld ot be

a$$o%a 0e at all. ,o$ a$$o%a 0e -2.:. 0a ot be a$$o%a 0e ( le&& it e5alt& it&el' -above its proper measure . . . for a man is not to be blamed (by being asked) why he does not know something which he could not know. -l.7;.. B(t i' he &ay& 'I ) o*,' *he$ea& it i& ) o* that he 0a ot ) o* it, -then his arrogance is really arrogance, because though he does not know. he i& ( *illi % to be h(mble -l.33.. . . . A d i' he tea0he& a othe$. . . . ,o$ he *ho i& h(mble a d lea$ & '$om a tea0he$, he i& able . . . < < < < < < <

-2.= l.3>. Th(& the G$ee)& &/o)e *o$d& o' ) o*led%e a d . . . they &aid al&o va$io(& thi %& that *e$e i -metaphor. a d a& i' i /a$able&, a d the&e *itho(t the t$aditio (of their meaning) o o e -0a . ) o* . . . < < < < < < <

6iii *e !"# blame the &/ea)e$, be0a(&e he i& ot able to ) o* *hat he -/. ?. l.@. &ay&. B(t thi& *hi0h I have me tio ed i& 'o( d i the 0a&e o' %$eat &a%e&, amely that o e 0o 'e&&e& 'I do ot ) o*.' ,o$ thi& i& thei$ %$eat ) o*led%e that *he they do ot ) o* a thi % they 0o 'e&& that they do ot ) o* it. ,o$ that &ame ) o*led%e i& able to a00(&e i% o$a 0e, be0a(&e that i% o$a 0e 0a ot a00(&e it&el'. ,o$ i' a ma 0o 'e&&e& abo(t &omethi % that he ) o*& it a d a%ai abo(t &omethi % el&e that he doe& ot ) o* it, he %ai & a vi0to$y a& abo(t that *hi0h he ) o*&. ,o$ i both the&e 0a&e& he ha& &/o)e the t$(th, a d be0a(&e he doe& ot lie i eithe$ o' them hi& t$(th i& vi0to$io(&, &i 0e it t$i(m/h& a d de'eat& 'a&ehood a d i& 0$o* ed. B(t tho( ) o*e&t that it i& &aid i the boo) !0alled# 'O' Dom (&' that "the 2lato i&t& &ay that the$e a$e &*Amata a d al&o a;&*Amata," that i& to &ay, 0o$/o$eal a d i 0o$/o$eal thi %&. B(t the&e i B(i$ie& do ot belo % to the 2lato i&t&, eve i' they -2. >.. a$e *$itte i the *$iti %& o' the 2lato i&t& 1 b(t they a$e the i B(i$ie& o' the Stoi0& *hi0h Albi (& 3 i t$od(0ed i to hi& boo) *hi0h i& 0alled 'Co 0e$ i % the I 0o$/o$eal,' a00o$di % to the 0(&tom 'ollo*ed by &a%e& a d /hilo&o/he$& *ho i thei$ *$iti %& &et 'o$th 'i$&t the i B(i$ie& o' thei$ o* /a$ty a d the e5e$t them&elve& to $e'(te by thei$ a$%(me t& the i B(i$ie& o' me *ho a$e o//o&ed to thei$ &0hool o' tho(%ht. B(t i the *$iti %& o' the Stoi0& a d the 2lato i&t& thi& too) /la0e, 'o$ the 2lato i&t& &ay that the$e a$e &*Amata a d a;&*Amata, a d the Stoi0& too !&ay# the &ame thi %. B(t they do ot a%$ee i o/i io a& they a%$ee i te$m&. ,o$ the 2lato i&t& &ay that 0o$/o$eal a d i 0o$/o$eal thi %& e5i&t i at($e a d &(b&ta 0e, *he$ea& the Stoi0& &ay that all that e5i&t& i at($e a d &(b&ta 0e i& 0o$/o$eal !lit. i& a body#, b(t that *hi0h doe& ot e5i&t i at($e, tho(%h it i& /e$0eived by the mi d, they 0all i 0o$/o$eal. B(t the 2hilo&o/he$ o' the Sy$ia & !i.e. Ba$dai&a # made him&el' a la(%hi %D&to0) amo % Sy$ia & a d G$ee)&, ot o ly i that he -2. E.. *a& ( able to &tate b(t al&o i that he did ot $eally ) o* the 6iv tea0hi % o' 2lato 1 a d i !hi&# &im/li0ity he ha&te ed to 0al(m iate 2lato by !a&0$ibi % to him# the i B(i$ie& o' othe$&, tho(%h 2lato had a %$eat &t$(%%le a%ai &t the&e !ve$y# i B(i$ie&, *hi0h Ba$dai&a thi )& belo % to 2lato.

B(t the&e i B(i$ie& !*e$e 0o d(0ted# a00o$di % a& the Stoi0& i ve ted ame& 'o$ thi %&, a d be0a(&e they !*e$e e5/$e&&ed# a& i /a$able& . . . < < < < < < <

-l.3:. -as I have said above, Bardaisan accepts (as literal fact) the parables of the Stoics.. < < < < < < <

-l.8E. Whe -a ma &ee&. a 'i$e -b($ i %. i a Tem/le o$ a -2ala0e. the &i%ht -0om/el&. him to be 0o '(&ed, a d he *ill $( i eve$y di$e0tio , be0a(&e he 0a ot e5ti %(i&h that %$eat 'i$e . . . that -2.@. *ea) e&& ha&te & to 0o te d 'o$ %$eat thi %&, a d tho(%h it ) o*& that it& i &i% i'i0a 0e 0a ot /$od(0e 0o vi0tio it i& o lo %e$ able to $emai B(ietF lo, o($ i &i% i'i0a 0e al&o -is stirred up by the hearing of these errors, and though our insignificance knows. that it 0a - ot. /$od(0e 0o vi0tio abo(t the&e thi %&, yet it 0a ot $e'$ai '$om a$%(me t abo(t them. -l.37. B(t &ee . . . "'o$ they have ot the th$ee dime &io & !toG t$i5hH dia&tato #," amely le %th a d b$eadth a d hei%ht, o$ do they -have. 0olo($ !"# 7 " . . . " a d time a d /la0e . . . a d o(tli e a d le %th a d b$eadth a d the -ma$)&. that thi %& a$e ) o* -by.." B(t . . . that a ma &ho(ld &ay 0o 0e$ i % the &( that it i& mo$tal, . . . it i& o a00o( t o' the a//ea$a 0e *hi0h he &ee& i the &( that he &ay& thi& 0o 0e$ i % it 1 'o$ it i& /$od(0ed !lit. bo$ # i the Ia&t a d ... i the So(th . . . a d e5te d& !it& $ay&# a& 'a$ a& the We&t . . . a d 0alled the &( mo$tal, he -2.7;. ha&te & to blame !it# 1 'o$ he *ho blame& i& him&el' blame*o$thy. The 'a0t the$e'o$e that the Stoi0& have 0alled the&e thi %& i 0o$/o$eal I -admit. that I may &ay ho* a d *hy a d *he$e'o$e. -l.7@. . . . b(t they a$e ame& a//lied to !"# 0o$/o$eal thi %& a d &(b&ta 0e&. ,o$ they have be%( by &ayi % 0o 0e$ i % S/a0e, amely !that# thi& S/a0e e5i&t& i ame a d i mea i %, a&.I have &aid 1 'o$ be0a(&e it ha& a ame (lit. by $ea&o o' it& ame# 6v it i& e5/$e&&ed by a &o( d a d be0a(&e it ha& a mea i % it i& /e$0eived by the mi d. A d, be0a(&e it i& /e$0eived by the mi d, i' tho(, O hea$e$, do&t ot hea$ !at all# *ith the mi d tho( 0a &t ot hea$ it. ,o$ 0o &ide$ that it i& a e0e&&a$y $e&(lt that S/a0e &ho(ld both e5i&t a d ot e5i&t. A d i' the&e t*o !/o&&ibilitie&# 0a ot !both# be, S/a0e 0a ot e5i&t a d $e0eive a ame, that i& to &ay, e5i&t i ame, tho(%h it ha& o body o$ &(b&ta 0e. -2. 77. ,o$ all thi %&, *hethe$ they be &(b&ta 0e& o$ bodie&, 0a e5i&t i thi& thi % ! i.e. S/a0e# *hi0h i& i 0o$/o$eal. B(t i' S/a0e li)e*i&e ha& a body a d &(b&ta 0e, it i& 'o( d that it i& ot S/a0e b(t &omethi % *hi0h i& i the mid&t o' S/a0e 1 &o that the t$(th i& 'o( d !to be# that the S/a0e i *hi0h all bodie& e5i&t ha& o body o$ &(b&ta 0e. ,o$ i' it i& a body it i& limited &ome*he$e 1 b(t i' it i& limited it to(0he& (/o &ome body a d i& !the$eby# limited. A d a%ai , *hat i& that thi % i the mid&t o' *hi0h it i& /la0ed, &o that it i& a 0om/a io a d a limite$ 'o$ it (i.e. 'o$ S/a0e# " B(t i' that body i& a im/edime t to it, the al&o a%ai

&omethi % &($$o( d& that body 1 that i& to &ay, that S/a0e *hi0h belo %& to it (i.e. the a'o$e&aid "&omethi % "# 0a ot be &($$o( ded by a ythi %. A d o thi& a00o( t ote 0a$e'(lly *ith thy mi d, ; hea$e$, a d &ee that e0e&&ity 0om/el& !(&# to &ay that that S/a0e *ill ot have a body. 8 ,o$ a& lo % a& *e &ay that S/a0e i& &ome )i d o' body by that !&tateme t# the -2.73. 'o$me$ $ea&o i % 0o ti (e& to be ove$th$o* a d b(ilt (/ !a'$e&h#. A d a%ai let (& t($ ba0) to the t$(th 0o 0e$ i % it, amely to &ay that it ! i.e. S/a0e# i& i 0o$/o$eal a d al&o that o a00o( t o' thi& it i& ot i a /la0e, a& the Stoi0& have &aid. ,o$ that *hi0h 0a d*ell i the mid&t o' a /la0e : i& ot !it&el'# a /la0e, 'o$ o e /la0e 0a ot d*ell i the mid&t o' !a othe$# /la0e 1 a d i' it be ot &o, all tho&e thi %& *hi0h *e$e &aid above have bee 0o '(ted. ,o$ i' o e 0o$/o$eal S/a0e be di&0ove$ed *hi0h ha& &(b&ta 0e a d a othe$ S/a0e be di&0ove$ed *hi0h i& i 0o$/o$eal, the the 0o$/o$eal may d*ell i the mid&t o' the i 0o$/o$eal9thi& i& a thi % *hi0h 0a be &tated i deed, b(t 0a ot be !i $eality#. B(t I ve t($e to &ay ... a& ma y have tho(%ht, eve tho(%h 6vi they *e$e ( able to demo &t$ate !it# i /$a0ti0e. B(t that t*o /la0e& e5i&t !"# i o e a othe$ o e 0a ot eve . . . a&&e$t . . . -2.78. ,o$ be0a(&e a &i %le e tity i& 'o( d . . . < < < < < < <

-l.7>. *hi0h i& al&o a &(b&ta 0e, '$om that &(b&ta 0e the$e i& /$od(0ed i (& a li)e e&& to thi& !&(b&ta 0e# . . . < < < < < < <

*e 0a ot /$od(0e o(t o' a &hado* a othe$ &hado*. No othe$ S/a0e 0a e5i&t be&ide& thi&, tho(%h, be0a(&e o' the heave a d ea$th that 0ame i to bei %, i the mid&t o' the 0$eated thi %& that 0ame i to bei % i &ide the *o$ld di&ti 0tio & have a$i&e that a$e 0alled '2la0e&,' eithe$ -No$th. o$ -We&t..= No* the&e a$e ame& o' la d& o$ habitatio & 1 b(t the 2la0e i the mid&t o' *hi0h the&e /la0e& a$e, that i& *hat *e &ay i& i 0o$/o$eal. -2.7:. Ca it be the$e'o$e that be0a(&e thi& /la0e ha& o &(b&ta 0e it i& ot !$eally# a /la0e " . . . *e a$e ot able to demo &t$ate. Both thi %& the$e'o$e have bee 'o( d to be t$(e, ! amely# that it e5i&t& a d that it doe& ot e5i&t, that i& to &ay, that it e5i&t& i ame a d mea i %, b(t that it doe& ot e5i&t i body a d &(b&ta 0e. A d a thi % *hi0h doe& ot e5i&t i &(b&ta 0e i& a thi % to *hi0h the&e th$ee dime &io & do ot belo %. ,o$ eve$ythi % *hi0h i& a &(b&ta 0e o$ a body ha& th$ee dime &io & !"#. A d o thi& a00o( t al&o they have ot *i&hed -to $e0)o . God Who -i& above all. *ith the thi %& they 0all i 0o$/o$eal, o$ 0a they !do &o#, be0a(&e o' that *hi0h they *e$e &ayi %, that ... i& a body. No* thi& S/a0e al&o ha& eithe$ le %th o$ b$eadth 1 'o$ the&e a$e ame& o' mea&($eme t& !*hi0h belo %# to bodie& -2.7=. that e5i&t i the mid&t o' it. ... it i& e0e&&a$y that the&e th$ee dime &io & !"# &ho(ld be 'o( d !to belo %# to them. B(t +(&t a& that S/a0e i 0l(de& !lit. ha& $e0eived# all bodie&, tho(%h it ha& o body, &o it i 0l(de& all mea&($eme t& tho(%h it 0a ot be &(b+e0t to mea&($eme t. ,o$ &ee that Jei%ht a d De/th al&o a$e !&o# amed o a00o( t o' the heave &. B(t &to$e (/ !"# the&e thi %& i thy mi d, 6vii a d &ee that the$e i& ot a y othe$ body i the middle b(t o ly S/a0e, *hi0h i& i 0o$/o$eal. A d *he tho( ha&t 0o &ide$ed !the matte$# th(&,

0$eate i thy mi d hei%ht a d de/th9a$t tho( able !to do &o# " ,o$ *hi0h o' the di$e0tio & *ilt tho( 0all Jei%ht, a d *hi0h a%ai *ilt tho( ame De/th, &eei % that hei%ht i& 0alled Jei%ht o a00o( t o' the heave & above thee " Whe the$e'o$e the 0a(&e o a00o( t o' *hi0h it ha& bee 0alled Jei%ht i& $emoved it i& 0lea$ that the S/a0e *hi0h $emai & ha& eithe$ hei%ht o$ de/th. A d &o al&o !it may be &aid o'# Ke %th a d B$eadth 9they have a$i&e a d e5i&t th$o(%h 0o$/o$eal 0a(&e&. A d *he tho&e 0a(&e& a$e $emoved it i& 0lea$ that the&e -2. 7?.. ame& li)e*i&e do ot e5i&t. ,o$ !i the 0a&e o'# that S/a0e o' *hi0h *e a$e &/ea)i %, th$o(%h *hat !i.e. i $elatio to *hat# doe& it& hei%ht be0ome hi%h, a d th$o(%h *hat doe& it& le %th be0ome lo %, &eei % that the&e mea&($eme t& belo % to &(b&ta 0e&, &o that *he the e5te t a d dime &io o' a &(b&ta 0e i& lo % it i& 0alled the Ke %th " A d be0a(&e o e &ide i& &ho$te$ i it& mea&($eme t it i& 0alled the B$eadth, *hile al&o !i the 0a&e o'# a Ro( d it i& li)e*i&e 0lea$ 'o$ *hat $ea&o & it i& !0alled# a $o( d. B(t that tho( maye&t ) o* that the Ba$de&a i&t& have ot eve hea$d that 2hilo&o/he$& have . . . &eei % that thi& le %th a d b$eadth i& /la0ed by Ba$dai&a i that mea&($eme t o' S/a0e, *he he &ay& that "S/a0e al&o ha& bee mea&($ed that it hold& &o m(0h ! i.e. a de'i ite B(a tity#." ,o$ i' he &(//o&e& that S/a0e i& mea&($able it i& e0e&&a$y that le %th a d b$eadth al&o &ho(ld belo % !"# to S/a0e, a &tateme t *hi0h I have 0o t$adi0ted above. -Thi&. &ame le %th a d b$eadth the$e'o$e the 2hilo&o/he$& have the$e al&o -/e$ha/&. 0alled i 0o$/o$eal, a d +(&t a& S/a0e i& mea&($ed i vi$t(e o' *hat it i& !"#, &o they $e0)o them !i.e. -/. 7>.. le %th a d b$eadth# i vi$t(e o' *hat they a$e, &o that tho( maye&t ) o* that they al&o a$e thi %& di&ti 0t '$om S/a0e, that i& to &ay, they a$e ame& a d otio &, b(t ot bodie& a d 6viii &(b&ta 0e&. ,o$ tho( mea&($e&t a body *hi0h ha& le %th, b(t le %th it&el', *hi0h i& /$od(0ed by a ame a d i& 0alled Ke %th, tho( 0a &t ot mea&($e !a d# a&0$ibe to it th$ee dime &io &, 'o$ thi& Ke %th i& /$od(0ed by the 0o +( 0tio o' body a d &/ee0h.? ,o$ the body /$od(0ed the mea&($e, a d &/ee0h /$od(0ed thi& ame *hi0h i& 0alled Ke %th. Tho( a$t able the$e'o$e to mea&($e the e5te t a d *idth o' that body, a d *he tho( ha&t mea&($ed !it# tho( %ive&t the ame o' Ke %th to that *hi0h tho( ha&t mea&($ed. B(t tho( 0a &t ot t($ $o( d !a d# mea&($e the ame *hi0h i& 0alled Ke %th, be0a(&e it i& ot a &(b&ta 0e at all1 'o$ it i& a ba$e ame *he$eby the otio o' that *hi0h tho( ha&t mea&($ed i& /e$0eived !by the mi d#. -2. 7E.. Si 0e the thi& ame ha& o &(b&ta 0e, let (& &ay the$e'o$e that it doe& ot e5i&t. A d ho* doe& it ot e5i&t, &eei % that a/a$t '$om thi& ame o 0$eat($e 0a be mea&($ed " The$e'o$e al&o thi& ame *hi0h i& 0alled Ke %th both e5i&t& a d doe& ot e5i&t. A d &o al&o all *o$d& both e5i&t a d do ot e5i&t, b(t they e5i&t !a&# &i% & by mea & o' *hi0h *e ( de$&ta d eve$ythi % LthatM ha& body a d &(b&ta 0e, *he$ea& they !i.e. *o$d&# have o body, a d tho(%h by mea & o' them *e &/ea) abo(t all &(b&ta 0e& they them&elve& have o &(b&ta 0e. ,o$ I &ay that I buy a d I sell1 b(t the thi % *hi0h I b(y o$ &ell i& &ome &(b&ta 0e, *he$ea& the&e ve$b&> a d the o( & 0alled 'b(yi %' a d '&elli %' have o &(b&ta 0e. The$e'o$e &(b&ta 0e& *hi0h a$e bo(%ht o$ &old have the&e th$ee dime &io &, b(t the&e o( & have them ot, 'o$ they a$e i 0o$/o$eal. A d that I may ot *$ite to thee at %$eat

le %th !it i& e o(%h to &ay that# tho( ha&t o'te hea$d thi& *ith $e&/e0t to Time a d N(mbe$ -2. 7@.. a d *ith $e&/e0t to eve$ythi % *hi0h i& i 0o$/o$eal. ,o$ *ith $e%a$d to eve$ythi % *hi0h i& li)e the&e o$ &imila$ to the&e, !*e may &ay that# it& b$a 0he& divide the$e, 'o$ the&e !i.e. Time a d N(mbe$# a$e the $oot& '$om *hi0h all the b$a 0he& &hoot 'o$th. A d tho(%h it *o(ld &(''i0e that tho( &ho(ld&t ) o* all o' them by mea & o' a &i %le o e eve$thele&& they !i.e. /hilo&o/he$&# 6i5 have ab( da tly demo &t$ated the&e thi %& to him *ho &ee)& them, i o$de$ to a&&i&t the *ea) e&& o' the &ee)e$. Jea$ the$e'o$e *ith $e&/e0t to a &i% !&hmeiHo # a d a li e that they too a$e i 0o$/o$eal thi %& !de/e de t# o bodily &(b&ta 0e& *hi0h e5i&t, that i& to &ay, a ho$&e o$ a ea%le o$ o e o' the va$io(& bodie& a d &(b&ta 0e&. Whe &ome o e be%i & to /o$t$ay them . . ., at the !ve$y# 0omme 0eme t, *he tho( &ee&t, tho( ) o*e&t *hethe$ he *i&he& to /o$t$ay a ho$&e o$ a lio , a d be'o$e the a$ti&t /o$t$ay& !a ythi %# o the tablet, the li)e e&& o' the ho$&e i& /o$t$ayed i hi& mi d, a d i' the a$ti&t *i&he& to add !e5t$a# limb& tho( blame&t him by $ea&o o' the &(b&ta 0e o' the ho$&e *hi0h the t$(th 'a&hio &. B(t i' I &ay to thee, "I i te d to d$a* a li e," tho( ) o*e&t ot *hat !li e# I &hall d$a* 'o$ thee 1 'o$ a li e ha& ot a y -2. 3;.. &(b&ta 0e, a& a ho$&e ha& a &(b&ta 0e, &o that i' he !i.e. the a$ti&t# add& o$ &(bt$a0t& tho( 0a &t 0o vi0t him. B(t i' tho( thi )e&t, "Je i& d$a*i % a &t$ai%ht li e," he d$a*& 'o$ him&el' a 0$oo)ed o e 1 a d i' tho( thi )e&t that he i& ma)i % it !to 0o &i&t# o' 'o($ a %le& he 0a ma)e it !to 0o &i&t# o' ei%ht 7 a %le&. ,o$ *he a$ti&t& /o$t$ay the li)e e&&e& o' bodie& *hi0h they /e$0eive they 0a ot add o$ &(bt$a0t a ythi % 1 a d *he they /o$t$ay the li)e e&&e& o' &(b&ta 0e& *hi0h they do ot /e$0eive they /o$t$ay them i thei$ /$o/e$ 0olo($& a d &ha/e&. A d i' he add& i o e o' the &(b&ta 0e& a ythi % *hi0h i& ot i the !t$(e# ima%e o' that &(b&ta 0e, he i& blamed. B(t i the 0a&e o' a li e he add& a d &(bt$a0t& a ythi % that he *i&he&, a d he i& ot blamed, be0a(&e the$e i& o $eal &(b&ta 0e !*hi0h i&# the li)e e&& o' that li e &o that tho( 0o(ld&t blame him. A d be0a(&e it ha& ot &(b&ta 0e it doe& ot e5i&t, a d be0a(&e it doe& ot e5i&t *e have o that a00o( t al&o 0alled it i 0o$/o$eal. B(t Ba$dai&a ha& &aid that eve a li e i& mea&($ed by that body, *hateve$ it be, i *hi0h it i&. Jea$ thi& !*o$d# a& !tho( -2. 37.. ha&t hea$d# that *hi0h I have &aid 0o 0e$ i % S/a0e, i the 0a&e o' *hi0h the te$m& Ke %th a d B$eadth a$e (&ed, ot, ho*eve$, !a& a//lyi %# to it b(t to that *hi0h e5i&t& i S/a0e. ,o$ 0o &ide$ that be'o$e a ho$&e i& /o$t$ayed it i& /i0t($ed i thy mi d, a d tho( ) o*e&t *hat i& it& le %th a d b$eadth. B(t !i the 0a&e 65 o'# a li e, be'o$e it i& 'o$med tho( ) o*e&t ot it& le %th a d b$eadth, be0a(&e it ha& ot le %th a d b$eadth. ,o$ i' they belo %ed to it it *o(ld be ) o* be'o$e it i& 'o$med, a& the le %th a d b$eadth o' all a imal& i& ) o* i o($ mi d be'o$e they a$e /o$t$ayed, e50e/t &(0h a imal& a& a$e i vi&ible to (&, o$ the li)e e&&e& o' a %el&, *ho&e le %th a d b$eadth, *he *e &ee them o 0e, a$e /i0t($ed i o($ mi d a& !i the 0a&e o'# tho&e thi %& *hi0h a$e vi&ible to (&. B(t !i the 0a&e o'# a li e, tho(%h tho( &ee&t it al*ay&, tho( ha&t eve$ yet limited it, a d thi& !i&# be0a(&e, a& I &aid, it ha& o 'bo( d' li)e e&& o$ 'i5ed body !&(0h# that i' the d$a't&ma o' the li e de/a$t& '$om the li)e e&& he 0a be -2.33. blamed. That li e the$e'o$e ha& o le %th o$ b$eadth be'o$e it i& 'o$med o the tablet, i the *ay that eve be'o$e a ma i& bo$ *e ) o* the 'a&hio o' hi& le %th a d b$eadth 1 b(t thi& li e, *hi0h ha& o &(b&ta 0e, *he it i& d$a* ! lit. 'all&# (/o a

