The Growth of Civilizations

1. 2. 3. 4. Classical Greece - 2100 BC 150 BC Rome and Early Christianity 750 BC AD 500 The Americas 1000 BC AD 1500 Empires of China and India 350 BC AD 600

Rome and Early Christianity

1. The Foundations of Rome 2. From Republic to Empire 3. Roman Society and Culture 4. The Rise of Christianity 5. The Fall of Rome
The city of Rome was the seat of one of the greatest powers of the ancient world 1,200 year history Rome went through great changes in government and culture Many changes were caused by the beginning of the spread of one of the worlds largest religions - Christianity

750 BC to AD 500

750 BC- AD 500

1. The Foundations of Rome

Rome is located in Southern Europe. It is in the present day country of Italy. Italy is a peninsula, which means it has water on three sides. This allowed the Romans to trade with others in the region.

750 BC- AD 500

The Mythical Founding of Rome:

Rome has a mythical beginning. Twin brothers, Romulus and Remus, were sons of the war god Mars and left abandoned as babies. A she-wolf fed them and kept them alive. They grew up, fought over who would name the city. Romulus killed Remus; therefore, he called the city Rome.

750 BC- AD 500

Italy in 750 BCE

750 BC- AD 500

Influence of the Etruscans

They introduced a writing and a math system as well as government to the Romans.

Writing Religion The Arch

750 BC- AD 500

2. From Republic to an Empire

Around 500 BC, Rome became a republic. A republic is a government where representatives are chosen by the people. The people of Rome were represented in the Senate.

750 BC- AD 500

The Twelve Tables, 450 BCE

Providing political and social rights for the plebeians. Romans were split into two main social classes. The Patricians were the landholding upper class. The Plebians were the commoners of Rome. The majority of the people were Plebians but the Patricians had most of the power.

750 BC- AD 500

Republican Government
2 Consuls
(Rulers of Rome)

Senate
(Representative body for patricians, land holders and the upper class)

Tribal Assembly
(Representative body for plebeians, the commoners of Rome)

750 BC- AD 500

The Roman Forum

The Roman Forum was a place where people could express their ideas. It was also a place that decrees of the Senate and later the Emperor were announced to the people. Twelve Tables are displayed in central square

750 BC- AD 500

The Punic Wars Fought between Early Rome and Carthage (N. Africa) Hannibal-perhaps one of the greatest military leaders of all time

Carthaginian Empire

750 BC- AD 500

Hannibals Route

The Roman, after suffering serious losses, managed to defeat Hannibal and the Carthaginian Army

750 BC- AD 500

Rome Becomes an Empire

Reform Leaders
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus

the poor should be given grain and small plots of free land.

Military Reformer
Gaius Marius

recruited an army from the poor and homeless.

professional standing army.

750 BC- AD 500

Civil War & Dictators

Gnaeus Pompey

Julius Caesar

Civil War brought an end to the republic. Pompey and Caesar were successful military leaders who formed the First Triumvirate

750 BC- AD 500

The First Triumvirate

Julius Caesar-conquered Gaul,
modern day France and defeated Pompey

Marcus Licinius Crassus, Gaius Magnus Pompey,

conquered parts of Asia Minor

750 BC- AD 500

Crossing the Rubicon, 49 BC The Die is Cast!

Caesar took his army over the Rubicon River and marched into Rome

750 BC- AD 500

Beware the Ides of March! 44 BCE

After rising to prominence in a variety of military campaigns, Julius Caesar brings his troops to Rome in 49 BC and makes himself a dictator. He keeps the Senate around but keeps all real power for himself. In 44 BC, he is murdered in the Senate by people who want to bring back the old government-the Republic

750 BC- AD 500

The Second Triumvirate

Octavian Augustus, adopted
son of Caesar

Marc Antony,a loyal officer Marcus Lepidus, high priest

750 BC- AD 500

Octavian Augustus: Romes First Emperor

After Julius Caesar is assassinated, there is a civil war fighting for control. Caesars nephew Octavian becomes emperor, and changes his name to Caesar Augustus.