tablet o$ (/o !&ome othe$# body the&e th$ee dime &io & a$i&e 'o$ it. B(t they ! i.e. the dime &io &# belo %, ot to it, b(t to that thi % *ith *hi0h it i& a&&o0iated 1 'o$ i' they *e$e it& o* they *o(ld belo % to it eve a/a$t '$om thi& tablet. B(t I &ay to thee b$ie'ly 9 the$e a$e the&e th$ee 0la&&e& *hi0h a$e i 0o$/o$eal, o e 0la&& !0o &i&ti %# o' 'i5ed o( & *hi0h a$e %ive to bodie& a d &(b&ta 0e& 1 a d a othe$ 0la&& o' o( & *hi0h a$e %ive to otio &, li)e the&e o' S/a0e a d Time a d N(mbe$ 1 a d a othe$ 0la&& !0o &i&ti % o'# ve$b& *hi0h a$e (&ed *ith $e'e$e 0e to a ythi %. A d *he$ea& the&e th$ee 0la&&e& a$e i 0o$/o$eal, they have eve$thele&& 0alled the&e &eve ame& o ly "i 0o$/o$eal." A d *hy ! o e# b(t the&e ame&, &eei % that 'Gold' a d 'Silve$,' eve i' the&e al&o a$e ame& !o$ ' o( &'#, -2.38. a$e a;&*Amata, i.e. i 0o$/o$eal " Neve$thele&&, be0a(&e they have bee %ive to bodie& a d &(b&ta 0e&, they al&o a$e 0o$/o$eal ame&. Whe the$e'o$e tho( hea$e&t a ame *hi0h &ome o e (&e& a d he 0all& o(t '%old,' o$ '&ilve$,' o$ 'ea%le,' o$ 'ea$th,' at the me$e me tio o' the ame thy ima%i atio 'i5e& it&el' o the 0o$/o$eal &(b&ta 0e, a d tho( ) o*e&t *hethe$ it be &o't o$ ha$d, o$ bitte$ o$ &*eet. A d &o al&o *he &ome o e &/ea)& to thee o' 0olo($&. B(t i', o the 0o t$a$y, he me tio & to thee 'Time' o$ 'N(mbe$' thy ima%i atio doe& ot 'i5 it&el' o 65i bodie& o$ &(b&ta 0e&. ,o$ *hat &(b&ta 0e belo %& to Time, o$ *hat body belo %& to N(mbe$ o$ S/a0e " No$ do&t tho( ) o* *hethe$ they be bla0) o$ *hite, *hethe$ they be &o't o$ ha$d. A d i' tho( &aye&t that li)e*i&e Jei%ht a d Ke %th a$e ame& a d a$e (&ed o' bodie& a d &(b&ta 0e&, -I reply. that at 'i$&t they e5i&t by them&elve& a d &ta d *itho(t the &(//o$t o' a y body *hat&oeve$, b(t a'te$*a$d& -they a$e a//lied. al&o to -2. 3:.. bodie& a00o$di % to 0ommo (&a%e 1 'o$ a ma &ay& 'le %th' eve tho(%h bodie& a d thei$ e5te t have ot /$evio(&ly bee me tio ed, 'o$ "the ame o' Ke %th a d B$eadth9the&e ame& e5i&t by them&elve& *itho(t the &(//o$t o' a y body" 1 b(t a'te$*a$d& a ma &ay& "the le %th o' a &to e" a d "the b$eadth o' it"9the&e, lo, &tay (/o the bodie& by 'avo($. B(t i' tho( &aye&t 'I$o ' o$ 'B$a&&,' *ith the ame the$e &tay& the &(b&ta 0e al&o, a d the ame o' I$o o$ B$a&& 0a ot be &aid (i.e. *itho(t im/lyi % the B(alitie& o' the&e &(b&ta 0e&#. . . . < < < < < < <

. . . A d o thi& a00o( t they a$e 'bo( d' ame&, a d the&e al&o -l. 88.. -a$e atta0hed. to 'bo( d' &(b&ta 0e& 1 'o$ the&e ame& o' I$o o$ B$a&& o$ Sto e . . . b(t it i& $i%ht !"# that i 0o$/o$eal ame& -l. :3.. &ho(ld be deta0hed, a d, be0a(&e they a$e ot a& 'bo( d' &(b&ta 0e&, /e$ha/& o a00o( t o' thi& they have 0alled them a;&*Amata. < < < < < < <

. . . that i deed 'the$e i& a time 'o$ eve$ythi %' E . . . -2.3= l.7E. < < < < < < <

!Je$e 'ollo*&# yet a othe$ 'a&hio !o' a$%(me t#. The$e i& -/. 3?. othi % *hi0h i& ot amed a& bei % i S/a0e o$ i a /la0e. -l. 3.. The$e i& othi % *hi0h i& ot i Time a d

&(b+e0t to Time a d /e$'o$med *ithi !the limit& o'# Time. The$e i& othi % *hi0h ha& ot o$ doe& ot be0ome &(b+e0t to N(mbe$ a d Mea&($e. The$e i& othi % *hi0h doe& ot /o&&e&& Ke %th a d B$eadth. The$e i& o body o$ /e$&o *ho doe& ot bea$ a Ma$) by mea & o' *hi0h he !o$ it# i& di&ti %(i&hed '$om othe$&, li)e the /oi t *hi0h di&ti %(i&he& o e *o$d '$om a othe$. The$e i& othi % 65ii *hi0h i& 'o$med o$ *$itte *itho(t a Ki e bei % i it& 'o$m o$ i it& *$iti %. The$e i& o 0la % o$ b(NNi % o$ h(mmi % o$ &o( d *itho(t o e o' the&e &eve &o( d&, o$ o' tho&e &eve vo*el& !"#, o$ &eve Syllable&, bei % i it. A d the$e'o$e he$e !i.e. i thi& 0o e0tio # al&o the Stoi0& made the &eve &yllable& a;&*Amata, &o a& to i 0l(de eve$ythi % *ithi them +(&t a& !they i 0l(de# the&e *$iti %& *hi0h have o &o( d. B(t +(&t a& the$e a$e ame& o' ho$&e& *hi0h a$e de$ived '$om the S( , that i& to &ay @Jliod$oAmo+, a d '$om ,i$e, !that i&# -2. 3>.. 2($olaAm/o+, a d a%ai '$om Wate$, 2hA%a&o+, &o the$e a$e amo % our ame& othe$ ame& *hi0h a$e de$ived '$om ea0h o' tho&e &eve ame&, be&ide& the&e *o$d&, *hi0h a$e ve$b& a d ot ame&, a& I &aid above. B(t leave all o' them !"#, a d hea$ the &o( d o' the to %(e, *hi0h ha& i it a d *ithi it !m(&i0al# to e&, *hi0h 0o vey a mea i % to the hea$e$ *he they a$e va$ied i the mo(th, a d the&e to e& a d va$iatio & o' the voi0e a$e 0alled ve$b&, &(0h a&, 'eat,' 'd$i ),' '$i&e,' '&it.' No* the&e a$e va$iatio & o' the to %(e *ithi the mo(th a d 0ha %e& o' &o( d, b(t the &o( d, be0a(&e it e5i&t& !"#, ha& bee a//$ehe ded ! lit. ove$ta)e # by the hea$i % 1 *he$ea& the mea i % o' the&e va$iatio & o' the to %(e a d o' &o( d i& /e$0eived by the mi d. ,o$ othi % *hi0h $ea0he& the hea$i % i& !a0t(ally# &eve$ed '$om the to %(e o$ '$om the &o( d, a& i' tho( %ive&t a /ie0e o' thy 'le&h o$ o' thi e eyelid& tho( %ive&t &ome &(b&ta 0e *hi0h 0a be 'elt a d &ee . B(t i thi& 0a&e ! i.e. *he the aboveDme tio ed *o$d& *e$e (tte$ed# the ea$ hea$d thi e o* voi0e a& it 0ame. A d -2. 3E.. i' they ! i.e. the &/ea)e$&# a$e 2e$&ia &, the mi d 'ail& to /e$0eive the mea i % o' the *o$d&, tho(%h the ea$ did ot 'ail to hea$ the &o( d. B(t i' the mea i % *e$e a y &o$t o' &(b&ta 0e, the ea$ *o(ld /e$0eive it al&o, +(&t a& it /e$0eive& the &o( d. A d lo 4 al&o by a %e&t($e a ma 0o vey& a mea i %, a d i thi& 0a&e hea$i % i& i abeya 0e a d tho( hea$e&t *ith the eye !"#. A d !yet# othi % i& &eve$ed '$om the %e&t($e o$ '$om the thi %& *$itte a d $ea0he& the eye, b(t -the eye. &ee& &omethi % -o' 65iii *hi0h. the mea i % i& &ee by the mi d 9 it !i.e. the mi d# /e$0eive& it. A d eve a ( lea$ ed eye &ee& a boo) be0a(&e it i& $eally a thi % &ee . B(t the&e &e &e& ... do ot /e$0eive . . . the mea i % !o' the boo)#, be0a(&e that mea i % i& ot &ee by the eye, o$ ta&ted by the mo(th, o$ &melt, o$ ha dled. B(t that mea i % *hi0h i& hea$d by the ea$ i the &o( d 0a atta0h it&el' ! lit. 0a 0ome# to a %e&t($e, a d the ea$ doe& ot hea$ it i the %e&t($e, b(t the eye -&ee&. that *he$eby $eally the mea i % *a& &/o)e . ... b(t it ha& ot de/a$ted to !a y othe$# /la0e, -2. 3@.. be0a(&e it e5i&t& !"#. B(t the mea i % 0a be e5/$e&&ed !"# by a ythi %, be0a(&e it i& i 0o$/o$eal. So all the&e *o$d& a d ame& o' eve$ythi % that e5i&t a$e ot bodie& b(t mea i %& !o$ otio &#, &o that they may ot *a de$ abo(t amo % all *o$d& a d ame&. . . . ,o$ d($i % the day a d -l. 7@.. the i%ht all ob+e0t& !"# *hi0h a$e i &/a0e a$e vi&ible to (&. A d &o eve !i the 0a&e o'# the&e &i5 otio & *hi0h a$e a&&o0iated *ith thi& !&/a0e#, it i& ot the otio & them&elve& that a$e vi&ible o$ a(dible, b(t that thi % ha& a a//ea$a 0e o' it& o* a d a &/e0ial ma$) 7 o' it& o* . ,o$ *itho(t a voi0e I hea$ it& voi0e, eve *he o o e

ha& &/o)e to me abo(t it. B(t the otio &, i' tho( do&t ot &/ea) to me 3 abo(t them, have o voi0e, b(t *ithi !the 0om/a&& o'# thi e o* voi0e tho( (tte$e&t tho&e otio & *hi0h have o voi0e. B(t it i& he$e that Ba$dai&a e$$ed a d *e t a&t$ay, 'o$ he &aid 0o 0e$ i % otio & that they a$e a(dible. B(t the Stoi0& did ot e$$, 'o$ they &aid that they (i.e. otio &# a$e /e$0eived by the mi d. -2. 8;.. < < < < < < <

-l. =.. . . . &i%ht /e$0eive& *ith the eye, voi0e *ith the to %(e, &mell *ith the o&t$il&, ta&te *ith the /alate, b(t to(0h -*ith all. the body, a d the&e thi %& a$e 'bo( d ' a d ot &e/a$able 1 b(t otio & a$e ot 'bo( d' - to one sense, for if. tho( thi ) '&($ely it i& bo( d (/ *ith the voi0e, 0o &ide$ . . . -l. 3>.. ,o$ &ee that ( le&& tho( ha&t &( % o$ 0alled I ) o* ot *hethe$ thy voi0e i& bea(ti'(l o$ ot, a d ( le&& tho( ha&t &ee !&omethi %# it i& al&o the &ame !a& $e%a$d&# thy &i%ht, a d ( le&& 65iv them ha&t &melt it i& al&o the &ame !a& $e%a$d&# thy &e &e o' &mell, a d ( le&& tho( ha&t hea$d I ) o* ot *hethe$ thy hea$i % be B(i0), a d &o al&o !*ith# thy 'oot a d thy ha d. ,o$ a& $e%a$d& ea0h o' the&e a ma i& able to lea$ it ! i.e. it& B(alitie&# by mea & o' it. B(t a& $e%a$d& thy otio &, eve *itho(t thy to %(e a d thy voi0e I 0a ) o* by mea & o' *$iti %& *hethe$ they ! i.e. thy otio &# a$e %ood o$ *i&e, tho(%h *$iti %& a$e !o ly# &i% & o' -2. 87.. otio &. ,o$ *$iti %& a$e divided (/ i to &yllable&, b(t a otio i& ot divided 1 a d a boo), mo$eove$, i& vi&ible, *he$ea& a otio i& ot vi&ible. A d it i& ot $i%ht that the G$ee)& &ho(ld be blamed 'o$ the a//ellatio & *hi0h they be&to*ed. ,o$ the&e a//ellatio & *e$e ot i ve ted *ith a vie* to +(d%eme t a d di&0(&&io , b(t 'o$ the otio o' *hy it *a& &o. It *o(ld the$e'o$e ot be $i%ht that *e &ho(ld /a&& +(d%eme t o a thi % *hi0h *a& ot de&i% ed 'o$ +(d%eme t b(t 'o$ !e5/$e&&i %# a otio . ,o$ a(tho$& *o(ld ot eve have bee able to 0om/o&e a ythi %, i' they did ot em/loy the&e a//ellatio &. ,o$ tho&e thi %& a$e ) o* *hi0h i t$od(0e +(d%eme t a d di&0(&&io . ,o$ eve the&e ve$y *o$d& *hi0h a$e &/o)e a$e i 0l(ded *ithi the&e &eve a;&*Amata, 'o$ '$om the&e &ame &eve Name& -eve$y.thi % be%i & to be &/o)e , *hile the lim e$ a&&e$t& 0o 0e$ i % Geomet$y that *ith it& li e& all *o$)& a d all de&i% & a$e made, a d !al&o# *hat the G$ee)& 0alled e;/i'aA eia, Ma i'e&tatio , i.e. the a//ea$a 0e o' a ythi % *hat&oeve$, 'o$ the$e i& othi %, eithe$ o' thi %& vi&ible o$ o' thi %& i vi&ible, *hi0h ha& ot a a//ea$a 0e o' it& o* .@ B(t the 0a(&e& o' a//ea$a 0e a$e the&e F that i&, a00o$di % -2. 83.. a& the i te$ve i % di&ta 0e i& 'a$ o$ ea$, a d a00o$di % to the 65v %$eat e&& o$ &mall e&& o' the ob+e0t &ee , a d a00o$di % to the healthi e&& o$ ( healthi e&& o' the eye it&el', a d mo$eove$ a00o$di % to the 'ai t e&& o$ i te &ity o' the li%ht *hi0h $eveal& !the ob+e0t# 1 'o$ by m(0h li%ht the eye i& daNNled a d that ob+e0t *hi0h i& !(&(ally# vi&ible i& &*allo*ed (/ o$ hidde , a& the &ta$& by the &( . O the o e ha d the$e'o$e the da$) e&& i& a $eveale$, li)e the li%ht, &i 0e i the da$) e&& the &ta$& a$e b$i%ht a d vi&ible, *hi0h a$e hidde by the li%ht, a& the &o & o' da$) e&& !a$e hidde # by the day.

B(t the 0a(&e o' the eye 'aili % ! lit. &li//i %# i& that the &i%ht o' the eye *a de$& by $ea&o o' the di&ta 0e o' the !i te$ve i %# di&ta 0e, a d o that a00o( t it (i.e. the eye# doe& ot &ee. B(t i' the$e *e$e &omethi % i *hi0h the &i%ht mi%ht be &h(t (/, a& i a t(be, -the sight. *o(ld be able to %o 'o$th to &ee that ob+e0t *hi0h it 0a ot ! o*# &ee o a00o( t o' the di&ta 0e . . . < < < < < < < -2.88.

B(t a%ai [in the case o' the &ta$&, that &ame !i te$ve i %# l. 7@. di&ta 0e *hi0h belo %& to them by day belo %& to them al&o by i%ht, a d the eye *hi0h 0o(ld ot &ee them by day *a& able to &ee them by i%ht. A d *hy !i& thi& &o#, ( le&& it be that the da$) e&& i& 'o$ the eye a& it *e$e a t(be a d it& &i%ht i& 0o 0e t$ated a d %oe& (/ to the &ta$&, *hile the li%ht o' the &ta$&, o the othe$ ha d, de&0e d& to the eye a& it *e$e i to a /it " A d &o too a 'i$e by i%ht i& &ee '$om a %$eat di&ta 0e, b(t by day it i& ot &ee eve a B(a$te$ o' thi& di&ta 0e. < < < < < < < -/.8:.

-ll. =D3;.. -!ven by day the stars might be seen, if the light of the sun was obscured.. ... he !"# 0a ot &ee by that li%ht *hi0h i& -l. 8E.. o(t&ide !o' the eye# that *hi0h he &a* by the li%ht *hi0h i& *ithi !the eye#. Co &ide$ a%ai a d 'i5 the eye& al&o o the &( , a d &ee that, i' the li%ht i& ot 0o 0e t$ated !i to the eye# little by little a d !&o# 0o ie& to it& /la0e, the eye 0a ot &ee. A d a%ai , i' a lam/ be e5ti %(i&hed at i%ht o the -2. 8=.. *ay, ob&e$ve that be0a(&e the eye i& di&t$a0ted by the $ay& o' the lam/ !it i& o ly# *he it ha& 0o 0e t$ated the li%ht i to it&el' little by little that it 0a &ee. 65vi B(t that tho( maye&t lea$ *ell ho* t(be& 0o 0e t$ate &0atte$ed thi %& a d /$o/el (lit. &e d# them, 0o &ide$ al&o the 'i$eDho&e& !&iO'* e+#, a d &ee to *hat a hei%ht they /$o/el a d &0atte$ the ( &table *ate$. Co &ide$ mo$eove$ aB(ed(0t& a d &ee ho* *ate$ i& 0olle0ted i 0i&te$ & a d /i/e& a d !the # it a&0e d& a d doe& &e$vi0e o hei%ht& that a$e ha$d o' a00e&&. A d &o *o(ld the eye be able to &ee '$om a'a$, i' the$e *e$e i &t$(me t& to !a&&i&t# the eye&i%ht. Koo) al&o at the mo(th o' a )il , ho* it 0o 0e t$ate& a d &e d& 'o$th the &mo)e, a d it 0i$0le& a d i& 0a$$ied (/ o hi%h. B(t *he the &mo)e %oe& o(t i to the o/e ai$ it *a de$& !i.e. i& di&&i/ated# a d i& &0atte$ed a d &*allo*ed (/ a'te$ the ma e$ o' the a'o$e&aid eye&i%ht. Co &ide$ mo$eove$ the b$eath *hi0h *e &e d 'o$th '$om o($ mo(th %e tly, a d &ee that *he it i& 0o 0e t$ated i the '($ a0e -2. 8?.. o' a bla0)&mith o$ i the 'i$e/la0e o' a %old&mith it& bla&t %oe& 'o$th &t$o %ly be0a(&e o' it& 0o 0e t$atio . ,($the$mo$e, i' thi& *i d that blo*& i& 0om/$e&&ed bet*ee the 0le't& o' a mo( tai , o$ i the o/e i % th$o(%h a *all it& b$eath beome& &t$o %e$ be0a(&e o' it& a00(m(latio . Co &ide$ mo$eove$ a t$(m/et, a d &ee that the voi0e *hi0h i (& *a& *ea) a d, *he it *e t 'o$th '$om (&, *a de$ed !i.e. *a& di&&i/ated#, a& &oo a& it& *a de$i % motio & a$e 0o 0e t$ated i the t$(m/et, ob&e$ve ho* 'a$ the 0o 0e t$atio o' that voi0e 0a$$ie&. A%ai , ma)e !lit. ta)e# a e5/e$ime t 'o$ thy&el', ! amely# i' tho( o/e e&t thy mo(th *ide a d 0$ie&t, thy voi0e *a de$& a d i& *ea) 1 b(t i' tho( 0om/$e&&e&t thy li/& a little o the o(te$ &ide a d ma)e&t *ith them a& it *e$e a &/a0io(& hollo* o the i e$ &ide thy voi0e i& 0o 0e t$ated a d i 0$ea&e&, e&/e0ially i' tho( a$t loo)i % do* *a$d a d

ot (/*a$d. A%ai , ob&e$ve a 0a$/e te$ !a d &ee# that *he he 0o &ide$& the &t$ai%ht e&& o' the *ood9 be0a(&e the &i%ht o' hi& eye i& &0atte$ed a& lo % a& it (i.e. hi& eye# i& alto%ethe$ o/e 9the *o$)ma 0lo&e& hal' o' hi& eye, that he may 0o 0e t$ate it (i.e. the &i%ht# a%ai &t the &t$ai%ht e&& o' -2. 8>.. the *ood. A%ai , i hale b$eath '$om thy mo(th a d i hale al&o '$om thy o&t$il&, a d &ee that the i hali % /o*e$ o' thy o&t$il& i& &t$o % e o(%h to 0o 0e t$ate !a d# b$i % i the ai$, be0a(&e the o&t$il& a$e 0om/$e&&ed a d hollo* !"# li)e 0avitie& a d t(be&. A d i' 65vii a *o$)ma i& 0om/a$i % !"# de/th *ith hei%ht he ma)e& a &mall hole 'o$ him&el', i o$de$ that he may 0o 0e t$ate a d 0a(&e to /a&& th$o(%h it the &i%ht o' the eye, a d that he may e&timate !lit. *ei%h# the e5te t !lit. &($'a0e# o' the de/th a d $e0)o it i 0om/a$i&o *ith the hei%ht. B(t I &ay that i' &mell a d heat *e$e 0o 0e t$ated they li)e*i&e *o(ld be 'o( d t$avelli % to a di&ta 0e. B(t it m(&t be &o 1 'o$ $e&t 0a ot be &table, be0a(&e that ai$ *hi0h &et& thi %& i motio !lit. the d$a%%e$ o' thi %&# i& !0o &ta tly# t$avelli % a d ) o*& ot ho* to $e&t. ,o$ it i& by the ai$ that eve$ythi % i& d$a* alo %. Co &ide$ a%ai that he *ho blo*& a 'l(te o$ he *ho (tte$& 0$ie& *ith a mo(th that i hale& a d e5hale& the ai$ !doe& &o# i o$de$ that the ai$ may be a vehi0le 'o$ the voi0e o$ the 'l(teDblo*i %. ,o$ the ai$ i& a vehi0le 'o$ eve$ythi %. Mo$eove$ *he a ma loo)& i the di$e0tio o' the &( , i' he doe& ot /la0e -2. 8E.. hi& ha d above hi& eye& a d &helte$ them, thei$ &i%ht i& ot 0o 0e t$ated !e o(%h# to loo) !&teadily#. A d li)e*i&e *he a ma 0a$$ie& a lam/, i' he doe& ot &/$ead hi& ha d above the lam/ a d *a$d o'' the $ay& '$om hi& eye&, hi& eye&i%ht i& &0atte$ed a d 0a ot t$avel to a di&ta 0e. A d *he a ma loo)& i to a ba&i o' /($e *ate$ he &ee& i the 0olle0ted *ate$ belo* the 0olo($ o' the &)y a d li)e*i&e a bi$d, i' it ha//e & to 'ly above the a'o$e&aid ba&i . B(t be0a(&e eve$ythi % i& %ive to (& by mea&($e, *e al&o &ee by mea&($e, alo % *ith eve$ythi % el&e. ,o$ bei %& above a d belo*, alo % *ith eve$ythi % *hi0h i& 0$eated, a0t by mea&($e. B(t i' the$e be &ome *ho e50eed !othe$&#, a& !it may be &aid# that 0attle eat mo$e tha bi$d&, a d a *ild bea&t d$i )& mo$e tha 0$ee/i % thi %&, a d the &( i& b$i%hte$ tha the &ta$&, tho(%h !eve &o# all the&e a$e &(b+e0t to mea&($e. ,o$ i 0$ea&e the blaNe a d &ee that the heat i 0$ea&e& 1 a d li)e*i&e the &i%ht be0ome& le&& th$o(%h m(0h 'a&ti %, a d *he the &i%ht -2. 8@.. i& *ea) e$$& ! lit. &li/&#. B(t the 0o t$iva 0e& *hi0h I have me tio ed a&&i&t o($ *ea) e&&. K o* mo$eove$ that Da$) a d Ki%ht a$e the o//o&ite& o' o e a othe$ 1 the o//o&ite i deed i& ot a&&i&ted by it& o//o&ite, o$ i& Ki%ht i +($ed by that *hi0h i& a)i to it, b(t the &i%ht !i& 65viii i +($ed# by the Ki%ht, be0a(&e the &i%ht *a de$& $i%ht a d le't, li)e *ate$ that *a de$& i a /lai . B(t i the da$), be0a(&e it ! i.e. the &i%ht# doe& ot *a de$ $i%ht a d le't, a d a& ... i a t(be . . . a d the &i%ht -0ome&. (/ to the to$0h o$ the . . ., o that a00o( t they a$e &ee by the eye 1 a d the &( doe& ot hide the &ta$& *he it $i&e&9 'o$ li%ht doe& ot be0ome the o//o&ite o' the &ta$ *hi0h i& a)i to it9b(t the $ay& &0atte$ the &i%ht o' the eye a d it !the eye# 0a ot &ee the &ta$&. ,o$ lo 4 a lam/, altho(%h !"# it i& &ee at oo o a00o( t o' it& ea$ e&& . . . that *hi0h i& &*allo*ed (/ i& &ee eithe$ by $ea&o o' di&ta 0e o$ yet o -2. :;.. a00o( t o' ea$ e&& !"#. B(t li%ht 0a ot &*allo* (/ a ythi % be0a(&e it& 0o 0e t$ated at($e . . . o$ doe& it &*allo* (/ the da$) e&& 1 the

da$) e&& i& *holly de&t$oyed a d 0ea&e& !to e5i&t#, be0a(&e the$e *a& othi % i the &)y, 'o$ it !i.e. the da$) e&&# i& i 0o$/o$eal. The$e a$e the&e t*o at($e& o ly 0omi % to meet o e a othe$, amely &i%ht a d the ill(mi ated ob+e0t1 the latte$ 0ome& *ith it& li%ht vi&ibly to*a$d& the eye, a d &i%ht %oe& to meet the ill(mi ated ob+e0t i vi&ibly, li)e the i vi&ible &0e t *hi0h 0ome& '$om vi&ible blo&&om&. ,o$ i' it *e$e ot the 'a0t that &ome &i%ht !o$ othe$# i& &e t o(t a d %oe& 'o$th '$om the eye&, ho* *o(ld tho&e a imal& *hi0h &ee by i%ht &ee i the da$) e&& " ,o$ the$e i& o li%ht o' *hi0h *e 0a &ay that it i&. ... ,o$ the $ay& do ot belo % to the eye& o$ . . . o$ to the *ate$, b(t to the li%ht *hi0h 0ome& a d &t$i)e& it& $ay& (/o it (i.e. the *ate$# 1 -2. :7.. a d i' the beam& *e$e &t$i)i % (/o a mi$$o$ a d t($ i % ba0) to it ! i.e. a$e $e'le0ted to*a$d& the eye#, they a$e tho(%ht to belo % to the mi$$o$. B(t i' they belo %ed to the mi$$o$, they *o(ld be &ee i it al&o at i%ht, i the ab&e 0e o' the li%ht1 'o$ al&o *he the &( di''(&e& !it& li%ht# (/o the *ate$, lo 4 tho( &ee&t the &( a d it& $ay& !the$ei #, b(t *e do ot &ay that that *hi0h i& &ee i the *ate$ belo %& to the *ate$. A d *he it !i.e. the &( # de0li e& a d the &hado* i it& t($ 'all& (/o the *ate$, ho* 0a *e &ee the $ay& i the *ate$, &eei % that they a$e ot i the *ate$ " ,o$ eve$ythi % that i& /oli&hed, 65i5 *he the li%ht o' the &( &t$i)e& (/o it ... &o that *he the &( &hi e& (/o them the &i%ht !o' the eye# *hi0h %aNe& at them *a de$&. B(t a& 'o$ da$)D 0olo($ed &to e& a d !othe$# bla0) &(b&ta 0e&, ) o* that al&o (/o them *he the $ay& &t$i)e the li%ht i& &/$ead, b(t !o ly# o tho&e *hite &(b&ta 0e&, *hi0h a$e a)i to the li%ht, doe& the li%ht &ho* it& /o*e$. No$ a%ai do $ay& %o 'o$th '$om ( /oli&hed bodie& o$ '$om &(b&ta 0e& that -2. :3.. do ot %litte$, 7; a& they %o 'o$th '$om /oli&hed ob+e0t& o$ '$om &(b&ta 0e& that %litte$. B(t a& eve$ythi % *hi0h 'all& i to a mi$$o$ i& &ee *he it &i )& i to the mid&t o' the mi$$o$ a d i& tho(%ht to belo % to the mi$$o$, altho(%h it doe& ot belo % to it, &o al&o tho&e $ay& *e$e tho(%ht to belo % to the mi$$o$, altho(%h they did ot belo % to it, a& I have &aid. B(t a& *he ha$d &(b&ta 0e& &t$i)e a%ai &t o e a othe$ a &o( d i& e %e de$ed 77 '$om bet*ee them9a d it *a& ot the 0a&e that that &o( d *a& !/$evio(&ly# *ithi them a d *a& i a(dible, 'o$ it i& thei$ at($e to e %e de$ 77 a &o( d by &t$i)i % to%ethe$9i li)e ma e$ al&o !i the 0a&e o'# the eye a d the ill(mi ated ob+e0t, by the &t$i)i % o' both o' them, i 0ombi atio *ith o e a othe$, &i%ht i& e %e de$ed 77 i the eye. A& the$e'o$e heat that %oe& 'o$th '$om a 'i$e, a d $ay& '$om a lam/, a d /e$'(me '$om &/i0e& a$e *ea)e ed *he they %o 'a$ '$om thei$ &o($0e&, &o al&o the &i%ht dimi i&he& a& it %oe& to a di&ta 0e. ,o$ !o ly# i a &mall mea&($e i& /e$'(me de/o&ited -2. :8.. i a blo&&om a d li%ht i a lam/ a d heat i a 'i$e 1 o thi& a00o( t al&o they /e et$ate to a di&ta 0e !o ly# i a mea&($e a d be%i to %$o* *ea) a& they %o to a di&ta 0e. ,o$ !i the 0a&e o'# 'o( tai & o' ab( da t *ate$ thei$ 'lo* i& eve , be0a(&e the$e i& a ab( da t a d mate$ial !lit. &olid# o(t'lo*. B(t e''(l%e 0e /e$'(me, a d heat a$e ot 0o$/o$eal, o$ do they $eally 'lo* li)e a lite$al !lit. bo( d# 'o( tai . ,o$ lo 4 the voi0e *hi0h i& i (& i& a thi % bo( d *ithi (&, a d a& it %oe& a*ay it li)e*i&e %$o*& 'ai t, a d by the me0ha i&m o' a t$(m/et it be0ome& &omethi % 655 di''e$e t, by $ea&o o' the &t$e %th a d 0lea$ e&& *hi0h a$e added to it. B(t a& *he the $adia 0e o' a lam/ i& ab( da t a d 0o/io(& thi& amo( t o' li%ht *o(ld be able to 0o te d *ith the lo % mea&($e o' a %$eat di&ta 0e, &o the amo( t o' the &( '& li%ht &(''i0e& 'o$ the mea&($e o' all &/a0e 1 a d &o al&o the amo( t o'

*ate$ !&(''i0e&# 'o$ the mea&($e o' the ea$th. So, be0a(&e the -2. ::. e5te t o' the di&ta 0e i& %$eate$ i it& mea&($e tha the amo( t o' the li%ht o' the eye, o thi& a00o( t '$om a'a$ eve la$%e ob+e0t& a//ea$ &mall. ,o$ a& the&e thi %& a%ai mi5 o e *ith a othe$ ( eB(ally, b(t a$e ... < < < < < < <

-l.7:.. i& /e$0eived. < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

-2. :=, l.7=. o a00o( t o' *hi0h ot eve tho&e thi %& *hi0h a$e be'o$e the eye& o' the ma a$e te&ted by him, &i 0e eve the &(mmit& a d de/th& o' the ea$th, to%ethe$ *ith the &(mmit a d lo*e$ /a$t& o' the &)y, both hel/ a d ha$m. ,o$ the &)y i& li)e a 0i$0(la$ belt, that i& to &ay, li)e a a$0h, a d that *hi0h i& /la0ed at it& &(mmit doe& ot a//ea$ li)e that *hi0h i& /la0ed i it& lo*e$ /a$t&. Ket the moo *he it $i&e& '$om the Ia&t &ho* ho* %$eat i& it& 0i$0le a d '(ll a d ... it& di&0. B(t the$e a$e tho&e *ho &ay that be0a(&e the moo -is affected by the power. o' the &( , *hi0h i& i the We&t, it (i.e. the moo # a//ea$& th(&, a d ... at da* , *he the moo $ea0he&, the lo*e&t /a$t - of the "est., the li%ht o' the &( $i&e& '$om the Ia&t1 a d it i& ot tho(%ht . . . -2. :?.. it& di&0. . . . A d a%ai the$e a$e tho&e *ho &ay that, be0a(&e it $i&e& '$om the O0ea , o that a00o( t it& a//ea$a 0e i& %$eat a d it& di&0 i& %lo$io(& a d bea(ti'(l. B(t I &ay that, be0a(&e it $i&e& &(dde ly a d it& li%ht &hi e& i to the da$) e&&, o that a00o( t it a//ea$& to the eye to be %$eat, tho(%h it& &iNe ha& ot $e0eived a y a(%me tatio !"# a d o '($the$ $adia 0e ha& bee added to it& li%ht. Th(& altho(%h the&e 'o($ e5am/le& a$e eB(al, a& I have &aid, the&e 0o t$iva 0e& *hi0h I have e (me$ated 'o$ thee above have ot yet 'ailed 1 'o$ they a$e hel/'(l to a 0e$tai 655i mea&($e. ,o$ a ma 0all&, a d the$e i& a 0e$tai mea&($e to *hi0h hi& voi0e $ea0he&, b(t !lit. a d# *he the 0o t$iva 0e o' the t$(m/et &te/& i it 0a(&e& the voi0e to /a&& ove$ that 'o$me$ !"# limit. Oh 4 *hat a thi % i& Co t$iva 0e 4 &i 0e it ma)e& Nat($e to be0ome &omethi % di''e$e t. A d o that a00o( t the$e i& o e50(&e 'o$ the &i e$, &eei % that Nat($e it&el' i& 0om/elled to 'ollo* the *ill, *he that *ill de&i$e& to 0om/el Nat($e. ,o$ 2. :>. God 0$eated the *o$ld a d ado$ ed it *ith at($al ob+e0t& 1 a d, !yet# i' 0o t$iva 0e had ot a'te$*a$d& ado$ ed the *o$ld, the *o$ld *o(ld be a *a&te. A d that I may b$i % to thee a te&timo y '$om ea$ at ha d, 0o &ide$ thy limb&, that i& to &ay, thy &e &e&, a d &ee that God 0$eated them a& !Je 0$eated# at($al ob+e0t& *hi0h a$e bo( d !by e0e&&ity#. B(t by the %i't *hi0h 0ome& '$om Jim tho( tea0he&t thi e eye a othe$ !)i d o'# &i%ht, !that# o' ma y boo)&, o' &eal&, o' /ea$l& a d the li)e. A%ai tho( tea0he&t thy ha d to *$ite a d to *o$) at a 'o$%e a d to e %$ave, a d &o al&o !tho( tea0he&t# thi e ea$ the hea$i % o' ma y &o( d&. A d a%ai , a& 'o$ *hat Ba$dai&a &ay&, that "i' a /e$'(me o$ a voi0e $ea0h to (& *e &ho(ld all eB(ally /e$0eive them"9lo 4 i the 0a&e o' the li%ht, *hi0h $ea0he& all eye& eB(ally, *hy doe& o e ma &ee mo$e tha a othe$ " I' he &ay& that !it i&# be0a(&e o' *ea) e&& o$ di&ea&e o$ othe$ thi %& o' the &ame )i d, it all te d& to &ho* that *hat he ha& o* 'ailed !to a//ly, amely# that i' a /. :E. /e$'(me a//$oa0hed (& eB(ally *e &ho(ld all /e$0eive it

eB(ally. ,o$ it !&ometime&# ha//e & that he *ho i& ea$ a thi % doe& ot &ee it, *hile a othe$, tho(%h he i& 'a$ o'', &ee& that ob+e0t *hi0h i& /la0ed o the !ve$y# eye o' the 'o$me$. A d &o li)e*i&e !he e$$&# i that he &ay& 0o 0e$ i % the voi0e al&o that "it $ea0he& the ea$ o' !eve$y# ma eB(ally, i' hi& ea$ i& ot d(ll." B(t '$om thi& ve$y thi % lea$ that i', mo$eove$, tho( di''(&e&t a /e$'(me by mea&($e i all di$e0tio & tho( *ilt &ee that all !me # a$e ot able to &mell eB(ally 1 o$ do they hea$ eB(ally, o$ . . . 'ood& to(0h all mo(th& eB(ally, a d yet all mo(th& -l. 88.. do ot ta&te eB(ally < < < < < < <

B(t &o Ba$dai&a +(%%led 73 eve by ame& a d &(//o&ed that -2. :@.. 655ii the at($e !o' thi %&# i& li)e thei$ ame&. ,o$ be0a(&e 'li%ht' i the A$amai0 la %(a%e i& 0alled a& ma&0(li e, a d 'eye' 'emi i e i the &ame, he ha&tily 0o(/led them to%ethe$ i a 'ooli&h /h$a&e, &ayi % that "Ki%ht, li)e a male, &o*& /e$0e/tio i the Iye." A d lo, he, Ba$dai&a , 0all& the moo 'emi i e 78 i the A$amai0 la %(a%e F *he the$e'o$e !"# the eye loo)& at the moo , doe& that 'emale &o* /e$0e/tio i a 'emale " Well, the , be0a(&e i the G$ee) la %(a%e '&( ' a d 'eye' a$e both 0alled ma&0(li e, *he the eye loo)& at the &( a male &o*& /e$0e/tio i a male, a00o$di % to the tea0hi % o' Ba$dai&a 4 IND O, DISCOURSI COM2OSID AGAINST BARDAISAN.

Note '$om Pol. 7 I t$od(0tio , /. !7;#F -Short lacunae are indicated in the translation by dots, and longer gaps by asterisks, but in neither case is the number of the dots or asterisks intended to bear any e#act relation to the number of the missing words. In respect to this an appro#imately correct inference may be drawn by consulting the Syriac te#t. $ouble inverted commas mark %uotations where the original has -Sy$ia0. Single inverted commas are used in numerous cases where the words seem to be %uotations or to belong to a special terminology. "ords in italics inside s%uare brackets are to be regarded as con&ectural translations or paraphrases. In a few passages, where the te#t has suffered great mutilation, italics indicate an attempt to summarise the argument from suggestions in the fragments.. -2.7;7. i di0ate& /a%e 7;7 o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -l.3. mea & li e 3 o' the 0($$e t /a%e o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -R2.

,OOTNOTIS I have moved the footnotes to the end. 'hose consisting of ()ead [syriac for [syriac ( or similar have been omitted, as it has not been possible to transcribe the fragments of Syriac. 'he pages are numbered with )oman numerals. *rabic numbers and line numbers relate to the Syriac te#t printed at the back of the paper volume. +reek te#t is rendered using the Scholars ,ress S,Ionic font, free from here. 7. 7 ,o$ the $e de$i %, &ee Galatia & vi 7, &y$. v%. 3. 7 Albi (& !0. 7=3 A.D.# *$ote a I t$od(0tio !Ii;&a%*%hA# to the 2lato i0 Dialo%(e&, b(t the *o$) he$e $e'e$$ed to i& di''e$e t a d doe& ot &eem to be e5ta t. 8. 7 -it. '*ill belo % to that *hi0h i& i 0o$/o$eal.' O /. 77, 7. ::, add -Sy$ia0. at the e d o' the li e. :. 3 Je$e a d i *hat 'ollo*& it ha& bee 'o( d e0e&&a$y to $e de$ athra &ometime& by ' 2la0e ' a d &ometime& by ' S/a0e.' =. 3 The *o$d& i &B(a$e b$a0)et& a$e ( 0e$tai 1 /e$ha/& they a$e /la0eD ame&. ?. 7 -it. 'bet*ee body a d *o$d.' >. 8 I Sy$ia0 a Pe$b i& 0alled a '*o$d' !-Sy$ia0.# a d a No( i& 0alled a ' ame'. E. 8 I00le&ia&te& iii 7. @. ? Com/a$e A$i&totle, .etaphysica vi 3, 3 F "It i& held by &ome that the bo( da$ie& o' a body, &(0h a& the vi&ible &($'a0e !e;/i'aA eia# a d o(tli e !%$ammhA# a d e5t$eme /oi t& !&ti%mhA# a d it& i&olatio !mo aA&#, a$e $eal !( &aiOai#, mo$e $eal tha the &olid it&el'." 7;. 3 A *o$d (&ed o' %a(dy atti$e i the Ki'e o' Rabb(la 7E@7@. The Note to /. :3, 7. 3, &ho(ld be deleted. 77. : Note, i vie* o' I/h$aim'& a$%(me t a%ai &t Ba$dai&a !/. 55ii#, that the *o$d 'o$ 'e %e de$ ' i&, lite$ally, '%ive bi$th to.' 73. 7 -it. '&ailed abo(t' F &ee /. 337, 7. 8=, a d delete the Note, /. :E, 7. :E 78. 3 'Moo ' i& eithe$ ma&0(li e o$ 'emi i e i Sy$ia0.

This text was transcribed by Roger Pearse, Ipswich, UK, 10th September 2002. !! materia! on this page is in the p"b!ic domain # copy $ree!y.

%ree& text is rendered "sing the Scho!ars Press SPIonic $ont, $ree $rom here.

Ia$ly Ch($0h ,athe$& Additio al Te5t&

S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations of Mani, Marcion and Bardaisan. Transcribed from the Palimpsest B.M. Add. 14 !" b# the late $. %. M&T$'E((, M.A., $.)., *olume ! +1,!1-. A9ainst Bardaisan

A7A&4ST BAR0A&SA4.
A 0&S$12RSE A7A&4ST BA:0A&SA4. 7 -2. 7:8.. I. BARDAISAN, lo, de0la$e&DDthat eve *itho(t the &i o' AdamDDthe Body *o(ld t($ to it& d(&t,DDthat ,le&h doe& ot 0leave to S/i$it,DDthat the d$e%& $( do* *a$dDDa d the 'i e mate$ial (/*a$d,DDa d . . .DDthe o e it& hei%ht a d the othe$ it& de/th. II. Ji& o/i io i& di&ea&ed, &imila$DDto the i 'i$mity o' Ba$dai&a ,DDhi& *hole mytholo%y i& &i0)ly.DD",o$ i'," &ay& he, "-it i&. by AdamDD*e die the Death o' he$e belo*,DDit *o(ld have bee $i%ht that Je *ho 0ameDD&ho(ld have %ive Ki'e he$e belo*DDthat he mi%ht $e de$ $e0om/e &e 'o$ the (&($y /aid." III. B(t o($ +(d%e& a$e +(d%edDDbe'o$e that T$(th *hi0h i& '$om +(d%eme t1DDthey a$e bei % +(d%ed, the +(d%e&DDo' all -2. 7::.. +(d%eme t& that -a$e. +(d%ed i e$$o$.DDThe t$(th o' it +(d%e& the +(d%e&,DD'o$ Pe$ity -0ometh. i +(d%eme t1DDby it& t$(th it i& the vi0to$DDo' the *i0)ed e&& hidde i the +(d%e&. IP. Whe by a$ti'i0e I$$o$ +(d%e&DDthat it may 0o B(e$ the t$(th,DDit i& +(d%ed &e0$etlyDDby the ) o*led%e o' the t$(th. DDWhe$e'o$e ot a%ai ha& Pe$ity -0ome.DDi' o/e a(da0itie& have 0ha %ed it,DD'o$ it& vi0to$y i t$(thDDhold& the 0$o* ove$ it. P. To the *o$d o' t$(th . . . the healthy ea$ - is a test /. . . . 00the healthy mo(th al&o i& a te&t3DDto '$(it &*eet -a d bitte$.DDthe mo(th tea0he& the ta&teDDto the eye that ha& e$$ed by the &i%ht. PI. ,o$ that i e5/e$ie 0eDDo' the eye *hi0h &ee& -all 'o$m&.DDi& obedie t to the mo(th *hi0h t$ie& -all. ta&te&DD-that tho(. 6l5vii maye&t lea$ -the$eby the *hole&ome e&&. o' '$(it& 1 -&o. al&o the i e5/e$ie 0e DD o' the ea$ that hea$& all *o$d& DD !i& obedie t# to the hea$t that t$ie& all *o$d& DD that tho( maye&t lea$ the$eby the 'o$0e o' the *o$d&. PII. Ket (& be li)e to the o$di a$y !/hy&i0al# body DD *ho&e -2. 7:=.. o$%a & a$e eB(al i love, DD 'o$ the &o( d o$%a that ha& &t(mbled DD it& 'ello* that i& &)il'(l admo i&he& it. DD

Ket the love$-&. o' t$(th al&o be0ome DD o e Body a%ai &t I$$o$ DD that -o($. la0) may be 'illed DD . . . PIII. A t$(e de0i&io bea$& *it e&& DD that the t$a &%$e&&io o' Adam DD t($ ed the Body to a /$i 0i/le 8 DD that loo&e& the 'i5i % o' it& li'e, DD 'o$ i' *e have &ee that o($ Ko$d al&o DD 'i5ed the mo$tal Body DD *ith li'e that 0a ot be loo&ed DD Ji& t$(th ha& bo$ e a*ay the 0$o* . IQ. O($ di&/(tatio ha& e te$ed a 0o te&t DD that '$om t*o &ide&, lo, i& a//$oa0hed, DD that o t*o &ide& it may be 0$o* ed, DD 'o$ i that o e i volve& the othe$ DD i the 0ommo 0o te&t they a$e ali)e. DD ,o$ i' o($ Ko$d /(t o the Body DD *ith the li'e o' 2a$adi&e Je $e*a$ded it, DD be0a(&e it lo&t it& li'e the$e. Q. Com/a$e, the , a d let (& ta)e the -t$ial.& DD o' o($ Ko$d that tho( maye&t ) o*, i' they a$e li)e DD to bodily a d mo$tal o e&, DD *hethe$ Je /(t o the Body, o$ ot. DD Be%i the *ith the Bi$th DD a d %o o to 'i i&h *ith the Death DD a d i 0l(de i the middle DD Ji& h(ma mode o' li'e.: QI. ,o$ they a$e bo( d o e to the othe$ DD Ji& t$(th& that bo( d I$$o$ 1 DD i that Ji& Death /e$&(ade& (& abo(t Ji& -2. 7:?.. Bi$th DD that Je /(t o a mo$tal Body 1 DD Ji& Re&($$e0tio bea$& *it e&& to Ji& Death DD that the Body *hi0h died *a& $ai&ed. DD ,o$ Ji& Bi$th i& bo( d (/ *ith Ji& Death, DD a d Ji& Death i& bo( d (/ *ith Ji& Re&($$e0tio . QII. ,o$ o($ Ko$d ha& 'i5ed the t$aditio & DD o' Ji& t$(th li)e the bodily o$%a &, DD -*hi0h. Je ha& 'i5ed i o e a othe$, DD that *he 0o te tio a d I$$o$ DD *i&h to 0(t o'' a o$%a DD the Body all o' it *ail& DD a d the o$%a & -'$om all. &ide& DD a$e 0$yi % o(t abo(t that o e *hi0h i& 0(t o''. QIII. The T$(th i& livi % a d li'eD%ivi % to all, DD lo, the 6l5viii ta&te& o' it bea$ *it e&& to it.DD,o$ lo, by a my$iad t$ial&DD the a''ai$ o' o($ Ko$d i& lea$ t,DDthat i the Body Je died a d *a& $ai&ed,DDa d Ji& Bi$th a d Ji& Death have be0ome a te&t =DD'o$ the ve$y Body *hi0h Je /(t o ,DDthat ot i a//ea$a 0e a d '$a(d did Je /(t it o . QIP. -Whe . Je 0o 'e&&ed Ji& -my&.te$y to Thoma&,DD*ho by to(0h *i&hed to e5ami e Jim,DDJe %ave Ji& Body to the to(0h o' the ha d,DDthat the &e &e o' to(0h al&o &ho(ld be a -2. 7:>.. te&t to Jim 1DDthe$e 0ame to him the *o$d o' T$(th,DDthat *ill 0a&t o(t all 0o te tio ,DD",o$ a &/i$it hath ot bo e&" 1 ?DD i t$(th Je /(t o Ji& bodily o$%a &. QP. ,o$ eve i' ... DD/$o0laim& that o($ Ko$d *a& 0lothed *ith a Body,DDCo te tio &to/& (/ it& ea$&DDa d i /e$ve$&ity /$o0laim& &omethi % el&e,DDthat o($ Savio($ did ot /(t o the ,le&h.DDA d i' it& /e$ve$&ity i t$(th +(&ti'ie& (&DDho* m(0h mo$e *ill Ji& 0o$$e0t e&& +(&ti'y (& " QPI. B(t I thi ) that T$(thDDth(& 0o B(e$& I$$o$DD ot *he . . . DDthe eloB(e t ... to $( ,DD b(t . . . *ith JimDDhi& $( i % &($/a&&e& thei$ $( i %,DDa& . . DD . . a d i& 0$o* ed.