750 BC- AD 500

The First Roman Dynasty

The Augustan Age- ruled for 40 years and Rome experienced a peaceful era. After his death, Julio-Claudians and Flavians ruled Rome. The Good Emperors followed and the empire grew tremendously

750 BC- AD 500

3. Roman Society and Culture

After Augustus, there is a 200 year peaceful period called the Pax Romana, or Roman Peace.

750 BC- AD 500

Romes Early Road System

Rome was able to expand because of its well trained and organized armies. In addition, Rome built roads that connected the Empire that allowed troops easy movement.

750 BC- AD 500

Imperial Roman Road System

750 BC- AD 500

Roman Roads: The Appian Way

750 BC- AD 500

Roman Aqueducts
The Romans built enormous aqueducts designed to bring water into the city. They used a new architectural technique called the arch. They had a very small slant that carried water downhill for miles and miles.

750 BC- AD 500

The Roman Colosseum

Romans enjoyed violent entertainment. They watched gladiators fight to the death in many arenas, most famously the Coliseum. They watched chariot races, which often involved bloody crashes.

750 BC- AD 500

The Colosseum Interior

750 BC- AD 500

Circus Maxims

Ancient Roman Chariot Racing Stadium

750 BC- AD 500

Roman Religion
Romans had similar gods to the Greeks, except they had different names. For example: Zeus becomes Jupiter, Ares becomes Mars. They built enormous temples, like the Pantheon.

750 BC- AD 500

4. The Rise of Christianity

Religion based on Jesus of Nazareth, and his earliest followers, the teaching of Judaism

750 BC- AD 500

Jesus of Nazareth
Knowledge comes from the first four books of the New Testament The New Testament along with the Hebrew Bible, the Old Testament, make up the Christian Bible.

750 BC- AD 500

Jesus Christ
In time, Jesus began to preach a message of redemption and warning of the coming of Gods Judgment Day. His message alarmed authorities, and Jesus was arrested, tried, and sentenced to death. After he was crucified, Jesus rose from the dead, spent 40 days teaching, and ascended into heaven. Followers named him the Messiah, Jesus Christ

750 BC- AD 500

The Spread of Christianity

Apostles- 12 Disciples that Jesus chose to spread Christianity throughout the world

Diocletian Splits the Empire in Two: 294 CE

750 BC- AD 500

Economic Problems- Inflation, rising prices, and higher taxes to pay for the vast empire Diocletian absolute ruler himself above his subjects

750 BC- AD 500

Constantine: 312 - 337

Diocletian abdicated his thrown and threw Rome into civil war once again Constantine, in 312, proclaimed new emperor A new Capital-Constantinople Christian capital; later renamed Istanbul

Constantinople: The 2nd Rome (Founded in 330)

750 BC- AD 500

750 BC- AD 500

Byzantium: The Eastern Roman Empire

The later period of the Eastern Roman Empire became Byzantine Empire-after fall of Western Roman Empire to German tribes

750 BC- AD 500

The Byzantine Empire During the Reign of Justinian

750 BC- AD 500

The Byzantine Emperor Justinian

750 BC- AD 500

The Empire in Crisis: 3c

750 BC- AD 500

Barbarian Invasions: 4c-5c

452 Fierce Army The Huns and Attila

750 BC- AD 500

Attila the Hun: The Scourge of God

The inability of the Roman Army to stop the Huns was one reason for the demise of the empire

750 BC- AD 500

The Legacy of Rome

Around 180 AD, problems arose in the empire and the Empire begins to decline. In 476 AD, Rome is sacked and the Empire is officially dead. Republic Government Roman Law Latin Language Roman Catholic Church City Planning Romanesque Architectural Style Roman Engineering Aqueducts Sewage systems Dams Cement Arch

The Greatest Extent of the Roman Empire 14 CE

750 BC- AD 500

Government was corrupt. government had huge building projects-cost lots of money. Tribes invaded from the North. Poverty and unemployment were very high. Moral values declined.

750 BC- AD 500

The Discovery of Pompeii

In 1748, one of the greatest archeological discoveries of all times occurred. The Roman city of Pompeii had been destroyed by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD, preserving the town forever.

750 BC- AD 500

750 BC- AD 500