QPII. < < < < < < < 'o$ *hat $ea&o a d *he$e'o$eDDthe Body 0a ot 'o$ eve$DDbe a00om/a ied 'o$ eve$ by the &o(l. QPIII. -,o$. i' *e &ay that it i& a Jo(&eDD . . . -2. 7:E.. QIQ. ,o$ a & a$e, lo, i& &/$eadDD . . . QQ. A d i' . . . QQI. The&e thi %& that -a$e. &(//o&ed DDto be &t$a %e to o e a othe$,DD-a d al&o. a$e ot a00e/table to o e a othe$DDa$e o e, a d a$e '$om o e, a d i o e,DD'o$ they e5i&t i o e 0$eatio DDa d '$om o e Ai$ a$e o($i&hedDDa d by o e Death a$e 0(t o'' DDa d to o e Wo$)i % a$e obedie t. 6l5i5 QQII. B(t &ee the &eed, that a& ... . . . DD that i the bo&om o' it& mothe$ it may ta)e $e'(%e, DD a d -2. 7:@.. leave o(t o' all bo&om-&. DD i the ma&& o' do(%h ta)e& $e'(%e alo e. DD The bo&om o' the ea$th i& the o//o&ite o' the -&eed., DD a d *he a'o$etime it *a& %$o*i % (/ i it DD i the mode o' -it& &/e0ie&. it %$e* (/. QQIII. < < < < < < <

QQIP. < < < < < < < DD *hethe$ the Will -o'. the C$eato$ DD be%at the *ealth o' dive$&itie& DD that a$e $e%a$ded a& o//o&ite&, DD o$ that the$e a$e I titie&, &t$a %e$& DD a d ot $elated to o e a othe$ DD a d... QQP. That I$$o$ m(0h di&t$e&&e& me DD . . . ... i the Be%i i %, DD that *hat they &ay abo(t the e d DD -2. 7=;.. *e may &ay to them abo(t the be%i i %. QQPI. I ) o* that i' . . . QQPII. QQPIII. QQIQ. < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

QQQ. What %ood the$e'o$e -ha&. death, DD i' *he li'e abo( d& DD . . . < < < < < < <

QQQI.> No* let (& t($ 'o$ a little DD to a B(e&tio . *hi0h -2. 7=7.. i& be'o$e thi&, DD that &he may ot be be$eaved by havi % bee le't DD let T$(th the $( to meet he$ DD holdi %

'a&t the vi0to$y o' he$ &i&te$ DD a d a o( 0i % to he$ abo(t I$$o$, DD that it had be0ome a ma$) 'o$ the a$$o*& DD that &he al&o may be%i to mo0) at it. QQQII. Body a d So(l have bee i vited DD to 2a$adi&e, a d i 2a$adi&e DD they *e$e ho o($ed a d $et($ ed i di&%$a0e, DD they *e$e di&%$a0ed a d have $et($ ed i ho o($ 1 DD Body a d So(l e te$ed to%ethe$, DD Body a d So(l *e t o(t to%ethe$, DD by death they *e$e &e/a$ated o e '$om the othe$, DD a d i $e&($$e0tio a%ai they a$e +oi ed. 6l55 QQQIII.E The death that God de0$eedDD'o$ Adam a'te$ he &i ed,DDit i& ot the *i0)ed )illi %DD*he$eby me )ill thei$ 'ello*Dme 1DDthe )illi % o' Abel the $i%hteo(&DD*a& '$om the ,$eeD*ill that *$o %ed him,DDa d the death o' Adam the &i e$DD*a& '$om the +(&ti0e that $eB(ited him. QQQIP. It *a& ot the 0a&e the be0a(&eDDthe )illi % o' Abel the $i%hteo(& *a& /$evio(&DDto the death o' Adam the &i e$ @DDthat Abel died 'i$&tDDby that death that i& '$om God F -2. 7=3.. DD,$eeD*ill i it& a(da0ityDDmade a a&&a(lt o Abel i it& e vy,DDa d b$o(%ht i l(lli % be'o$e death. QQQP. By that &e te 0e '$om the R(d%eDDAdam died 'i$&t,DDby that )illi % '$om Ma DD Abel *a& )illed 'i$&t1 7;DDthey &ta d i the domai DDo' R(&ti0e a d o' ,$eeD*ill,DDR(&ti0e i& ot *$o %edDDa d ,$eeD*ill i& ot 0o &t$ai ed. QQQPI.77 A d lo, the$e %o do* '$om the be%i i %DDthe t*o *ay& o' death,DDo e o' &e te 0e a d o e o' )illi %.DD,o$ a& ,$eeD*ill b$o(%ht i DD)illi % be'o$e death i the Be%i i %,DD&o R(&ti0e b$o(%ht i DDdeath a'te$ &i . QQQPII. Je73 Who ) e* be'o$eha d that the )illedDD *o(ld be )illed by the )ille$&DDby the l(lli % &et a bo( d to thei$ li'eDDtho(%h Je be 'a$ '$om the blameDDo' the )ille$& *ho have da$ed to )ill,DDa d i& 'a$ al&o '$om !the blame 'o$# the a00ide tDD o' the )illed ma *ho i& )illed by &(dde death. QQQPIII. I' the$e'o$e o e *ho i& )illedDD%oe& ot i &e te 0ed time it i& a a00ide t,DD a d i' he %oe& i hi& time it -2. 7=8.. i& a &0a dalDD'o$ it +(&ti'ie& the o e *ho )illed him,DD yet God i& hi%hDDabove a00ide t a d al&o above &0a dal1DDit i& ot a a00ide t, i that the &e te 0ed time d$e* i%hDDa d it i& ot a &0a dal, i that the$e i& abo(t to be a +(d%eme t. 6l55i QQQIQ. B(t ho*eve$ m(0h, lo, they a$e e5/lai edDDthe&e thi %& have eed o' e5/la atio ,DD'o$ it i& ha$d !to e5/lai # ho*DDthe$e &ho(ld 0ha 0e i the o e ho($DDthe hidde &e te 0ed time o' him *ho i& )illedDDa d al&o the *ill o' the )ille$,DDthat the ma )illed &ho(ld %o i hi& &e te 0ed timeDDa d the )ille$ *ith hi& *ea/o be held %(ilty. QK. Ket (& t($ a&ide o* '$om the&e thi %&DD'o$ it *a& ot the&e thi %& *e a$e 0o 0e$ ed *ith 1DDa i ve&ti%atio a%ai &t tho&e i e$$o$DD*e have bee 0o 0e$ ed *ith to 0o B(e$ the$ei .DD,o$ ot a little lo&& i& itDDthat ha& e te$ed th$o(%h Ba$dai&a ,DDthat i e5/e$ie 0ed 'ol) *ho have hea$d have &(''e$ed lo&&DDo' the me$0ha di&e o' thei$ live&.

QKI. A d that i% o$a t 'ol) may ot %o a&t$ay,DD&ayi % that "Abel, he died 'i$&t,"DDa d di&t($b the 0om/a$i&o DDthat i& &t$(0) bet*ee o($ Ko$d a d Adam FDDlet them ) o* that )illi % i& o' ma DDb(t the &e te 0ed time i& '$om God1DD'o$ a& $e%a$d& Abel *i0)ed e&& )illed him,DDb(t a& $e%a$d& Adam the -2. 7=:.. R(&t O e made him die. QKII. B(t ot eve 'o$ thi& *ill the$e beDDa o//o$t( ity 'o$ thee to hi de$ the i e5/e$ie 0edDDi that a& $e%a$d& o($ Ko$d it *a& me *ho )illed JimDDa d a& $e%a$d& Adam the R(&t O e made him die FDDAdam that &i ed a%ai &t R(&ti0eDD God i the &e te 0ed time made him die,DDb(t o($ Ko$d that )illed *i0)ed e&&DDby *i0)ed me *a& the )illi % o' Jim. QKIII. I' the Body de/e d& (/o the So(l,78DDlo, the So(l al&o li)e the BodyDD(/o a othe$ 2o*e$ de/e d& *hollyDD amely, o that 2o*e$ *hi0h %ive& li'e to eve$ythi %.DD A d a& !i the 0a&e o'# the So(l i' it let& %oDDo' the Body, it !the Body# i& ( do e a d 'all& to /ie0e&,DDthe 2o*e$ al&o that %ive& li'e to the So(lDDi' it let& it %o, it !the So(l# i& ( do e. QKIP. I' the Body, that i& mi5ed *ithDDthe So(l a d i& it& 0om/a io ,DDthey &ay 0a ot 0leave to it,DDthe li%ht o e, be0a(&e o' the *ei%ht o' it !the Body#,DDho* 0a they 0leave,DD I titie& 0o$/o$eal a d heavy,DDto that 2o*e$ *hi0h i& above eve$ythi % &(btleDDto live i it 'o$ eve$ a d eve$ " QKP. Well, the , let (& al&o &ayDDthat i' the Body be0a(&e o' it& *ei%htDDb$ea)& a*ay '$om the lim/id So(l,DDthat lim/id -2. 7==.. 6l55ii &(b&ta 0e i& al&o &e/a$atedDD'$om the 2o*e$ that i& mo$e lim/id tha it,DD-and as. i the 0a&e o' the BodyDDthe &ame $et$ib(tio 0ome& to it !the So(l#DD'$om that 2o*e$ *hi0h too) hold o' it. QKPI. ,o$ to both o' them it !the So(l# i& &t$a %eDDto that lim/id o e a d to the t($bid o e 1DDto the t($bid o e be0a(&e o' the im/($itie&,DD-to. the lim/id o e be0a(&e o' it& $e'i eme t.DD I' the o e i& 'o$ eve$ i itDDthe Body *o(ld be eve$ be&ide it 1DDit doe& 0leave to that *hi0h i& mo$e lim/id tha -it.,DDa d that *hi0h i& mo$e -t($bid. tha it 0leave& to it. QKPII. < ,o$ it i& < < < < ot < the < 2o*e$ o' it& at($eDD . . .

QKPIII. A& 'o$ the I titie& that Ba$dai&a b$o(%ht i DD he i& to be a00(&ed be0a(&e he ta(%htDDthat o e i& heavie$7 tha it& 'ello*DDa d o e i& li%hte$ tha it& 'ello* 1DDhe /(t the evil o e& a& the lo*e$,DDhe /(t the %ood o e& a& the (//e$,DDhe /(t Ki%ht a d Wi d a& 'i e,DD,i$e a d Wate$ a& heavy. QKIQ. I' the lo*e$ o e . . . DDdoe& ot adhe$e to the o e hi%he$ tha it,DD eithe$ doe& Wate$ that i& 0o$/o$ealDD -2. 7=?.-0leave. to ,i$e that i& li%hte$,DD o$ ,i$e to lim/id Wi dDD o$ doe& Wi d 0leave to Ki%ht,DD o$ a y o' them to GodDDWho i& hi%he$ tha all o' them a d mo$e $e'i ed.

K. B(t i' they a$e a00e/table a& '$ie d&,DDall the&e I titie& to o e a othe$,DDtho&e that a$e heavy a d tho&e that a$e li%ht,DD a d /o&&e&& a d a$e /o&&e&&ed by o e a othe$,DDthat Ji%he&t O e *ho %ave them thei$ levelDDdoe& ot t$eat the lo*e&t o e a& alie 1DDa d i' Je t$eat the lo*e&t o e a& alie DDJe 0a ot t$eat the middle o e a& a)i . KI. ,o$ o o e &ide o' the t*o i& *ith himDD*ea) e&& o$ *i0)ed e&& 1DDb(t i' Je be Ivil, ho* i& Je the Good O e "DD a d i' Je be *ea), ho* i& Je the C$eato$ "DDa d i' a& the Good O e Je h(miliated Jim&el'DD( to the middle !I titie&# *hi0h *e$e at &t$i'e, 7:DDall o' them *ith all Je *o(ld have $e0o 0iledDDthat Ji& )i d e&& mi%ht ot &(''e$ lo&&. KII.7= B(t loo) (/o Ma DDa d &ee that all o' them a$e $e0o 0iled FDDhi& heat i& '$om ,i$e,DDhi& 0old '$om Wi d,DDhi& 6l55iii dam/ e&& '$om Wate$,DDhi& d$y e&& '$om the D(&t1DDi the mid&t o' him d*ell& Ki'e,DD0$eative /o*e$ hold& him 'i$m. KIII. A d eve i' the&e !theo$ie&# *e$e &o,DDthat thi %& -2. 7=>.. &ho(ld be &o *o(ld be di''i0(lt,DDa&, i' the$e *e$e I titie&,DDit *o(ld be di''i0(lt that they &ho(ld be made !i to a ythi %#.DDa I tity 0a ot be de&t$oyed,DDa I tity 0a ot be a$$a %ed 1DDi that it i& a I tity it i& i de&t$(0tible,DDi that it i& a I tity it i& ( a$$a %eable. KIP. That C$eato$ Who i& ( ableDDto de&t$oy the I titie& that e5i&tDDby the &ame a alo%y a%ai i& ( ableDDto a$$a %e the I titie& that e5i&t1DD'o$ Je did ot 0$eate the e5i&te 0eDD the$e'o$e Je 0a ot de&t$oy it,DDJe did ot mo$eove$ a$$a %e it& 'i5i %DDthe$e'o$e Je 0a ot ( do it. KP a d KPI.7? A d i' Je 0a ot ( doDDthe e5i&te 0e o' othe$ I titie&,DD!a e5i&te 0e# *hi0h i& bo( d by it& Nat($e,DD the Ma)e$ al&o i& ( ableDDto ma)e a ythi % a d a$$a %e !it#.DD B(t let Jim ma)e the t$ial,DDthe ve$y Ma)e$ '$om Jim&el',DD that a& Je 0a ot be a$$a %edDDthe I titie& 0a ot be made 1DDby thi& mo$eove$ *e &hall ( de$&ta d a&DDthe Body 0o &i&t& by the So(l,DDthe heavy by the /o*e$ o' the li%ht,DDthe So(l al&o i& &imila$ to the BodyDDi $e%a$d to the 2o*e$ that i& mo$e &(btle tha all. KPII a d KPIII.7> A%ai &t them let (& &ay thei$ *o$d&,DD -2. 7=E.. *ho &ay that the St$a %e$DDble* Ji& Ki'e i to the I titie& a d %i$ded them 1DDho* to &t$a %e Ki'eDDa$e the I titie& a)i &o that they lived "DDI' i deed the St$a %e$ ble* Ji& Ki'eDDi to the I titie& &o that they be0ame alive,DDthe So(l ma)e& it&el' a)i to the Body,DDa& Je made Ji& Ki'e a)i to the I titie&DDthat had bee &t$a %e$& to Ji& Ki'e.DDB(t i' by the Ma&te$ the &e$va t& lived,DDho* m(0h mo$e doe& the Body liveDDby the li'e o' the So(l it& 0ollea%(e " KIQ. "Rea&o ," a& they &ay,DD"i& the &t$a %e Keave that i& hidde DDi the So(l," *hi0h i& *itho(t ) o*led%e 1DDto the Body a d Rea&o it i& &t$a %e 4DDI' &o be the the Body 0a otDD0leave to the So(l, bei % ea$thy,DD eithe$ 0a it !the So(l# 0leaveDDto the Rea&o *hi0h i& Divi e. 6l55iv KQ. We have the$e'o$e o 0o te&tDDto e5/la-i . a d /e$&(ade themDDthat a$e th$o* i to the 0o te&t1DDa d *he &t$(%%li % o thei$ behal'DDthei$ &t$(%%le *ill be o o($ behal',DD

'o$ them the labo($ a d 'o$ (& the 0$o* ,DDthat *he a$%(i % o behal' o' the So(lDDthei$ a$%(me t be0ome& !o e# o behal' o' the Body. -2. 7?@.. KQI.7E Ket (& demo &t$ate the$e'o$e all the mo$eDD'$om the 0$eated thi %& that a$e be'o$e (& FDD'o$ lo, ,i$e i& &(btleDDi 0om/a$i&o *ith Wate$ that i& 0o$/o$eal,DD-a d. Wi d -al&o i 0om/a$i&o *ith. Ki%htDDit al&o i& de &e$ tha Ki%ht1DDthe So(l al&o i 0om/a$i&o *ith the BodyDDa& thei$ &ayi % %oe& i& "&(btle"DDa d i 0om/a$i&o *ith Rea&o it i& "0o$/o$eal." KQII. Ket (& demo &t$ate the$e'o$e that allDDNat($e& a$e devo($ed by o e a othe$,DD &(b&ta 0e&' both 0o$/o$eal a d &/i$it(al.DD,o$ oil i& devo($ed by ,lame,DDa d ,lame i& devo($ed by Wi d 1DDa d the oil i& ot /e$0e/tible i ,lameDDa d ,lame i& ot -/e$0e/tible. i Wi d,DD'o$ eve$ythi % i& ea&y to the 2o&&e&&o$ o' all thi %&. KQIII.7@ Wate$ a%ai i& /la0ed i the middleDDbet*ee Wi te$ a d S(mme$,DD&o that i' the 0old be 'ie$0eDDit ma)e& it a bodily &(b&ta 0eDDthat embodie& it i a ha$d 'o$m,DDa d i' the heat be 'ie$0eDDit ma)e& it a &/i$it(al &(b&ta 0eDDthat ab&o$b& it i a &(btle *ay. KQIP. < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

-2.7?;. KQP. -A d i' &o be. that Ba$dai&a &ay&DDthat be0a(&e o' it& *ei%ht it !the Body# $emai & the$ei ,DD'$om the 'i e -&(b&ta 0e. o' the So(l1DDlo, *he the heavy o e de-/a$t&.DD-the$e de/a$t&. al&o the li%ht /a$t,DDli)e a va/o($ -a d a /('' o' ai$ !"# it be0ome&. DDa d li)e a b$eath it i& 'o$ a *hileDDa d 'lie& a*ay li%htly. KQPI. Ko, . . . DDo' the I titie& that Ba$dai&a b$o(%ht 6l55v i ,DD0o$/o$eal o e& a& he &ay&,DDi all ,old& a d Kimbo&00 I' the$e be a y 0o$/o$eal it i& $e'i edDD, . . . 0$eated all a00o$di % to Ji& Will. KQPII. < < < < < < <

KQPIII. Whe the $e&($$e0tio 0ome& to /a&&DDthi& 0ome& to /a&& a& the $e&(lt o' it1DDa d i' eve$y o e had bee $ai&ed . . . DD -/. 7?7.. < < < < < < < KQIQ. . . . i Adam . . . all . . . *e$e dyi %DDtho(%h a& yet they *e$e ot bo$ ,DD'$om the *omb . . . < < < < < < < KQQ. < < < < < < < < < < < < < <

KQQI. The Se0o d Adam al&oDD . . . a d *a& $ai&ed (/ i Sheol,DDJe b$i %& all that a$e -the$e.,DDi Jim they *e$e livi % &e0$etly,DDa d *he thei$ $e&($$e0tio d$e* i%hDDthe$e &/$a % (/o them the voi0e o' .... DDi that a& a dead ma made the livi % dieDDthe voi0e o' $e&($$e0tio ma)e& them alive. KQQII. ,o$ that 'i$&t Tho(&a d DDi& the ty/e o' that la&t

-2. 7?3.. Tho(&a d,DDi that a& the death o' Adam /(t to deathDDall tho&e that that Tho(&a d -had brought to life . . . delive$edDDo e that 'le* a*ay a d o e that *a& $e&0(ed. KQQIII. O($ Ko$d al&o i the la&t Tho(&a dDD$ai&e& the Dead by Ji& $e&($$e0tio DDi that all the Dead a$e 'o( d i Ji& Tho(&a d,DDa d the$e 0ome& the Del(%e o' ,i$eDDi the mid&t o' *hi0h the Wi0)ed &i )DDa d the Ri%hteo(& i it a$e delive$ed 1DDli)e I o0h the livi % -a$e. & at0hed a*ay,DDi the ma e$ o' Noah the Dead a$e $e&0(ed. KQQIP. B(t Ba$dai&a i thi& ha& e$$edDDa d *i&he& to ma)e (& al&o e$$ the$ei ,DDi thi& -he ha& %$eatly %o e a&t$ay 1.DDhe ha& died, a d 0a(&ed all -hi& 0om$ade&. to die.DD" O($ Ko$d al&o, !&ay& he# Who *a& $ai&ed,DD!*hy# did Je ot $ai&e all Bodie&,DDthat a& thei$ ( doi % *a& i AdamDDthei$ $e0o &t$(0tio &ho(ld be by o($ Ko$d " " 6l55vi -2. 7?8.. KQQP. Ko, Adam ot at the mome t DD *he he died a d 'ell did he 0a&t do* eve$ythi %. DD b(t he died i hi& &i DD a d the *o$ld died i the &e te 0e o him 1 DD o($ Ko$d al&o ot at the mome t DD *he Je *a& $ai&ed did Je $ai&e eve$ythi %. DD b(t Je lived by Ji& %lo$io(& a0t& DD a d the *o$ld lived i the /led%e Je %ave. KQQPI. I the ho($ that Adam died a d 'ell DD the ea$th *a& '(ll o' livi % bei %&, DD a d o hi& a00o( t o ly did Death $ei% 1 DD o($ Ko$d al&o %ave li'e o* DD *he Sheol *a& '(ll o' the dead DD o Ji& a00o( t o ly doe& Re&($$e0tio $ei% . DD Death &/$ead '$om o e o all, DD '$om -o e al&o. &/$ead Re&($$e0tio . KQQPII. It did ot &(''i0e Ba$dai&a to loo) DD (/o - the matter from both !"#. &ide& 1 DD o the o e &ide he loo)ed o ly DD a d ot eve o that a& it i&, DD 'o$ hi& eye did ot -&ee. 0lea$ly, DD that *he he *a& de0la$i % abo(t Adam, DD he that ha& &li//ed i o e thi % DD ha& &li//ed i eve$ythi %. KQQPIIK B(t he doe& ot ) o* that that Body DD *hi0h died i Adam the Me&&iah ha& made alive. DD The Nail& bea$ *it e&& to Ji& dyi %. DD the Wat0he$& bea$ *it e&& to Ji& Re&($$e0tio , DD a d the Nail& that 0ame o(t o' the '($ a0e DD have be0ome '($ a0e& ! i.e. te&t&# 'o$ o($ T$(th 1 DD the 'i5i % o' them admo i&hed -2. 7?:.. Thoma& that Je *a& ot DD $ai&ed *ith -". Ji& So(l by Jim&el'. KQQIQ.3; Ba$dai&a i &i&t& that i' &o be DD that the&e Bodie& died i Adam DD it *a& $i%ht 'o$ o($ Ko$d Who 0ame DD that Je &ho(ld $ai&e (/ the Bodie& '$om the %$ave 1 DD b(t i' the Bodie& Je did ot $ai&e, DD it i& 0lea$ that the death o' the So(l DD Adam b$o(%ht i by hi& &i &, DD 'o$ the So(l& *hi0h he b$o(%ht do* to Sheol DD o($ Ko$d b$o(%ht (/ *ith Jim. KQQQ. Je -'i i&.he& hi& *o$d *ith a othe$, DD "'o$ lo," &ay& he, " o($ Ko$d &ay& DD 'Ive$y o e that )ee/eth My *o$d DD death 'o$ eve$ he &hall ot ta&te,' 37 DD a d lo, all tho&e *ho )e/t it have died DD - . . . 33." DD ,o$ he ha& 0o '(&ed a d di&&olved *o$d& DD to the 0o '(&io o' the i e5/e$ie 0ed ea$. 6l55vii

KQQQI. A d -the. *o$d the a$%(me t o' *hi0h i& &omethi % el&eDDhe ma)e& i to &t('' 'o$ hi& a$%(me t,DD'o$ he 0o &ide$ed abo(t thi& &ame deathDDthat the So(l& *hi0h a$e hi de$ed i eve$y /la0eDDi all de/th& a d Kimbo& 3800a d that "have )e/t the *o$d o' o($ Ko$d,"DD . . . '$om *ithi the Body,DD a$e e5alted to the B$idal 0hambe$ o' Ki%ht4 KQQQII. A00o$di % to the do0t$i e o' Ba$dai&a DDthe Death that Adam b$o(%ht i DD*a& a hi d$a 0e to So(l&DDi -2. 7?=. that they *e$e hi de$ed at the C$o&&i %D/la0eDDbe0a(&e the &i o' Adam hi de$ed them,DD"a d the Ki'e," he -&ay&., "that o($ Ko$d b$o(%ht i DDi& that Je ta(%ht ve$ity a d a&0e ded,DDa d -b$o(%ht. them a0$o&& i to the Ki %dom." KQQQIII. "The$e'o$e," he &ay&, "o($ Ko$d ta(%ht (&DD that 'eve$y o e that )ee/eth My Wo$dDDdeath 'o$ eve$ he &hall ot ta&te,'DDthat hi& So(l i& ot hi de$edDD*he it 0$o&&e& at the C$o&&i %D/la0eDDli)e the hi d$a 0e o' oldDD*he$e*ith the So(l& *e$e hi de$edDDbe'o$e o($ Savio($ had 0ome. KQQQIP. Je i& 0a(%ht i o e o' t*o thi %& FDDi that eve$y o e that )e/t the Wo$d o' o($ Ko$dDD!a d# died be'o$e o($ Ko$d 1 . . . DDb(t i' he i& hi de$ed at the C$o&&i %D/la0eDDhi& &o(l ha& ta&ted Death,DDa d i' he had 0$o&&ed the C$o&&i %D/la0eDD *hat i& that *hi0h he &aid abo(t o($ Ko$d.DDthat Je had 0$o&&ed it 'i$&t o' all " KQQQP.3: ,o$ i' KaNa$(& *he he diedDDhad %o e (/ to the B$idalD0hambe$ o' Ki%htDDa i +($y 3= o($ Ko$d did himDDi that Je t($ ed him ba0) to hi& body the 2$i&o Dho(&e 1 DDa d that *hi0h o($ Ko$d *a& &ayi %DDto Ma$tha, that "Thy B$othe$ &hall $i&e," 3?DD'$om *he 0e the did Je &ay he -2.7??. &ho(ld $i&eDD'$om the hei%ht, o$ '$om the dee/ " KQQQPI. A& a 2hy&i0ia Je did +(&tlyDDi that &i the 6l55viii b$i %e$ o' /ai &DDJe *a& $ooti % o(t '$om ma )i d 1DD'o$ that 2$imal Se$/e tDDhad bitte the 2$imal AdamDD ot *ith teeth b(t *ith advi0e,DDJe 3> too healed the *o( dDD*ith 0omma d& a d ot *ith d$(%&. KQQQPIK I' the So(l it *a& Je 0ame to tea0hDDa00o$di % to thei$ *o$d it *o(ld be $i%htDDthat the So(l& i Sheol Je &ho(ld tea0hDDthat they &ho(ld ot &teal o$ 0ommit ad(lte$y 1DDa d i' i Sheol it i& ot 'o$ So(l&DDto le d o$ be i debt, the DDto BodyDa dD So(l i it& 0o te&tDDJe 0ome& to 0o B(e$ a d to 0$o* . KQQQPIII.3E A e5am/le Je de/i0tedDDa d a li)e e&& Je im/$e&&edDDa d a mi$$o$ Je 'i5ed by Ji& Body,DDthat *a& vi0to$io(& a d ta&ted &(''e$i %DDa d *a& $ai&ed a d /(t o %lo$y 1DD a d Je ta(%ht that eve$y o e *ho th(&DD0o d(0t& him&el' i& -2. 7?>.. th(& %lo$i'iedDDa d he that 'i%ht& th(& 0o B(e$&DDa d he that 0o B(e$& th(& i& 0$o* ed. KQQQIQ.3@ Adam, too, by him Je de/i0tedDDa e5am/le 'o$ eve$y o e to loo) at,DDthat he &i ed a d *a& &o$$y a d b$o(%ht to 0o '(&io DDa d *a& 0($&ed a d *e t 'o$th a d *a& b$o(%ht lo*DDa d de/a$ted a d *a& ( do e a d de&t$oyed,DD a d Je ta(%ht that eve$y o e *ho&e &(//o$t i& *i0)ed e&& DDeve hi& /$o'it i& lo&&. QC.8; I both *o$ld& he i& mo0)ed at,DDi both *o$ld& he 0a$$ie& di&%$a0e FDDby the &te/& that Adam *e t do* ,DDby them it *a& o($ Ko$d b$o(%ht him (/.DDI the be%i i % Je %ave him ve$ityDDi &tead o' the 'al&ehood that the Se$/e t %ave him,DD i the e d Je %ave

him Ki'eDDi &tead o' Death that the T$ee %ave1DDJe 0o +oi ed *ith him hi& li'e,DDthe eB(ilib$i(m o' *hi0h Death had divided. QCI. Seei % that o' all Bodie& that dieDDthe Body o' o($ Ko$d $o&e o lyDDBa$dai&a e$$ed a d &(//o&edDDthat it *a& the So(l& that o($ Ko$d $ai&ed (/,DDa d he did ot 0o &ide$ that the death al&o o' AdamDDhad $ei% ed i Adam 'i$&t,DD 6l55i5 a d th(& a'te$ i e h( d$ed yea$&DDthe leave o' it had &/$ead i all %e e$atio &. QCII. O($ Ko$d al&o *he Je *a& $ai&ed (/DDi Jim Ki'e -2. 7?E.. $ei% ed 'i$&t,DDli)e the Death that $ei% ed i Adam 1DDa d a& *ith Adam a'te$ a /e$iodDDhi& Death $ei% ed ove$ all,DDo($ Ko$d al&o a'te$ a timeDDJi& Re&($$e0tio *a& $ei% i % ove$ all,DD that the (&($ie& /aid mi%ht be li)e to o e a othe$. QCIII.87 Ji& Keave that ma)e& all alive &/$eadDDi all the l(m/ o' the DeadDDthat, lo, i& ) eaded i the bo&om o' Sheol,DD &o that i' a'te$ i e h( d$ed yea$&DDthe Keave o' Death $ei% ed i (&,DDlo, a'te$ a littleDDJi& livi % Keave *ill 0o B(e$ mo$tality. QCIP.83 A d o* i' &o be thi& &(''i0e&,DDa& al&o it doe& &(''i0e,DDthi& a$%(me t o' o($& ha& bee &/o)e DDabo(t the Body a d abo(t it& Re&($$e0tio 1DDthe $e&t o' the di&0o($&e o' it *hi0h $emai &,DDthe matte$ o' it &hall be o($& 'o$ a othe$ day,DDthat *e may %ai by o($ di&/(tatio DDdi&0ove$ie& abo(t o($ ,aith. QCP. Whe$e he ha& 'alle *e have $i&e ,DDa d *he$e he ha& &li//ed *e have bee &t$e %the ed,DDa d *he$e he 'ailed *e &eemDDto have a0B(i$ed the 'o$t( e& o' Adam,DDi that *i0)ed e&& $(led ove$ Jim i the be%i i %,DDDeath $(led ove$ -2. 7?@. him i the e d,DDi that hi& Body a d hi& So(l &i ed to%ethe$DDDeath divided hi& eB(ilib$i(m. QCPI. I %ive tha )& to Thee, my Ko$d,DDthat Tho( ha&t ot &ti ted me, o$ ha&t Tho( 'illed me FDDTho( ha&t ot &ti ted me that I may %$o*,DDa d Tho( ha&t ot 'illed me, &o that I may a&).DDSatiety ) o*& ot ho* to a&),DDa d h( %e$ 0ea&e& ot to be% 1DDTho( ha&t &ati&'ied me to abate my h( %e$,DDTho( ha&t made me h( %$y to a*a)e my &(//li0atio . IND O, DISCOURSI AGAINST BARDAISAN.

Note '$om Pol. 7 I t$od(0tio , /. !7;#F -Short lacunae are indicated in the translation by dots, and longer gaps by asterisks, but in neither case is the number of the dots or asterisks intended to bear any e#act relation to the number of the missing words. In respect to this an appro#imately correct inference may be drawn by consulting the Syriac te#t. $ouble inverted commas mark %uotations where the original has -Sy$ia0. Single inverted commas are used in numerous cases where the words seem to be %uotations or to belong to a special terminology.

"ords in italics inside s%uare brackets are to be regarded as con&ectural translations or paraphrases. In a few passages, where the te#t has suffered great mutilation, italics indicate an attempt to summarise the argument from suggestions in the fragments.. -2.7;7. i di0ate& /a%e 7;7 o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -l.3. mea & li e 3 o' the 0($$e t /a%e o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -R2.

,OOTNOTIS I have moved the footnotes to the end. 'hose consisting of ()ead [syriac for [syriac ( or similar have been omitted, as it has not been possible to transcribe the fragments of Syriac. 'he pages are numbered with )oman numerals. *rabic numbers and line numbers relate to the Syriac te#t printed at the back of the paper volume. +reek te#t is rendered using the Scholars ,ress S,Ionic font, free from here. 7. 7 The %e e$al met$i0al &0heme o' thi& /ie0e i& a &ta Na o' ei%ht li e& o' &eve &yllable& ea0h, b(t &eve$al &ta Na& have a li e too 'e* o$ too ma y a d th$ee li e& a$e a &yllable too &ho$t !5 E, lii 7, 50iv 7#. 3. : -it. ''($ a0e,' a& i l55viii =, ?, a d el&e*he$e. 8. 3 -it. '$oot.' :. 8 Sta Na 5, 7. E, ha& o ly &i5 &yllable&. =. 3 -it. ''($ a0e' F &ee l55viii = '. ?. 8 K()e 55iv 8@. >. 3 Sta Na& 555iD5lii a$e /$e&e$ved al&o i the (//e$ *$iti % o' B.M. Add. 7:?38 F &ee I t$od(0tio . E. 7 B.M. 7>7@8 0o tai & St. 555iiiD5lii, a d B.M. Add. 7:>87 0o tai & St. 555iiiD555vi, 5liD5lii. @. 3 Si e$. %(ilty, 7:>87. 7;. 8 555v 8, a d by that )illi % o' Ma , 7>7@8. :, Abel *a& the 'i$&t )illed o e, 7>7@8. 77. : Sta Na 555vi i& le%ible i the 2alim/&e&t, e50e/t the 'i$&t li e1 it i& /$e&e$ved i the (//e$ *$iti %, al&o i B.M. Add. 7>7@8 a d 7:>87, *hi0h 0ome '$om a othe$ e5em/la$. Set i all the&e the &ta Na ha& o ly &eve li e&. The$e'o$e &ome o' the othe$ &ta Na&,

/$e&e$ved o ly i the 2alim/&e&t, *hi0h have le&& tha the ei%ht li e&, a$e /$obably i$$e%(la$ o*i % to the a(tho$, ot to a de'e0t i the t$a &mi&&io . 73. = 555vii 7. Je. God, 7>7@8 !( met$i0ally#. 78. 7 See Pol. I, /. 0iv, a d the Co$$i%e da i thi& vol(me. 7:. 3 -it. 'had bee a %$y' !-Sy$ia0., sic.#, /. 7=?, 7. 8;. 7=. 8 Omit -Sy$ia0. (sic), /. .7=?, 7. 8:, &o that Sta Na lii, li e 7, ha& o ly &i5 &yllable& F &ee the Note at the be%i i % o' thi& Di&0o($&e. 7?. 7 Sta Na& lv a d lvi to%ethe$ have o ly 'o($tee li e&. 7>. 3 Sta Na& lvii a d lviii to%ethe$ have o ly thi$tee li e&. 7E. 7 Sta Na l5i ha& i e li e&. 7@. 3 Sta Na l5iii ha& o ly &eve li e&. 3;. 7 Sta Na l55i5 ha& i e li e&. 37. : Roh viii =7 '. 33. = I 0a ot t$a &late thi& li e, /. 7?:, 7. 3:. 38. 7 ,o$ the ' Seve Kimbo&,' &ee /. 3;:, 7. :: '. 3:. = Sta Na& l555viD50iv a$e /$e&e$ved al&o i the (//e$ *$iti % F &ee I t$od(0tio . 3=. ? i +($y.Tthe 7:?38 !( met$i0ally#. 3?. > Roh 5i 38. 3>. 7 Je. o($ Ko$d, 7:?38 !( met$i0ally#. 3E. 3 Sta Na l555viii i& al&o /$e&e$ved i B.M. Add. 737== a d 7:=83, *itho(t va$iatio , e50e/t that 737== $ead& 'Je was' 'o$ 'that *a&' i l. :. Sta Na l555viii ha& i e li e& i all 'o($ 0o/ie&. 3@. 8 Sta Na l555i5 ha& o ly &eve li e&. 8;. : Sta Na 50 ha& te li e&. 87. 7 Sta Na 50iii ha& o ly &eve li e&.

83. 3 The 'i$&t li e o' Sta Na 50iv !othe$*i&e a $e%(la$ o e o' ei%ht li e&# ha& a &yllable &ho$tF &ee the Note at the be%i i % o' thi& Di&0o($&e.

This text was transcribed by Roger Pearse, Ipswich, UK, 12th September 2002. !! materia! on this page is in the p"b!ic domain # copy $ree!y. %ree& text is rendered "sing the Scho!ars Press SPIonic $ont, $ree $rom here.

Ia$ly Ch($0h ,athe$& Additio al Te5t&

S. Ephraim's Prose Refutations of Mani, Marcion and Bardaisan. Transcribed from the Palimpsest B.M. Add. 14 !" b# $. %. M&T$'E((, M.A., *olume 1 +1,1!-. Second 0iscourse to '#patius a9ainst Mani and Marcion and Bardaisan.

T'E SE$140 +0&S$12RSE- T1 '3PAT&2S A7A&4ST MA4& A40 MAR$&14 A40 BAR0A&SA4
The &el'D0o t$adi0tio & i Tea0hi %.

KOOK7 at thi& Tea0hi % i telli%e tly ho* it i& de&t$oyed by it&el', a d $e'(ted by it& o* at($e, a d ( ma&)ed by it& o* 0ha$a0te$1 it& 0o dem atio i& '$om it a d i it. A d +(&t a& the ve$y *o$d& o' the &e$va t& %ave the ve$di0t a%ai &t them be'o$e the Ko$d o' the Pi eya$d, &o al&o the ve$y *o$d& o' thi& Tea0hi % %ive the ve$di0t o' thei$ 0o dem atio be'o$e *i&e Jea$e$&.
Ma i'&

Da$) e&& 0o(ld ot have had a /a&&io 'o$ Ki%ht.

,o$ he ha& &et a di''i0(lt be%i i % ove$ a%ai &t a 0o '(&ed e di %, thi %& *hi0h &t$ive *ith o e a othe$ that it may be ) o* that ot o e o' them i& t$(e. ,o$ at the be%i i % he &aid that the Da$) e&& ha& a lo %i % 2a&&io 'o$ the Ki%ht1 *hi0h i& ot at($al 'o$ thi& Da$) e&& *hi0h i& vi&ible, i a&m(0h a& eve thi& Da$) e&& *hi0h i& vi&ible to (& i&, a& they &ay, -2. 3, l. 8.. o' the &ame at($e a& that *hi0h i& i vi&ible to (&. Set thi& Da$) e&& 0e$tai ly 'lee& '$om be'o$e the Ki%ht a& '$om it& o//o&ite, a d 0e$tai ly doe& ot ma)e a A&&a(lt (/o it a& (/o *hat i& /lea&a t to it. Behold o e a$%(me t i 'avo($ o' thei$ 0o dem atio , a a$%(me t d$a* '$om the at($e o' thi %& i %e e$al. Jea$, a%ai , a othe$ a$%(me t a%ai &t them '$om thei$ &0$i/t($e. I' the Da$) e&& ve$ily lo %ed /a&&io ately 'o$ the Ki%ht be0a(&e the Ki%ht &oothed it, ho* do they &ay that the Ki%ht i& it& o//o&ite a d 'i ally it& to$t($e$ " A d i' Ki%ht i& a Ileme t *hi0h i& de&i$able a d att$a0tive to Da$) e&&, ho* i& the$e /$od(0ed '$om that /lea&a t Nat($e &omethi % *hi0h i& bitte$ to Da$) e&& " ,o$ the &*eet e&& o' o($ /la0e bea$& *it e&& that bitte$ e&& i& ot ta&ted i it& mid&t. - The 2$i&o 'o$ Da$) e&& ot b(ilt '$om Da$) e&&. .B(t i' that 2$i&o Dho(&e, 6555 the to$me to$ o' Da$) e&&, i& b(ilt (/ '$om the Nat($e o' the Domai o' Da$) e&&, a Nat($e 0a ot to$t($e it&el'. ,o$ 'i$e doe&

No$ doe& Ki%ht 'i ally im/$i&o Da$) e&&.

ot b($ it&el'. A d i' the Da$) e&& i& to$t($ed by *hat belo %& to it&el'9a otio di''i0(lt to a00e/t9the Good, too, i& ot at $e&t i it& /la0e, a d the matte$ i& 'o( d to be /$e/o&te$o(&, ! amely#, that eve$y I tity *hi0h i& i it& o* /la0e i& i a %(i&h, b(t -2. 8, l. @.. i the /la0e o' it& O//o&ite it i& at $e&t. ,o$ i' all Da$) e&& alto%ethe$ *ith all that i& i it i& o e I tity all ali)e, it i& ot o//o&ed to it& o* at($e 1 +(&t a& a *ol' doe& ot o//o&e it&el' o$ a lio it&el'.
No$ '$om the Good Realm. Jo* 0o(ld BV , ma)e that G$ave 'o$ Da$) e&&" C'. //. 5lvii., l55v.

B(t i' '$om the Domai o' Good that 2$i&o Dho(&e i& b(ilt (/ 'o$ Da$) e&&, ho* i& it& e +oyme t 0ha %ed to it& to$me t " ,o$ lo, it i& a Nat($e *hi0h i& ( 0ha %eably /lea&a t. ",o$ the A$0hite0t a d B(ilde$ o' that G$ave," a& thei$ a00o( t &ay&, "i& o e9*ho&oeve$ he may be, *ho&e ame i& BUN9*ho i the day& o' hi& adve$&ity be0ame the 'a&hio e$ o' the G$ave o' the Da$) e&&." A d ho* '$om that o e I tity, &i 0e it i& &i %le, doe& the$e 0ome both b(ilde$, a d that *hi0h i& b(ilt, a d '$om it the G$ave a d '$om it the Ia$th o *hi0h the G$ave i& b(ilt " ,o$ thi& i& 'o( d !to be the 0a&e# *ith thi& ea$th o' o($& that eve$ythi % 0ome& '$om the ea$th it&el', both he *ho ma)e& a d that *hi0h i& made1 'o$ &i 0e it *a& ot 0$eated o(t o' Nat($e& a d I titie& it i& 0ha %eable i to a ythi % a& -2. :, l. =.. the *o$d o' the Ma)e$ 0omma d&. -I' the &to e& 'o$ the 2$i&o 0ome '$om the Ki%htD Realm they m(&t &(''e$ *he 0(t.. B(t i' all tho&e thi %& a$e o e Nat($e a d '$om o e %ood I tity, ho* 0a it be divided (/ " A d ho* *he that Nat($e i& 0(t doe& it ot &(''e$ " A d do ot they *ho a$e ot eve *illi % to b$ea) b$ead le&t "they /ai the Ki%ht *hi0h i& mi5ed *ith it," /ai it i 0(tti % a d he*i % the&e Sto e& 1 a d i' the Ki%ht &(''e$& i the b$ea)i % o' b$ead, ho* m(0h mo$e doe& it &(''e$ i the 0(tti % a d he*i % o' it& membe$& 4 A d i' it be a Ia$th i *hi0h the$e i& o &e &atio , a d they be Sto e& i *hi0h the$e i& o 'eeli %, ho* i& it that, tho(%h it i& o e Nat($e a d o e I tity, '$om it the$e 0ome &/ea)i % So(l& a d al&o dea'D m(te Sto e&" -C'. /. QQQP. l. 83..The$e'o$e, the$e i& ot o e homo%e eo(& I&&e 0e, b(t ma y ( li)e o e a othe$. A d i' o a00o( t o' thei$ m(te 0o ditio , they do ot 'eel *he they a$e 0(t, behold al&o thi& Ki%ht bei % o' the &ame at($e i& mi %led *ith the&e thi %& i a m(te 0o ditio . 6555iWhy, the$e'o$e, do they ot b$ea) a d 0(t them, &eei % that thi& -2. =.. !Ki%ht# doe& ot 'eel " B(t i' they do ot 0(t it le&t they &ho(ld /ai it, *ith thei$ teeth they 0a(&e it to &(''e$ m(0h mo$e *he they eat it, a d *ith thei$ bellie& *he they 0o 'i e it the$e. B(t i' he *ho '$amed the Body i& evil, a& they bla&/hemo(&ly &ay 9a d thi& God 'o$bid, it i& ot &o9i' the Da$) e&& 0o t$ived to '$ame that Body to be a 2$i&o Dho(&e 'o$ the So(l that it mi%ht ot %o 'o$th the 0e, it *o(ld ot be di''i0(lt 'o$ him to ) o* '$om thi& that the $e'i i % ,($ a0e *hi0h he '$amed i +($ed him a d $e'i e& the Ki%ht. B(t i' it e&0a/ed hi& oti0e at the be%i i % he 0o(ld, o* that e5/e$ie 0e ha& ta(%ht him, de&t$oy hi& '$ami % a d ma)e a othe$ Body, ot o e that &e/a$ate& !the Ki%ht#, b(t o e that im/$i&o &1 ot o e that $e'i e&, b(t o e that be'o(l&1 ot o e that /($i'ie&, b(t o e that de'ile& 1 a d ot o e that ma)e& $oom 'o$ the Ki%ht !to e&0a/e#, b(t o e that detai & the Ki%ht. I' thi& ma)i % o' the Body $eally belo %& to him (i.e., the Ivil O e#, the hi& *o$) 0o vi 0e& (& 0o 0e$ i % him that he i& a *i&e a d &)il'(l Ma)e$, he *ho mi%ht have made ve&&el& alie to the Clea &i % o' the Ki%ht. -2. ?.. B(t i' he mi%ht have made them &o a d yet did ot &o ma)e them, hi& *o$)ma &hi/ i& &(''i0ie t to e5tol him a d to /(t to &hame tho&e *ho 'al&ely a00(&e him.

O Ma i'& do0t$i e that the Body *a& made by the Ivil O e.

I' the So(l ha& the &ame at($e a& Ki%ht, it *o(ld be $e'i ed a d &e t (/ a& the Ki%ht.

No* *i&e /hy&i0ia & /$ove to (&9a d the limb& *ith the vei & bea$ them *it e&&9that the /o*e$ o' 'ood /e$vade& the body. B(t i' the Ki%ht i& $e'i ed little by little a d %oe& o(t, it i& 0lea$ that it i& a Nat($e *hi0h i& di&&olved a d &0atte$ed. A d &o i' the So(l i& o' the &ame at($e, ho* doe& it too ot %o o(t i the Re'i i % " ,o$ it m(&t be that the Nat($e o' the So(l it&el' i& 0a/able o' di&&ol(tio +(&t a& the Nat($e o' Ki%ht a&. Jo*. i& it that the Ki%ht %oe& o(t *hile the So(l $emai & " a d *ho %ave to the So(l thi& i di&&ol(ble 'i5ity " I' thi& belo %& to it& at($e, ho* i& thi& Ileme t /a$tly 'i5ed a d /a$tly ot, /a$tly di&&olvable a d 0a/able o' bei % &0atte$ed, /a$tly 'i5ed a d ma&&ed to%ethe$ " ,o$ i' the Nat($e *a& a 'i5ed o e '$om it& be%i i %, the So & o' Da$) e&& *he they ate it9i' they ate it9 *o(ld ot be able to di&&olve it& Nat($e. ,o$ +(&t a& they 0o(ld ot a ihilate it& Bei % &o that it &ho(ld o lo %e$ be i e5i&te 0e9'o$ lo, it i& i e5i&te 0e9&o they *o(ld be ( able to di&&olve the 'i5ity o' it& Bei %. -2. >.. The&e &tateme t&, the , 0a 6555ii be made *itho(t e5ami atio , b(t o e5ami atio they 0a ot &ta d. A d i' they &ay that that Ivil O e 'i5ed the So(l i the mid&t o' the Body, i o$de$ that it mi%ht be im/$i&o ed, ho* the did he ot 'i5 that Ki%ht, *hi0h i& '$e'i ed a d %oe& o(t,' &o that it 0o(ld ot %o o(t " A d ho* did he 'i5 a Nat($e *hi0h i& i 0a/able o' bei % 'i5ed " ,o$ *ho i& able to 'i5 the Nat($e o' 'i$e to /$eve t it& bei % divided i the 'lame o' a lam/ " A d altho(%h 'i$e i& ama&&ed, it 0a be divided be0a(&e it ha& ot a 'i5ed at($e. B(t a $ay o' the &( a ma 0a ot divide be0a(&e it i& 'i5ed th$o(%h a d th$o(%h i a i di&&ol(ble at($e. B(t, i' by $ea&o o' the e t$a 0e o' the So(l i to the Body *hi0h 0a be 0o 'i ed, that !So(l# *a& 0o 'i ed *hi0h *a& ot 0o 'i ed !be'o$e#, ho* i& it that that Ki%ht, *hi0h, they &ay, i& '$e'i ed a d de/a$t&,' *a& ot 0o 'i ed alo % *ith it& )i &ma *ho *a& 0o 'i ed the$e !i the Body# " A d i' it ha& &el'D) o*led%e be0a(&e it i& 0olle0ted to%ethe$ a d 'i5ed, it i& 0lea$ that tho&e 2a$t& *hi0h a$e ot 'i5ed a$e dea'Dm(te& *itho(t ) o*led%e, a d &ile t *itho(t &/ee0h, -2. E.. a d B(iet *itho(t motio . A d it i& i thi& 0o e0tio that Ba$dai&a , the tea0he$ o' Ma i, i& 'o( d to &/ea) *ith &(btlety, *he he &aid that o' &eve 2a$t& the So(l *a& 0om/o&ed a d 'i5ed 1 tho(%h he i& $e'(ted a& *ell. ,o$ the (me$o(& 2a$t& *hi0h the So(l %athe$& a d 0olle0t&, ma)e !/o&&ible# ma y a mi5i % o' the &eve 2a$t& *itho(t /$o/e$ $e%(latio . A d be0a(&e it doe& ot $e0eive i eB(al *ei%ht '$om all the 'ood& the 2a$t& o' all the Co &tit(te t&, it may ha//e that the &0ale o' o e o' the Co &tit(e t& may /$e/o de$ate a d ove$*helm the $e&t o' it& 0om/a io & 1 a d thi& ab( da 0e o' o e i& the 0a(&e o' the di&t($ba 0e o' all the Co &tit(e t&. A d '$om the Body *hi0h i& *itho(t it i& /o&&ible to lea$ abo(t the So(l *hi0h i& *ithi , ! amely#, that *he eve$ o e o' it& Co &tit(te t& /$e/o de$ate& o a00o( t o' the B(a tity o' o e o' the 'ood&, the i +($y $ea0he& the *hole &y&tem. B(t the &/i$it(al 0ha$a0te$ o' A %el& /$ove& that thei$ at($e $e0eive& othi % mo$e 1 a d ot o ly a$e tho&e holy bei %& e5alted above thi&, -2.@.. b(t eve i the 0a&e o' ( 0lea devil& thei$ at($e $e0eive& o additio to a d &(''e$& o lo&& '$om *hat it a0t(ally i& 1 o$ i& the at($e o' the &( eve$ mo$e o$ le&& tha 6555iii*hat it i&. ,o$ the&e thi %&, a d tho&e that a$e li)e them, a$e /e$'e0t Nat($e&, &i 0e at all time& the !t$(e# bala 0e o' thei$ at($al 0ha$a0te$ i& mai tai ed. B(t *he a ythi % ha& eithe$ too little o$ too m(0h, eithe$ i 0$ea&e& o$

Jo* 0o(ld the Ivil O e 'i5 the So(l i the Body"

O Ba$dai&a '& tea0hi % that the So(l i& 0om/o&ed o' &eve Co &tit(e t&.

dimi i&he&, eithe$ i& le&&e ed o$ %$o*& *ea), it& at($e i& de&t$(0tible by it& 0$eatio 1 tho(%h eve ove$ tho&e Nat($e& *hi0h a$e ot de&t$(0tible the$e $(le& that Will *hi0h made them i de&t$(0tible. B(t *e have ot 0ome to &ti$ (/ o* the mi$e o' Ba$dai&a 1 'o$ the 'o(l e&& o' Ma i i& B(ite &(''i0ie t. ,o$ behold o($ to %(e i& ve$y ea%e$ to 0o 0l(de at o 0e a d 'lee '$om him. B(t i' tho&e Nat($e& *hi0h *e$e me tio ed above a$e /e$'e0t tho(%h made, ho* m(0h mo$e m(&t the !Ite$ al# I&&e 0e be /e$'e0t i it& Bei % 4
The ab&($dity o' Ma i'& tea0hi % abo(t t*o 'Root&.'

Thi& do0t$i e o' madme , the , /$o0laim& a I5i&te 0e *hi0h i& de'i0ie t i eve$ythi %, a d thi& it& de'i0ie 0y $e'(te& tho&e *ho /$o0laim it. ,o$ they have /(t to%ethe$ t*o Root& *ith /$e/o&te$o(& $ea&o i %, b(t they a$e di&&olved *ith &t$ai%ht'o$*a$d $ea&o i %. -2. 7;, l. =.. ,o$ i' a &tateme t i& made *itho(t ) o*led%e, it i& $e0ti'ied by &o( d ) o*led%e 1 a d *hoeve$ /(t& o 0o te tio(& e&& i& &t$i//ed ba$e by the /e$&(a&ive a$%(me t& o' T$(th. ,o$ they have /$o'e&&edly &et 'o$th t*o Root&, tho(%h o i ve&ti%atio it i& 'o( d that the$e a$e ma y. -,o$ ho* 0a they /$od(0e o''&/$i % ( li)e them&elve& " . ,o$ he i t$od(0e& bi$th& a d %e e$atio & *hi0h a$e the o//o&ite o' o e a othe$. B(t, that tho(%h thi& I tity i& o e, the$e &ho(ld be '$om it bi$th& !*hi0h a$e# the o//o&ite o' it& at($e9thi& i& ot /lea&i % to the ea$ o' T$(th. ,o$ ho* 0a that Ileme t b$i % 'o$th a ythi % 'o$ei% to it&el' " I the 0a&e o' 0$eatio '$om othi %, thi& 0a be 1 b(t i the 0a&e o' a 'bo( d e&&e tial Nat($e ' the$e i& o !&(0h# mea & 1 above all !it i& im/o&&ible#, *he it (i.e. the Nat($e# i& o e a d othe$ I titie& a$e ot mi5ed *ith it. Je ha& &et 'o$th, the$e'o$e, a I tity *hi0h i& immo$tal tho(%h the 0hild$e *hom it b$i %& 'o$th '$om it&el' a$e mo$tal. A d *he 0e did mo$tality &/$i % (/ i the '$(it tho(%h it *a& ot mi5ed i the $oot '$om *hi0h it 0ame " A d ho* doe& a -2. 77.. Nat($e *hi0h i& ot 0om/o&ite b$i % 'o$th bodie& *hi0h a$e 0om/o&ite, *hi0h have bee 0o 'i ed a d )illed " Tho( ha&t hea$d thi& 'ooli&h e&& 1 0ome hea$ o e that i& %$eate$ &till. "Whe the 2$imal Ma ," he &ay&, "h( ted the So & o' Da$) e&& he 'layed them, a d made thi& &)y '$om thei$ 6555iv&)i &, a d o(t o' thei$ e50$eme t he 0om/a0ted the Ia$th, a d &ome o' thei$ bo e&, too, he melted, a d $ai&ed a d /iled (/ the mo( tai &,"9*e tha ) him that hi& 'al&ehood i& $evealed9 "&i 0e the$e i& i them, a Mi5t($e a d a Mi %li % o' the Ki%ht *hi0h *a& &*allo*ed by them i the be%i i %." ,o$ hi& &ole /($/o&e i &t$et0hi % them o(t a d a$$a %i % them *a&, that by mea & o' the $ai a d de* *hateve$ *a& &*allo*ed by them mi%ht be /($%ed o(t, a d that the$e mi%ht be a Se/a$atio a d Re'i i % o' the Nat($e& '$om o e a othe$. O ho* 'ooli&h a *o$)ma *a& thi& 4 B(t /e$ha/& he *a& a lea$ e$, *ho had ot yet $ea0hed e5/e$ie 0e i *o$)ma &hi/. ,o$ i' the$e had bee *i e !to /($i'y# *o(ld he ot have ) o* ho* to ma)e a &t$ai e$ " A d i' the$e had bee &ilve$ o$ 0o//e$ !to $e'i e#, *o(ld he ot have ) o* ho* to a$$a %e a '($ a0e " -2. 73, l. :. ,o$ by mea & o' the&e i &t$(me t& *hi0h the *i&dom o' mo$tal& ha& 0o t$ived, the d$e%& 0a ea&ily be &e/a$ated '$om the /($e a d the d$o&& '$om the &ilve$. B(t thi& *o$)ma , eve a'te$ ma y yea$&, ha& ot a0B(i$ed i telli%e 0e o$ a'te$

O$ mo$tal bei %& &/$i % '$om a immo$tal Ileme t "

Ma i'& Tea0hi % abo(t the ma)i % o' the Wo$ld.

I' it *e$e t$(e, the Ma)e$ *o(ld be 'ooli&h o$ i e5/e$ie 0ed.

i (me$able e5/e$ime t& ha& he bee able to ) o* *hat i& e0e&&a$y 'o$ hi& *o$)ma &hi/, that i& to &ay, ho* to em/loy &(0h 0om/e dio(& 3 method&. B(t he made the &)y a &t$ai e$ *hi0h i& (&ele&& all &(mme$, a d eve i *i te$ it doe& ot $e'i e eve$y day 1 b(t i the $emote &o(th it i& ot eve , a little moi&te ed. Pe$y &t(/idly a$$a %ed, too, i& the hollo* o' thi& 'ilte$ 1 'o$ i' *hat i& /($e de&0e d& to the ea$th, the the d$e%& a$e le't above i the &)y. A d thi& /e$'o$ma 0e i& the $eve$&e o' the $i%ht o e, i that the /($e de&0e d& to the bodily &/he$e *hile the d$e%& $emai behi d i the &/i$it(al &/he$e. B(t a& 'o$ the othe$ &tateme t&, ho* a d *hat they &ay abo(t the S o*, a& they a$e B(ite '(tile, let them be %athe$ed *ithi a 0ove$i % o' &ile 0e.
Ma i tea0he& that the *hole o' 0$eatio '$e'i e&.'

"Mo$eove$," !he &ay&# "he (i.e., 2$imal Ma # made t$ee& to be ,($ a0e&." Set they do ot at all time& &e/a$ate '$(it '$om the d(&t a d thei$ /$od(0e '$om the &oil1 a d al&o 0o$ 'ield& !a$e &aid to be '($ a0e&# 1 a d yet they do ot 0o ti (ally d$a* (/ li'e '$om the ea$th. A d i', a& they tea0h, a Re'i i % %oe& 6 555v(/ '$om the o''al o' the A$0ho &, -2. 78, l.73. the the %$eate$ /a$t o' that &*allo*ed Ki%ht i& %oi % 'o$th by mea & o' the o''al o' the A$0ho & *ho &*allo*ed it. S(0h i& the /oll(ted tea0hi % *hi0h $e'i e& the 2a$t& o' it& God '$om the mid&t o' o''al4 B(t i', a& &ome o' them &ay, +(&t a& a &e$/e t ha& a SheathD&)i , &o o(t o' the SheathD&)i & o' the So & o' Da$) e&& the &)y a d the ea$th a d the $e&t o' 0$eated thi %& *e$e made, let them ) o* that the /$oo' *hi0h they o''e$ &ta d& a%ai &t them. ,o$ the$e 0a ot be li'ele&& SheathD&)i & '$om, thi %& *hi0h i thei$ at($e a$e immo$tal. ,o$ a& the li'ele&& SheathD&)i o' the &e$/e t 0o vi 0e& a y o e that the &e$/e t al&o i& mo$tal, a d i li)e ma e$ divi&ible, 0a/able i li)e ma e$ o' bei % di&i te%$ated a d de&t$oyed. A d a& the SheathD&)i o' the &e$/e t /$ove& that it& at($e i& de&t$(0tible, &o al&o the -2. 7:.. SheathD&)i o' Da$) e&& /$ove& that Da$) e&& i& mo$tal too. ,o$ a thi % that i& de$ived '$om a I5i&te 0e i& li)e it i eve$y $e&/e0t. The$e'o$e, *hethe$ they *e$e SheathD&)i &, o$ $eal hide&, the 0a&e i& the &ame.

O Ma i 0haea /$i 0i/le& the A$0ho & a d thei$ &)i & a$e ali)e mo$tal.

B(t i' the So & o' Da$) e&& *e$e &)i ed a d &t$et0hed i the ai$, Why *a& the ,athe$ o' the they %ive evide 0e that Da$) e&&, thei$ ,athe$, i& al&o mo$tal A$0ho & le't alive a d im/$i&o ed" be0a(&e he i& 0om/o&ite. Why, the$e'o$e, did they ot &)i him, too, i the be%i i % a d delive$ 0$eatio '$om hi& i +($ie& " What e0e&&ity 0o(ld the$e be that he &ho(ld be le't alive, a d *hat $ea&o 8 *a& the$e i hi& 0a&e that he &ho(ld $emai a d t($ a%ai to &t$(%%le *ith /($e &o(l& " . . . -1f. /. l55iii.. A d a'te$ he ha& 'i to5i0ated' a d /e$ve$ted a d /(t them to &hame, a'te$ he ha& made &ome o' them 'o$ i0ato$& a d mi &t$el& a d bla&/heme$&, the that *i&e B(ilde$ a d A$0hite0t -C'. /. 555. l. 7:.. ha& &e &e e o(%h to '$ame a G$ave a d 2$i&o 'o$ him. A d i &tead o' the 2$i&o Dho(&e bei % th(& b(ilt a'te$ a lo % /e$iod, a d *ith -2. 7=.. m(0h toil, i' the So & o' Ki%ht had bee %athe$ed to%ethe$ a d *ith the&e Sto e& had &to ed him, the , lo, -C'. /.55i. l. 83.. he *o(ld have 0ome to a e d. B(t i' he *o(ld ot have died, be0a(&e hi& at($e i& ot mo$tal, the thi& im/($e Tea0hi % i& /(t to &hame i eve$ythi % it &ay&. ,o$ ho* did the &o & o' the immo$tal die, a d ho* *e$e the &o & o' a &/i$it(al o e &)i ed, a d ho* *e$e tho&e 6555vi *ho a$e ot 0om/o&ite di&i te%$ated " - Ma i him&el' *a& &)i ed.. A d

they did *ell *ho &)i ed the lyi % Ma i, *ho &aid that Da$) e&& *a& &)i ed, tho(%h it ha& eithe$ hide o$ SheathD&)i . I', mo$eove$, a& they &ay, "the Moo $e0eive& the Ki%ht *hi0h i& $e'i ed, a d d($i % 'i'tee day& d$a*& it (/ a d %oe& o em/tyi % it o(t 'o$ a othe$ 'i'tee day&," i' &he i& 'illed ve$y %$ad(ally till the time o' '(ll moo , it may *ell be be0a(&e the$e a$e ot &(''i0ie t Re'i e$& to %ive the Ki%ht at o 0e, b(t *hy, /$ay, i& it that &he em/tie& the Ki%ht little by little 2 -C'. //. 555viii. ll. 3>, 73> 1 5lii. 7. ll. 2. 7?.. Iithe$ the Re0eivi %DPe&&el& do ot $e0eive a d let it %o at o 0e, o$ the /la0e i to *hi0h &he em/tie& it i& &mall a d the$e i& $oom 'o$ o ly a /a$t daily. A d *hile 'o$ 'i'tee day& that Shi/ o' Ki%ht &ee)& to em/ty o(t !the Ki%ht#, *he$e, /$ay, doe& that othe$ Ki%ht, *hi0h i& 'bei % $e'i ed a d i& %oi % (/,' %o a d 0olle0t a d e5i&t *hile the Moo i& bei % em/tied " It m(&t *a de$ abo(t a d be lo&t 'o$ la0) o' a /la0e to $e0eive it1 a d &o Da$) e&& &*allo*& it o 0e mo$e. -C'. //. 5liv. 7.7?1 l555v. 7.:1 l555i5. l. 3?.. ,o$ i' it '&(0)ed i the Ki%ht' *he it *a& 'a$ '$om it i the be%i i %, *ill it ot %(l/ it do* all the mo$e, o* that the Ki%ht e5i&t& at the ve$y doo$ o' it& mo(th" B(t ( de$&ta d ho* 'ooli&h that Di$e0to$ i&. ,o$, i &tead o' !the a$$a %eme t# *hi0h *o(ld have bee $i%ht, amely that the Moo &ho(ld %o a d em/ty o(t !the Ki%ht# i o e ho($ a d $et($ &o that that 'o$me$ Ki%ht *hi0h *a& em/tied o(t mi%ht be /$e&e$ved, a d that latte$ Ki%ht *hi0h i& bei % $e'i ed mi%ht ot be lo&t, !i &tead o' a a$$a %eme t &(0h a& thi&#, behold, the Moo i& *o$ o(t *ith %oi % a d 0omi %, a d at '(ll moo it i& the em/tied i &(0h a *ay that the 'o$me$ Ki%ht i& *o$ o(t a d the latte$ &0atte$ed. No* a *oma i& *ith 0hild 'o$ a lo % time, &i 0e he$ babe i& develo/ed a'te$ i e mo th&. B(t *he he$ -2. 7>.. labo($ i& ea&y, the bi$th ta)e& /la0e i a &i %le ho($, a d th(& the 0hild i& ot i m(0h to$me t, o$ i& the mothe$ m(0h e5ha(&ted. B(t i the 0a&e o' the b$i%ht a d li%htlyD movi % Moo , at the time o' '(ll moo he$ 0hild i& /$od(0ed i &(0h a *ay that &he i& *o$ o(t a d he$ 0hild e5ha(&ted. A d i' &he b$i %& 'o$th ea0h o''&/$i % i a day, 0a &he ot al&o b$i % 'o$th a& the &0o$/io i o e day " A d i' &he $eally em/tie& it o(t &he &ho(ld be the$e a& lo % a& &he i& em/tyi %. Why i& &he *o$ o(t *ith 0omi % 6555vii !a d %oi %#, tho(%h &he ta)e& othi % he 0e till the time o' '(ll moo " A d ho* i& it that '$om ete$ ity to ete$ ity thi& Shi/ o' Ki%ht i& 'illed ( i'o$mly a d $e0eive& eithe$ mo$e o$ le&& " B(t thi& 0o t$iva 0e *a& ot a *i&e o e. ,o$ it *o(ld be $i%ht that, at the time *he the Re'i i % i& %$eat, the Moo &ho(ld $e0eive mo$e, that i& to &ay, i &tead o' bei % 'illed till the time o' '(ll moo , it *o(ld be $i%ht that &he &ho(ld be 'illed i 'ive day&. ,o$ i' thei$ &tateme t *e$e t$(e, it *o(ld be $i%ht that *hat I have &aid &ho(ld be the 0a&e. -Ma i'& tea0hi % ha& ot aided the Re'i i %. . ,o$ toDday the$e i& m(0h o' Ma i'& Tea0hi %, a d &o it i& 0lea$ the$e i& al&o m(0h Re'i i %4 B(t a& a h( d$ed yea$& a%o, thi& Tea0hi % did ot e5i&t9*o(ld that it did ot o*9it i& evide t that the Re'i i % o' Ki%ht a h( d$ed yea$& a%o *o(ld be le&& tha it i& toDday. A d i' the Re'i i % o' Ki%ht *a& ot the &ame i amo( t the a d o*, ho* *a& the Moo the a d o* ( i'o$mly 'illed till '(ll moo " A d *he the Re'i e$& *e$e 'e* i (mbe$, the$e *a&

The Ma i0haea tea0hi % abo(t the Moo i& im/o&&ible.

Jo* 'ooli&hly Ma i'& 'Di$e0to$' ha& a$$a %ed the Moo '& '( 0tio 4

Jo* i& the amo( t o' Ki%ht $e0eived by the Moo al*ay& the &ame "

ot le&& Ki%ht 'o$ the Moo , o$ toDday *he the Ma i0haea & abo( d i& the$e a y Ki%ht added to it. B(t *he the$e *e$e o Ma i0haea &, a d *he they a$e o* i e5i&te 0e, the$e i& o i 0$ea&e i the Moo toDday tho(%h they e5i&t, +(&t a& the$e *a& o le&&e i % i the Moo *he they did ot e5i&t. -2.7E, l.87.. So by the Moo , 'i5ed i the Jei%ht *hi0h they have made a& a mi$$o$ 'o$ them&elve&, it i& /o&&ible 'o$ that &e0$et 'al&ehood o' thei$& to be b$o(%ht to li%ht. ,o$ i' the e5i&te 0e a d o De5i&te 0e o' the Ma i0haea & a$e ali)e to the Moo , the lyi % Tea0hi % i& $e'(ted by *hat i& /e0(lia$ly it& o* , i that it& e5i&te 0e i& o a level *ith it& o De5i&te 0e. A d i' they do ot e5i&t 'o$ the Moo , 'o$ *hi0h they ima%i e they do o* e5i&t i a ve$y &/e0ial *ay, they do ot i a ve$y &/e0ial *ay e5i&t 'o$ God the Ko$d o' the -2. 7@.. Moo . Th(& '$om the K(mi a$ie& they $e0eive a &/e0ial $e'(tatio *ho ima%i e that they a$e $e0o% i&ed by the K(mi a$ie&. A d, i 'a0t, doe& ot the $ea&o i % o' a$ithmeti0ia & : 0o vi 0e them that *he tho&e *ho /e$&(ade a$e ma y, m(0h mo$e do tho&e that $e0eive mea&($e o(t1 a d *he the$e a$e ma y 'lood& the $ive$& a$e 'illed above thei$ limit& a d $i&e beyo d thei$ *o t " 6555viii A d *hy, i deed, i& the$e a Moo 'o$ t*e tyD i e day& a d a hal' " Ket the 'al&e Tea0hi % *hi0h di&%(i&e& it&el' o''e$ a /$oo' o thi& /oi t by mea & o' a at($al demo &t$atio . B(t let (& &t$i/ it that it may a//ea$ ba$e *itho(t a y t$(th. Ket them tell (&, the$e'o$e, 0o 0e$ i % thi& /a$t o' a day *hy it i& de'e0tive a d ot 0om/leted 1 i& the$e o &(/e$'l(o(& Ki%ht i a y o' the mo th&, &o that the de'i0ie 0y 'o$ thi& day may be 'illed (/ " B(t *he it (i.e., the day# i& de'e0tive it i& ot 'i i&hed, a d i' the$e i& &(/e$'l(o(& Ki%ht !"# it i& ot 0om/leted. A d i' o a00o( t o' the &mall amo( t o' Ki%ht that day i& im/e$'e0t, the$e *o(ld -2. 3;.. be a 0ha 0e that othe$ day& too *o(ld be im/e$'e0t. A d i li)e ma e$ *he the Ki%ht i 0$ea&ed, it *o(ld be $i%ht that the day& &ho(ld be 'o( d i 0$ea&i % a& *ell. The &ho$ta%e o' Ki%ht, ho*eve$, doe& ot ma)e a y le&&e i % i the Moo , o$ doe& the i 0$ea&e o' Ki%ht 'ill (/ thi& de'e0tive /a$t. So let thi& de'e0tive /a$t o' a day 0o vi0t the Je$eti0& that they a$e alto%ethe$ la0)i % i t$(th.

The l( a$ mo th o' 3@W day& o//o&e& Ma i'& vie* abo(t the Moo .

A d be0a(&e T$(th B(i0)ly $e'(te& them, *he it /a&&e& '$om The Ma i0haea tea0hi % abo(t deali % *ith the Moo to the S( . . . that it may $e'(te by the /ai$ the S( . o' K(mi a$ie& tho&e *ho *hile they *o$&hi/ K(mi a$ie& a$e /e$&o & *ho&e i telli%e 0e i& *holly da$). ,o$ +(&t a& he i& e li%hte ed *ho *o$&hi/& the Ko$d o' the K(mi a$ie&, &o i& he da$)e ed *ho e50ha %e& the *o$&hi/ o' thei$ Ko$d 'o$ the *o$&hi/ o' the K(mi a$ie&. Ket (&, the$e'o$e, &tate the 0a&e a& they &tate it, tho(%h *e &hall ot mai tai it a& they mai tai it. ,o$ they &ay that the S( $e0eive& the Ki%ht '$om the Moo 1 $i%ht *o$thy= a$e the&e Re0eivi %DPe&&el& *hi0h $e0eive '$om o e a othe$4 -C'. /. 555vi. l. 7;. 5lii. l. 77.. A d i& the$e the o $oom i the S( to $e0eive all tho&e 2a$t& i o e day '$om the Moo " B(t, /e$ha/&, the S( mi%ht $e0eive it, b(t the Moo i& ( able to %ive it1 a d behold *ith *hateve$ load &he ha&, &he m(&t h($$y alo % a d 'li % o'' &ome o' the *ei%ht &he i& 0a$$yi %. Jo*, a%ai , doe& the S( ot &ho* that the$e ha& bee &ome additio to hi& Ki%ht *he he $e0eive& 'i'tee 2a$t& o' $e'i ed Ki%ht " ,o$, behold, the Moo i& 0lea$ly ma$)ed eve by o e 2a$t *hi0h i& added eve$y day, +(&t a& &he &ho*& *he &he i& le&&e i %. I& the &( the a 6555i5ve&&el ot 0om/letely 'illed " A d ho* i& it& de'i0ie 0y i vi&ible " A d i' it i& ot de'i0ie t ho* doe& it $e0eive " ,o$ i' it i& 0om/lete a d it& 0avity i& '(ll o' it& Ki%ht9a& it i& i $eality9!the ) o* that# i'

tho( /o($e&t a ythi % mo$e i to a ve&&el that i& al$eady '(ll, it doe& ot $e0eive it1 'o$ a ythi % that 'all& i to it ove$'lo*&. B(t thi& '(ll ob+e0t (i.e., the S( # *hi0h doe& ot $e0eive a ythi % *hi0h the Ma i0haea & a&&e$t !to e5i&t#, by it& a//ea$a 0e 0all& (& ot to a00e/t a ythi % '$om the Ma i0haea &. Ket (& 'o$&a)e the tho&e do0t$i e& o' the Ma i0haea &, be0a(&e they a$e the o ly *it e&&e& 0o 0e$ i % them, a d let (& hea$ tho&e o' Mo&e&, to *hi0h all atio & ( de$ Jeave bea$ *it e&&, a d i old time the Jeb$e*& *ho $e0)o ed a00o$di % to the Moo , a d a'te$ them all atio & *ho a$e 0alled Ba$ba$ia &, a d al&o the G$ee)&, *ho (&e the $e0)o i % o' the S( , tho(%h they do ot de&e$t the $e0)o i % o' the Moo . A d, the$e'o$e, eve i' *e /$olo % o($ di&0o($&e, let (& de0la$e *hat i& (mbe$ed by S( D$e0)o i % a d *hat by Moo D $e0)o i %. Day& a$e (mbe$ed by S( D$e0)o i %. -2. 33, l.33.. ,o$ the da* i % a d da$) e&& a$e i di0ated by the S( . Behold the divi&io o' the day. B(t by the Moo the mo th& a$e i di0ated. ,o$ the be%i i % o' the mo th& a d e d o' the mo th& a$e i di0ated by the Moo . -The S( ma$)& the day& ot the mo th&. . ,o$ it i& by the $i&i % o' the S( a d the &etti % o' the S( that the day& a$e divided. B(t i the matte$ o' mo th& it ma)e& o divi&io , be0a(&e it& &(00e&&io %oe& o ( i'o$mly, a d doe& ot de0la$e a y divi&io *he thi$ty day& a$e e ded, that it may be ) o* by that divi&io that the mo th ha& e ded, o$ be%( . -The Moo ma$)& the mo th& ot the day&.. B(t the Moo , *he it i& '(ll a d *a e&, ma)e& a divi&io 'o$ the mo th&, b(t ma)e& o divi&io 'o$ the day&. ,o$ ho* o'te doe& it ha//e that the Moo $i&e& at the thi$d o$ 'o($th ho($, a d &et& -2. 38, l. 3.. at the &eve th o$ i th ho($ 1 *hile 'o$ t*o *hole day& &he i& ot &ee at all. God, i Ji& *i&dom *ho, i deed, o$de$ed the mo th& 'o$ the /($/o&e o' $e0)o i % a d the day& 'o$ the /($/o&e o' (mbe$i %, made the S( to (mbe$ the day&, a& al&o the Moo to (mbe$ the mo th&, a d a& the day i& 0om/leted i it& 0o($&e, &o the Moo al&o i& 0om/leted i it& mo th&, a d '$om it& be%i i % to it& e d the Moo /$od(0e& thi$ty day&. B(t i' the day 0o &i&t& o' t*elve ho($&, a d the S( move& th$o(%h a 0o($&e o' t*elve ho($&, it i& 0lea$ that the S( i& the 'o( t o' day&. A d, a%ai , 6l5i' the mo th 0o &i&t& o' thi$ty day& a d the Moo 0om/lete& thi$ty day& i *a i % a d *a5i %, it i& 0lea$ that the Moo i& the mothe$ a d /a$e t o' the mo th&. B(t the e5a0t $e0)o i % i& t*e tyD i e day& a d a /a$t. ,o$ thi& al&o i the be%i i % the Wi&dom o' the C$eato$ !both# /(t to%ethe$ a d o$de$ed the (mbe$i %& that it mi%ht /e$'e0t the $e0)o i %. ,o$ *he the mo th& a$e $e0)o ed by, (mbe$i % - they have. thi$ty day&. B(t the eleve day& *hi0h a$e a'te$ the mo th& he did ot /(t i thei$ $i%ht /la0e, a d *hy ot " A d, *he$e'o$e a$e eleve day& la0)i % i the Moo , a d *hy a$e the$e th$ee ho($& mo$e i the yea$ i the 0o($&e o' the S( " They a$e the&e th$ee e50elle t My&te$ie& !"#, a& the (mbe$i % i& i te$/$eted, a d the $e0)o i % e5/lai ed, &o that be0a(&e o' the la0) *hi0h e5i&t& i the Moo mo th& a$e i te$0alated, -2. 3:, l.37.. a d be0a(&e o' the e50e&& *hi0h e5i&t& i the S( day& a$e i te$0alated i o$de$ that &i 0e mo th& a d day& a$e i te$0alated thi& K(mi a$y may be aba&ed, a d the &ove$ei% ty o' God may be made ) o* . ,o$ be0a(&e ma y atio & %o a&t$ay i the matte$ o' them ! i.e., the K(mi a$ie&# o a00o( t o' thei$ Ki%ht, let thei$ (mbe$i % 0o vi 0e them ! i.e., the

The Mo&ai0 a$$ative %ive& the t$(e /($/o&e o' the S( a d Moo .

Thei$ i e5a0t e&& i dividi % time &ho*& that the K(mi a$ie& a$e de'i0ie t a d ot *o$thy o' *o$&hi/.

atio &# that o *o$&hi//ed.

a00o( t o' thei$ de/e de 0e it i&

ot $i%ht that they &ho(ld be

,o$ i' the (mbe$i % o' the S( i& ot a$$a %ed !*ith e5a0t e&&# the 0o($&e o' the Moo !al&o# by it& &*i't e&& a d de'i0ie 0y 0ha %e& the &ea&o & o' the yea$, &o that &(mme$ i& t($ ed to *i te$, a d *i te$ to &(mme$. A d i' a%ai a de'i0ie 0y i& ot -2. 3=.. 'o( d i the Moo , *hi0h i& de/e de t o the '(ll e&& '$om the S( , a& 'o$ the&e th$ee &(/e$'l(o(& ho($& *hi0h a$e i the S( the$e i& o /la0e 'o$ them !i *hi0h# to %o a d $emai i the (mbe$i % a d $e0)o i % o' the yea$. ,o$ i the /e$'e0t day& o' the th$ee h( d$ed a d &i5tyD'ive day&, *he$e may th$ee &(/e$'l(o(& ho($& e te$ a d e5i&t, !tho&e ho($&# *hi0h 0a ot be $e0)o ed *ith the /e$'e0t (mbe$ o' the mo th&, a d do ot e5i&t i the /e$'e0t (mbe$ o' the day& " B(t bet*ee the mo th& o' the Moo a d the (mbe$i % o' the day& o' the S( , the Ko$d o' the K(mi a$ie& a$$a %ed 'o$ them a /la0e that they may %o a d $e&t i it. B(t *e have &/o)e thi& $a/idly be0a(&e *e *e$e ot &ailed to &/ea) o' the&e matte$& 1 b(t *e *e$e 0om/elled to &/ea) 6l5i!o' them# i o$de$ to $e'(te tho&e *ho *i&h to t($ a&ide the K(mi a$ie& '$om the &e$vi0e o' the mo th& a d day&, that they may /oi t o(t i them Re'i i %& *hi0h %o (/ '$om the ea$th. A d i a&m(0h a& the Moo &eem& to be made 'o$ the (mbe$i % o' thi$ty day&, a d 0o &i&t& alto%ethe$ o' the&e /a$t&., *he the thi$ty day& 0ome to a e d, it !it&el'# 0ea&e& to e5i&t. ,o$ it i& ot o e thi % a d it& Ki%ht a othe$ thi %. A d be0a(&e "the Moo i& a ve&&el i to *ho&e mid&t the Ki%ht i& /o($ed," eve i' that Ki%ht *e$e la0)i %, the ve&&el it&el' a& -2. 3;, l.@.. $e%a$d& it& o* at($e *ith (i.e., i /$o/o$tio to# the a'o$e&aid Ki%ht, *o(ld ot be able to 0ome to a e d o$ i 0$ea&e, &i 0e all ve&&el& %ive evide 0e that they them&elve& e5i&t i thei$ at($al &iNe, a d i' the$e 'all& i to them a %$eate$ amo( t the ve&&el& do ot %$o* la$%e$, a d i' le&& 'all& i to them, they do ot &h$i ). A d i' a ythi % that i& i them i& em/tied o(t a d va i&he&, tho&e ve&&el& them&elve& do ot va i&h. A d &i 0e they 0all the Moo the Shi/ o' Ki%ht, let a demo &t$atio 0ome 'o$th '$om a &hi/ to $e'(te them, ! amely#, *he it i& 'illed o$ em/tied it $emai & i it& /$o/e$ &iNe, that i& to &ay !i the $eal /$o/o$tio # o' it& le %th a d b$eadth a d hei%ht. B(t i the 0a&e o' thi& Shi/ o' Ki%ht, *hi0h, they &ay, i& i the heave &, the Ki%ht *hi0h i& /o($ed i to it o$ em/tied '$om it i& vi&ible to (&, b(t the Shi/ it&el' i& ot vi&ible 1 eithe$ let them the tell -2. 3>.. (& the at($e o' the ve&&el, that *e may ) o* that 'o$ thi& /($/o&e it *a& a$$a %ed that it mi%ht be 'illed a d em/tied a& they &ay 1 o$ let them tell (& i' that ve&&el it&el' i& 'illed a d b(ilt (/ a d $i&e&, a d i& 0om/leted a d demoli&hed a d 0ome& do* . It i& evide t eve to bli d me *ho do ot &ee that the Moo i& made 'o$ the (mbe$i % o' the mo th&, a d i& ot 'o$ a Re'i i %. A d i' they &ay that be0a(&e the Moo i& ve$y '/($e a d ethe$eal,' the$e'o$e, it i& ot vi&ible, the ho* i& the S( vi&ible, &eei % that it i& a Ki%ht /($e$ a d mo$e $e'i ed tha the Moo " -C'. /. l555iv.. A d it i& the S( that %oe& a d 0ome& eve$y day o a00o( t o' it& /($ity to the Jo(&e o' Ki'e, a& they &ay. 6l5ii

I' the Moo i& a ve&&el ho* 0a the ve&&el it&el' *a5 a d *a e"

The /($ity o' the Moo a d S( .

A d *hi0h vie* &hall *e hea$, that o' Ba$dai&a , *ho &ay& abo(t Co t$a&ted vie*& o' Ba$dai&a a d the Moo that it i& a Ia$th a d a Mat$i5 *hi0h i& 'illed '$om a Ma i abo(t the Moo . hi%h a d lo'ty ove$'lo* a d 'lood& tho&e *ho a$e belo* a d be eath, o$ that o' Ma i, *ho &ay& that the Moo i& 'illed *ith tho&e *ho 0ome '$om be eath a d &e d& !them# a*ay to the U//e$ 2la0e& " B(t they both a$e *$o % i both $e&/e0t&, &o that the *o$d o' Mo&e& may be believed *ho &aid 0o 0e$ i % the K(mi a$ie&, 'they &hall be 'o$ &i% & a d 'o$ -2. 3E.. &ea&o &, et0.' B(t *ho *ill ot la(%h at the *o$d& o' 0hild$e , that the K(mi a$ie& have 'i ally be0ome the Re0eivi %DPe&&el&? o' the S0hool o' Ma i, a d ot o' a ythi % *hi0h i& %$eat, b(t o' Di&%o$%i %& 4 ,o$ by the&e the Ki%ht i& $e'i ed i' it i& $e'i ed. ,o$ the$e i& o evide 0e that it i& $e'i ed by 2$aye$ a& they &ay, b(t that !it i& $e'i ed# by Di&%o$%i %& it& ta&te %ive& evide 0e. A d i' ot, let them /$ay a d di&%o$%e, a d let i 0o t$ove$tible e5/e$ie 0e &ho* i *hi0h o' them i& the ta&te o' 'ood, i 2$aye$ o$ i Di&%o$%i %&4 B(t above all the$e i& evide 0e that he *ho di&%o$%e& loo)& (/*a$d& i o$de$ to &e d (/*a$d& by mea & o' the 'o$0e a d viole 0e o' the *i d that thi % *hi0h i& $e'i ed to the Domai '$om *hi0h it ha& 0ome do* . A d, /e$ha/&, thi& My&te$y *a& &e0$etly i the *o$ld, a d the *o$ld did ot /e$0eive it4 A d, /e$ha/&, eve Ma i did ot /e$0eive it. A d he$e it i& ot the ma *ho /$ay& m(0h *ho i& $e'i ed, b(t the ma *ho di&%o$%e& m(0h. ,o$ tho&e /hy&i0ia & by mea & o' thi %& *hi0h a$e ve$y di''e$e t e50ite Di&%o$%i %& i o$de$ to /($%e !"# the &toma0h *hi0h doe& ot di%e&t. -2. 3@.. ,o$ *he it doe& ot di&%o$%e the$e 0ome& the evide 0e o' it& (i.e., the 'ood'&# heavi e&& a d 0old e&&. A d it m(&t be that i' it doe& ot di%e&t, it doe& ot liB(e'y, a d i' it doe& ot liB(e'y, it (i.e., the &toma0h# doe& ot di&%o$%e, a d i' it doe& ot di&%o$%e, it doe& ot %o 'o$th 1 a d i' it doe& ot %o 'o$th, it i& ot $e'i ed. ,o$ the 0old e&& &h(t& (/ the 'ood heavily the$e, that i& to &ay, the 0old /hle%m, *hi0h i& ove$ the 'ood9the %$eat e emy o' the S0hool o' Ma i. ,o$ it *i&he& by it& 0old e&& to $e&t$ai the Re'i i %, le&t it (i.e., the 'ood# &ho(ld be $elea&ed, a d %o 'o$th the 0e. A d, the$e'o$e, 6l5iii that /( %e t $adi&h> 0a be the e emy o' thei$ e emy 1 'o$ it e te$& a d doe& 0ombat, a d a& it *e$e, e %a%e& i a 0o te&t *ith it, a d $e d& the veil *hi0h i& &/$ead ove$ the 'a0e o' the 'ood 1 a d the a *ay i& o/e ed (/ 'o$ the im/$i&o ed Ki%ht *hi0h i& the$e that it& Re'i i % may %o 'o$th i the Di&%o$%i %. A d th(& *he the Ma i0haea & di&%o$%e, be0a(&e thei$ 'ood ha& ot yet bee di%e&ted, it i& 0lea$ that thei$ Re'i i % ha& ot -2. 8;.. yet '%o e (/,' a d *e m(&t &ay that thei$ Ki%ht i& &till mi5ed i thei$ vomit, a d it *o(ld be $i%ht 'o$ them to t($ a d &*allo* it a e* i o$de$ that that Ki%ht *hi0h i& 0o 0ealed i it may ot abide i 0o$$(/tio . Above all i' !"# a do% 0ome& a d &*allo*& it behold that Ki%ht *hi0h ha& %o e 'o$th i vomit '$om the mid&t o' a Ma i0haea 0alled a Ri%hteo(& o e !XADDIYA#, ha& e te$ed a d be0ome im/$i&o ed i the ( 0lea &toma0h o' a do%, - and it is clear. that i' the Ma i0ha&a had t($ ed a d &*allo*ed hi& vomit immediately, the$e *o(ld have bee a a&0e t to the Jei%ht 'o$ the im/$i&o ed Ki%ht to 'ly a*ay a d '%o (/' to the Jo(&e o' it& ,athe$. A d that Ma i0haea o(%ht to be to$me ted i &tead o' it (i.e., the Ki%ht#, be0a(&e he ) e* !"#, a d !yet# that Ki%ht *e t i a d *a& im/$i&o ed i the belly o' the do%, a d the 0e it *a& &e t 'o$th by a T$a &mi%$atio !"# *he the do% /$od(0ed yo( % 1 a d that Ki%ht *a&

Ma i'& tea0hi % abo(t the K(mi a$ie& a d Di&%o$%i %& i& l(di0$o(&.

t$a &mitted i the $a0e o' mad do%& a d bite$& 1 a d it m(&t be mad li)e them, a d bite li)e them. It i& $i%ht, too, that it &ho(ld bite a d tea$ i /ie0e& that Ma i0haea *ho di&%o$%ed it a d did ot &*allo* it a%ai 1 'o$ he i& the 0a(&e o' thi& mad e&&. -2. 87.. B(t i' they &ay that i a do% too it i& $e'i ed, the a$e do%& mo$e tha they a$e i the Re'i i %D /$o0e&&, a d it i& $i%ht that they &ho(ld be 'ed mo$e tha they. A d i' they &ay that the ai$ 'i& $e'i ed a d &e t (/,' they 0o 'e&&, tho(%h they do ot *i&h it, that ot by 2$aye$ i& it $e'i ed, b(t by othe$ 0a(&e&, &(0h a& eithe$ d$y o$ boil o$ heat o$ 0ool. ,o$ i', a& they &ay, 'that /lea&a t ta&te *hi0h i& i 'ood& belo %& to the Ki%ht *hi0h i& mi5ed i them,' the +(&t a& the mo(th /e$0eive& that 2lea&a t e&& o' the Ki%ht *he it 6l5iv e te$& &o it o(%ht a%ai to /e$0eive it *he it %oe& o(t. ,o$ i' the mo(th /e$0eived it *he it e te$ed, tho(%h it *a& mi5ed *ith Bitte$ e&&, ho* m(0h mo$e o(%ht the mo(th to /e$0eive it *he it %oe& o(t, *he it& 2lea&a t e&& ha& bee &e/a$ated a d i&olated4 B(t i' it /e$0eive& it *he it e te$&, b(t *he it %oe& o(t i the Re'i i %D/$o0e&& it doe& ot /e$0eive it, it i& 0lea$ that the 2lea&a t e&& belo %& ot to the Ileme t *hi0h i& $e'i ed, b(t to it& O//o&ite. -2. 83.. ,o$ a thi % that i& /al/able a d 0a/able o' bei % ta&ted *he it e te$& m(&t be /al/able a d 0a/able o' bei % ta&ted *he it %oe& o(t. B(t i' they tell additio al 'al&ehood, they i 0($ additio al e5/o&($e. I' they &ay that be0a(&e the Ki%ht ha& bee made ve$y &(btle a d ha& bee '$e'i ed,' o that a00o( t the mo(th doe& ot /e$0eive it, the by thi& &ho$t (tte$a 0e thei$ *hole &y&tem i& (tte$ly (/&et a& to the ma e$ -C'. //. 555vi. l. 7>1 l555v l.:1 l555i5. l.3?.. i *hi0h the 2$imitive Da$) e&&, ot me$ely '&eiNed' that 2$imitive Ki%ht, b(t al&o ''elt, to(0hed, ate, &(0)ed, ta&ted, a d &*allo*ed it.' ,o$ behold thi& mo(th !o' o($&# i& o' the &ame at($e a& that Da$) e&&, a d it 0e$tai ly doe& ot /e$0eive the Ki%ht *he it %oe& o(t '$om *ithi it. A d he$e all thi& 'al&ehood o' thei$& i& 'elt be0a(&e a &o( d ea$ meet& it. ,o$ thi& Re'i i % *hi0h %oe& o(t o' the mo(th i& ot 0om/letely $e'i ed 1 the$e'o$e, it %oe& '$om the mo(th to the Moo , a d '$om the Moo to the S( , to be $e'i ed, a d to be a& it *a& o' old. ,o$ i' it i& $e'i ed a d ot de/e de t o the Re'i i % o' the Moo , *hy i& it e0e&&a$y that it &ho(ld %o to the Moo , a d '$om the Moo to the S( , a d !*hy doe& it# ot 'lit a*ay o(t&ide a d %o (/, a d be ta)e (/ to it& /la0e" -2. 88, l. >. ,o$ it abide& he$e i idle e&& 'o$ 'i'tee day& *hile the Moo i& bei % em/tied, a d the it &(''i0e& 'o$ thi$ty day&. O$ i& it /o&&ible that it 'o$%ot the *ay to it& Jome " A d ho* did it ) o* to %o, be0a(&e it did ot ) o* the *ay " . . . - then how does one !i.e., the .oon) know how to go, and does not lose its way, while the other !i.e., the )efined -ight), loses itself and re%uires a helper to conduct it 2 Such easily lost -ight would not be able even to find its way to the .oon, but it would re%uire a 6l5v helper to conduct it, and deposit it in the .oon. But if they are both !i.e., the conducting .oon, and the )efined -ight# one 3ature, how does one draw while the other is drawn 2. -K. 8=.. A d ho* do the So & o' the Om i&0ie t ot ) o* ho* to %o to thei$ Jo(&e '$om *hi0h they 0ame " A d *ho 0a have /atie 0e *ith the&e !me # "9( le&& it be the t$(th that Je deli%ht& i thei$ $e/e ta 0e, -S. K()e 5v. >, 7;.. Je *ho&e &ole ob+e0t i $e'(ti %

The Re'i i % o' ai$ a d 'ood& 0a ot be t$(e.

Why i& the Re'i ed Ki%ht &o %$ad(ally &e t (/ to it& 2la0e "

the&e !me # i& that they may ot th(& %o a&t$ay. I', the$e'o$e, thi& !Ki%ht# *hi0h %oe& o(t o' the mo(th9i a&m(0h a& ta&te -2. 8:.. im/lie& a I5halatio a d a Mi %li %9i& &o '/($e a d &(btle' i it& %oi % 'o$th '$om the mo(th, !that# the mo(th doe& ot /e$0eive it &i 0e it i& $e'i ed, a d i& mo$e $e'i ed a d /($e tha be'o$e the Mi5i % a d Mi %li %, ho* i& the t($bid Da$) e&& able to ha dle that /($e e&& *hi0h i& ot /al/able, o$ ho* 0a the 0o$/o$eal &eiNe the &/i$it(al *hi0h i& i ta %ible, o$ ho* 0a the bodily eat a thi % *hi0h ha& o body " ,o$ eithe$ the Da$) e&& i& '/($e a d $e'i ed, a d &(btle,' a d that Ki%ht i& %$o&& i it& at($e, o$ they a$e both &(btle, o$ !both %$o&&# ... !&o that# the t*o o' them do ot /e$0eive o e a othe$, &o that a& they *e$e /e$0eived i the 'ood, they may be /e$0eived i the Re'i i %. A d i' they a$e both li%ht, *he 0e i& thi& heavi e&& " A d i' they a$e /($e t($bid e&& ha& e te$ed '$om &ome othe$ /la0e. A d, the$e'o$e, it i& e0e&&a$y that *e &ho(ld &ee) &ome othe$ I tity *ho him&el' di&t($bed the t*o o' them. . ..
Why did ot the Good Bei % /$ote0t hi& /o&&e&&io & '$om the a&&a(lt& o' hi& Ivil ei%hbo($ "

B(t i' that Ki%ht !"# had bee God, i' he *a& %ood o$ +(&t, it *o(ld have bee i 0(mbe t o hi& Good e&& a d R(&ti0e to &($$o( d hi& /la0e *ith a &t$o % *all, a d /$e&e$ve hi& '$eedom a d ho o($ '$om hi& ( 0lea I emy a d '$om hi& $avi % Nei%hbo($, e&/e0ially *he the Good !Bei %# had /e$0eived that hi& at($e *a& 0a/able o' bei % i +($ed, a& they &ay9tho(%h God 'o$bid that thi& &ho(ld be &aid 0o 0e$ i % the /e$'e0t Good4 B(t i' i thei$ &hame they t($ a d &ay that it i& ot i +($ed, the *hom do they tea0h9i& it ot o e *ho i& i e$$o$" -2. 8=, l.8;.. A d *hom do they heal9i& it ot o e *ho i& &mitte " A d *hom do they tea0h the 0$eed9i& it ot o e *ho de ie& a d 6l5vibla&/heme& " ,o$ the&e evil& *ith i (me$able othe$& ha//e ed, a d a$e ha//e i % to the So(l& *hi0h !0ome# '$om him. A d i' they a$e ot '$om him, a d a$e i hi& Domai it *a& i 0(mbe t (/o him a& o e *ho i& *i&e a d love& hi& /o&&e&&io & to /la0e a /$ote0ti % *all a$o( d hi& 'lo0)& *hi0h *e$e 0a/able o' bei % i +($ed. B(t i the&e matte$& a 0o vi 0i % a$%(me t, may be d$a* '$om thi& 0$eatio *hi0h ha& bee a$$a %ed by a *i&e C$eato$, 'o$, be0a(&e he ) e* that ma )i d !*o(ld# /$e&(me *ith thei$ ,$ee*ill a d attem/t by thei$ '$ee Choi0e to &et a limit to 0$eatio . . . be0a(&e they a$e ot able to &et a limit to 0$eatio 9'o$ Co &t$ai t doe& ot /e$mit them9they have attem/ted to &et a limit to the C$eato$ by Di&/(tatio 1 +(&t a& al&o they *i&hed to b(ild a To*e$ by *hi0h they mi%ht %o (/ *hithe$ a a&0e t &ho(ld ot be made. -Ge . viii.. -2. 8?, l.33.. ,o$ the ladde$ to that Jei%ht i& the %$a0e o' the C$eato$, o$ i tho(&a d& o$ my$iad& o' yea$& *o(ld they be able to %o (/ to that Jei%ht *hithe$ Ili+ah *e t (/ i the t*i )li % o' a eye. ,o$ a to*e$ doe& ot e able !(&# to a&0e d to Jeave , be0a(&e it i& the Will o' the Ko$d o' the Jeave that e able& !(&# to a&0e d to Jeave . The$e'o$e, i o$de$ that )i %& at the /$e&e t time mi%ht ot be bold li)e tho&e o' old Je /la0ed them i the mid&t o' a 0$eatio *hi0h 0a ot be ove$0ome. ,o$ !&ho(ld they *i&h# to %o (/ above, the$e a$e the o(t&t$et0hed hei%ht& immea&($able,9to %o do* be eath, the$e a$e the te$$ible im/al/able de/th&,9to 0$o&& the e d& !o' the ea$th#, -2. 8>.. the$e a$e bitte$ illimitable &ea&, a d the&e -things 4e did, not because 4e was afraid on 4is own account54e who is not capable of being in&ured5but 4e made the heaven strong against our boldness that it may not wear itself out in vain and fruitless efforts ..

See ho* God ha& /$ote0ted Jeave '$om ma )i d a d to thei$ adva ta%e 4

-K. 77.. -The Realm o' the Good Bei % o(%ht to have bee /$ote0ted li)e*i&e. . A d i' the 0$eatio i& &o /$ote0ted a%ai &t *ea) ma )i d it *o(ld be m(0h mo$e $i%ht that the Domai o' the Good !Bei %# *ho a0t(ally e5i&t& &ho(ld be 'o$ti'ied a%ai &t te$$ible e emie&. ,o$ a& the Ko$d o' the Domai i& /e$'e0t i hi& I&&e 0e, &o it i& $i%ht al&o that hi& Domai be 'a&hio ed a$i%ht, a d hi& b(ildi % 'o$ti'ied, a d it *o(ld be $i%ht that that b(ildi %1 &ho(ld be /$ote0ted *ith a &t$o % *all. 6l5vii B(t the Domai la0)& a *all, a d it& lo$d la0)& $ea&o i %. A d i' he did ot 'o$ti'y it *ith a . . . *all, he *o(ld be la0)i % i it1 ho* &hall *e 0all him God *ho i& eve mo$e de'i0ie t tha ma )i d " ,o$ the$e i& o o e *ho doe& ot ma)e doo$& a d ba$& 'o$ hi& ho(&e 1 o$ do they /e$0ha 0e a$%(e i a &*e$ to thi&, that the$e &ho(ld ot be *all& 'o$ a 0ity, a d a 'o$t$e&& 'o$ a /la0e o' e&0a/e, a d a 0a&tle 'o$ . . . a hed%e 'o$ a vi eya$d, a e 0lo&($e 'o$ a 'lo0) " A d *hi0h o' the Ma i0haea -2. 8E.. i& the$e *ho doe& ot &h(t hi& doo$ o$ the doo$ o' hi& /la0e o' A&&embly " B(t 0lo&ed doo$& a$e he$e . . . o a00o( t o' that - 9l. 7?.. i +($y. . . . A d i' a $obbe$ 0ame a%ai &t Ma i i the o/e 0o( t$y, a d a%ai &t hi& di&0i/le&, *o(ld they ot ta)e $e'(%e i a 'o$t$e&&, a d hide i a 0a&tle a d e te$ *ithi *all& " -I' the Ma i0haea & /$a0ti0e o D$e&i&ta 0e. they do &o that they may be )illed a d e&0a/e '$om the Body. . B(t I thi ) that they a$e *i&e$ tha thei$ ,athe$ (i.e., the Good Bei %# *ho, they &ay, i& a God. ,o$ they ( de$&ta d ho* to ma)e the&e thi %& tho(%h they a$e 0lothed *ith the di&t($bi % Body 1 b(t thei$ ,athe$ *ho i& ot 0lothed *ith the /oll(ti % Body, doe& ot ) o* ho* to ma)e the&e thi %& i hi& o* Domai . A d i' the S0hool o' Ma i do ot 'lee be'o$e a $obbe$, a d do ot ta)e $e'(%e i 0itadel& o$ *all&, let (& a&), i& it be0a(&e thei$ Bodie& 0a ot be i +($ed " A d i' they a$e loo)i % 'o$*a$d to thi&, ! amely#, to be )illed a d to e&0a/e '$om the Body, a d &o do ot eed a *all, above i the Jo(&e o' thei$ ,athe$ the$e *o(ld be a &/e0ial e0e&&ity 'o$ *all& that they -2. 8E.. mi%ht ot be mi5ed *ith the vile Body. -A *all *o(ld have /$eve ted thei$ bei % mi5ed *ith the vile Body. . ,o$ o*i % to the la0) o' *all&, o' *hi0h they had o e, the Da$) e&& &*allo*ed them a d mi5ed them i thi& Body, a d *hile they a$e e5/e0ti % !"# to e&0a/e '$om it by mea & o' a &*o$d, *hi0h, mo$eove$, i& ot $eally the 0a&e, they Avo(ld have e&0a/ed '$om it by mea & o' *all&.

Witho(t a *all he i& 'im/e$'e0t.'

A d &(//o&e a ma &ay& the$e *e$e o &to e&, *he$e *a& that C'. //. QQQ., l55v. They 0a ot %$eat Ia$th '$om *hi0h B63, the B(ilde$, 0(t *hole &to e& 'o$ the &ay that the$e *e$e o mate$ial& to G$ave o' the Da$) e&& " A d *he$e i& bli d e&& &(0h a& thi& . . . b(ild the *all. [that in a place where there e#isted this +raver and graven materials, and where there was all this "orking, and where there was 6l5viii this "ise $isciple and *rchitect of its +rave who stretched the line and -2. 8@, l.8=.. weighed out a#es (2) and set, the rules, and devised a plan, where there was all this , *a& the$e ot 'o( d a &i %le o e to %ive advi0e that they &ho(ld $e0eive it a d /$e&e$ve thei$ Domai " A d lo, they !*o(ld# have e&0a/ed '$om the te tho(&a d evil& *hi0h e 0om/a&& them toDday. B(t i' they tal) 'ooli&hly a%ai &t the&e thi %&, a%ai &t all /$o/$iety Da$) e&& *o(ld ot leave it& they a$e debati % &o that o ly tho&e thi %& that a$e ot /$o/e$ may at($al Domai a& Ma i ta(%ht. be /$o0laimed. A d i' they a$e th(& /(''ed (/ tho(%h i I$$o$ !it i&# a& i' they had 'o( d o(t &omethi % t$(e 1 'o$ it ha& e&0a/ed the oti0e o' the Je$eti0&

that they have di&0ove$ed !o ly# I$$o$1 b(t they by thei$ ,$ee*ill have bee di&0ove$ed -2. :;, l.7;.. by it a00o$di % to it& *ill. A d be0a(&e o' the /$o(d *ho have e5alted them&elve&, let (& dive$%e !lit., 0$ee/# a little '$om o($ I5ami atio , a d let (& di&$e%a$d them o the o e &ide that they may be de'eated $i%htly o the othe$. ,o$ it *o(ld eve$ be /lea&a t 'o$ the Da$) e&& to de/a$t '$om it& Domai , be0a(&e eve$y I tity *hi0h e5i&t& i& 0o te ted i' it i& i it& o* /la0e9be0a(&e that i& the /la0e *hi0h belo %& to it& at($e9 -See '$om ill(&t$atio & that thi& i& t$(e.. a& 'i&h a$e i *ate$, a& mole& i &e/(l0h$al va(lt&,E a& moth& i 0lothi %, a& *o$m& i *ood, a& ma%%ot& i ba$ &, a& &*allo*& i /la0e& '$eB(e ted by ma , a& a o*l i $(i &, a& a dove i the li%ht, a d a& bat& i the i%ht. To the&e a d ma y othe$& thei$ at($al d*elli %D/la0e i& /lea&a t, a d i' a y o e 0ha %e& the d*elli %D/la0e& *hi0h belo % to them 'o$ tho&e *hi0h do ot belo % to them, that i& to &ay, /la0e& *hi0h h($t them i &tead o' tho&e -2. :7.. *hi0h do ot h($t them, it i& a %$eat evil a d bitte$ t$o(ble 'o$ them a& the 0eleb$ated 2&alm o' the Ble&&ed David $e0)o & 1 a d he de0la$e& i d(e o$de$ the /la0e& o' all o' them i 2&alm 0iv, *hi0h i& 'Ble&& the Ko$d, O my So(l, O Ko$d my God, tho( a$t be0ome ve$y %$eat,' *hi0h de0la$e& that a00o$di % to thei$ at($e a$e thei$ /la0e&, a d a00o$di % to thei$ /la0e& i& thei$ 0o te tme t. ,o$ i' yo( imme$&ed a 'i&h i oil, a d hid a mole i ho ey, a d made a moth live i &ilve$, o$ *o$m& i %old, o$ a lo(&e i a hea/ o' /ea$l&, altho(%h the&e e50el the d*elli %D/la0e& 6l5i5*hi0h belo % to them, yet they a$e 0o te ted *ith thei$ o* !d*elli %D/la0e#. A d i' the&e thi %& that a$e made, a d that a$e ot I titie& a$e 0o te ted *ith the /la0e& *hi0h *e$e 0$eated 'o$ them, ho* m(0h mo$e i& the I tity o' Da$) e&& 0o te ted *ith it& at($al de 4 A d i' a y o e &tim(late& it to %o 'o$th the 0e, it &(''e$& /ai , +(&t a& a ma /ai & the da$) mole *he he b$i %& it (/ '$om it& da$) /la0e. ,o$ i' the Da$) e&& had it& o* /e0(lia$ Domai , @ a& they &ay,DD Da$) e&& *o(ld be 0o te ted o ly thi& i& a &tateme t *hi0h i& di''i0(lt to believe9-b(t. *hat i& mo$e i it& o* at($al Domai . di''i0(lt tha thi& i& that "Da$) e&& e50ha %ed the Domai o' it& at($e, a d loved the O//o&ite o' it& at($e," a d e50ha %ed it& o$di a$y ma e$ 'o$ &omethi % *hi0h *a& alie to it. ,o$ a e*bo$ babe 0ha %e& '$om it& /la0e to a othe$ /la0e, 'o$ both o' them belo % to it1 a d tho(%h it 0ome& '$om it& o* to it& o* -2. :3, l. @.. it ve$ily *ee/& *he it %oe& 'o$th,9ho* m(0h mo$e i& a I tity - troubled. i' a ma $oot& it (/ '$om it& /la0e !a d ta)e& it# to a othe$ /la0e *hi0h doe& ot belo % to it4 ,o$ +(&t a& i it& o* Domai it i& at /ea0e, &o i a Domai *hi0h i& ot it& o* it &(''e$& 0alamity. Mo$eove$, /hy&i0ia & &ay that eve$ythi % *hi0h doe& ot )ee/ it& at($e $(i & it& at($al %e e$atio , tho(%h they a$e &/ea)i % o' 0(&tom a d ot o' at($e. ,o$ i' a ma %oe& to a00(&tom him&el' to &omethi % to *hi0h he i& ot a00(&tomed, i' he doe& ot *i&ely a0B(i$e the 0(&tom by &tealth, little by little, he i& i +($ed by it. B(t i' a thi % to *hi0h a ma i& ( a00(&tomed di&able& a ma i' he 0ome& to it &(dde ly *he it i& at($al eve i' it i& ot 0(&toma$y, ho* did the Da$) e&& 0ome (/o the Ki%ht, it& O//o&ite, &(dde ly -and en&oy it. " A d i &tead o' *hat *o(ld have bee $i%ht, ! amely#, that -2. :8.. it !i.e., the Da$) e&&# &ho(ld be /o&itively i +($ed a& Nat($e i di0ate&, it a0t(ally made a A&&a(lt (/o it (i.e., the Ki%ht#, a& the ,al&ehood &ay&, *hi0h a%ai &t the Ki%ht. . . . B(t *he that im/o&t($e i& 0$(&hed by the B(e&tio & o' the -K. 7?.. T$(th all hi& &y&tem ha& bee e5/o&ed a d laid ba$e. ,o$ a& the

The Golde Cal' &to$y a//lied to the Ma i0haea &.

B(e&tio !"# o' Mo&e& &hatte$ed the Molte Cal', &o the /o*e$ o' the T$(th &hatte$& the 'ab$i0ated Tea0hi %. B(t I ) o* that 6laltho(%h the Cal' *a& &hatte$ed the Re*& did ot 'lee '$om the *o$&hi/ o' it, &o al&o the Tea0hi % o' the Ma i0haea & ha& bee *ell e5/o&ed, b(t the Ma i0haea & do ot $evile the *o$&hi/ o' the S( a d Moo . ,o$ they a$e li)e o e a othe$ i thei$ bla&/hemie&, eve i' they a$e ot ali)e i thei$ S0$i/t($e&. ,o$ a& the Re*& bla&/heme a%ai &t the Ne* Te&tame t, they !i.e., the Ma i0haea &# bla&/heme a%ai &t o($ Old Te&tame t. - The /a$able o' the Wi e&)i & a//lied to Re*& a d Ma i0haea &. . B(t that !i.e., S0$i/t($e# i& !both# e* *i e a d old. ,o$ a& 'o$ the old it&Dta&te i& i it, a d it& odo($ ha& ot %$o* 'ai t, b(t i the e* the$e &ti$& the 'e$me t o' it& /o*e$ a d o' it& viole t heat. !"# B(t -2. ::, l. 7;.. &(0h ve&&el& a& do ot $e0eive the old 0o vi0t them&elve& by thei$ im/($ity, that !"# they a$e ot eve *o$thy to 0o tai it. A d &(0h a& do ot $e0eive the e* they a$e old bottle& *hi0h it !i.e., the e* *i e# 0o vi0t& by it& /o*e$ that they a$e ot able to bea$ it. TJI IND O, TJI SICOND DISCOURSI.

Note '$om Pol. 7 I t$od(0tio , /. !7;#F -Short lacunae are indicated in the translation by dots, and longer gaps by asterisks, but in neither case is the number of the dots or asterisks intended to bear any e#act relation to the number of the missing words. In respect to this an appro#imately correct inference may be drawn by consulting the Syriac te#t. $ouble inverted commas mark %uotations where the original has -Sy$ia0. Single inverted commas are used in numerous cases where the words seem to be %uotations or to belong to a special terminology. "ords in italics inside s%uare brackets are to be regarded as con&ectural translations or paraphrases. In a few passages, where the te#t has suffered great mutilation, italics indicate an attempt to summarise the argument from suggestions in the fragments.. -2.7;7. i di0ate& /a%e 7;7 o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -l.3. mea & li e 3 o' the 0($$e t /a%e o' the a00om/a yi % Sy$ia0. -R2.

,OOTNOTIS I have moved the footnotes to the end. 'hose consisting of ()ead [syriac for [syriac ( or similar have been omitted, as it has not been possible to transcribe the fragments of Syriac. 'he pages are numbered with )oman numerals. *rabic numbers and line numbers relate to the Syriac te#t printed at the back of the paper volume. +reek te#t is rendered using the Scholars ,ress S,Ionic font, free from here.

7. 7 ,o$ the Sy$ia0 Te5t o' Di&0o($&e& ii.Dv., &ee //. 7D7E=. 3. 7 O$ /e$ha/& "ea&y," "obvio(&." See ote o /. 73. 8. 7 O$ /e$ha/& "i d(l%e 0e." See ote o /. 7:. :. 7 O$ "o' a$ithmeti0." See ote o /. 7@. =. 7 A i$o i0al e50lamatio . ?. 7 C'. //. 555vi. l. 7;, 555viii. l. 3>. >. 7 The $adi&h i& &aid by the ative A$abi0 a(tho$itie& to /$od(0e di&a%$eeable bel0hi %& !&ee the Ki&a DalD'A$ab, 5iv. 3@, 7@#. E. 3 -Sy$ia0. i the Sy$ia0 o00($& o ly he$e a d o /. >8, l. 7;, b(t it i& 'o( d '$eB(e tly i the Nabataea I &0$i/tio &. @. 7 O$ "2la0e."

This text was transcribed by Roger Pearse, Ipswich, UK, 2'th September 2002. !! materia! on this page is in the p"b!ic domain # copy $ree!y. %ree& text is rendered "sing the Scho!ars Press SPIonic $ont, $ree $rom here.

Ia$ly Ch($0h ,athe$& Additio al Te5t&