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QA 10311.1
SUMMARY

NUMBERS - II

LCM of two or more numbers is the least number that is divisible by each of the given numbers. HCF is also called Greatest Common Measure (GCM) or Greatest Common Divisor (GCD). HCF of two or more numbers is the greatest number that can exactly divide each of the given numbers. HCF of fractions =

HCF .of .Numerator LCM .of .deno min ator

HCF.of .deno min ator

LCM of fractions = LCM .of .Numerator

Problems Based on LCM: Type 1: If a Number is divided by divisors d1, d2, d3dn and leaves are remainder of r, then the smallest number, say N can be expressed as : N = {LCM (d1, d2, d3dn)} x k, where k is an integer Type 2: If a number N is divided by divisor d1, d2, d3.dn and leaves remainders of r1, r2. r3.rn respectively and if (d1 r1 = d2 r2 = d3 r3== dn rn = d then the smallest such number, say N can be represented as : N = {LCM(d1, d2, d3.dn)} x k d, where k is an integer Type 3: A number N is divided by divisors d1 & d2 and leaves remainders of r1 & r2, then N = LCM (d1, d2) + d1 x k + r1, where k is an integer Problems Based on HCF: Type 1: If numbers N1, N2, N3 are divided by a divisor d1 and each leaves remainder of r1, r2 and r3 respectively then the greatest such divisor is HCF of {N1 - r1, N2 - r2, N3 - r 3}. Type 2: If numbers N1, N2, N3 are divided by a divisor d and each leaves the same remainder r, then the greatest divisor is HCF of {|N1 N2|, |N2 N3 |} Note: If a number N is divided by divisors d1, d2 and d3 successively leaves a remainder r1, r2 and r3 respectively. then N = (d1 d2 d3) K + d1 {d2 r3 + r2} + r1

CLASS DISCUSSION
1. The sum of two numbers is 45 and their HCF is 5. How many pairs of numbers satisfy these conditions? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 4 Find the HCF and LCM of 2/3, 3/4, 4/ 5? (1) 1/60, 12 (2) 1/20, 24 (3) 2/15, 12 3. (4) 1/30, 12

2.

A red light flashes 6 times in a minute and a green light flashes 8 times in 3 minutes. Find the time between instants when two lights flash together? (CAT 2001) (1) 70s (1) 80s (3) 90s (4) 100s

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The sum of two natural numbers x and y is 105 and their LCM is 180. Find | x y | . (1) 30 (2) 45 (3) 75 (4) 15 After the division of a number successively by 3, 4 and 7 the remainders obtained are 2, 1 and 4 respectively. What will be the remainder if 84 divides the same number? (CAT 2002) (1) 80 (2) 75 (3) 41 (4) 53 Ashok has to distribute 2002 pencils and 1430 pens to students. He wants to distribute an equal number of pens and pencils to each student. What is the maximum number of students to whom he can distribute the pens and pencils? (1) 186 (2) 286 (3) 143 (4) 248 Three positive integers A, B, and C are such that HCF(A,B) = 10, LCM(A,B) = 30, HCF(B,C) = 6, LCM(B,C) = 60, HCF(C,A) = 2, LCM(C,A) = 60. What is the value of A x B x C? (1) 3600 (2) 600 (3) 1800 (4) 1200 A number when divided by 8 as well as 6 leaves the same remainder 4. How many numbers less than 300 satisfy this condition? (1) 6 (2) 7 (3) 13 (4) 12

13.

5.

The numbers 161, 194 and 324 when divided by the same divisor leaves remainders of 1, 2 and 4 respectively. Find the greatest such divisor. (1) 16 (2) 32 (3) 12 (4) 8 Three numbers 109, 217 and 361 leave the same remainder when divided by the same divisor. What is the greatest such divisor? (1) 18 (2) 36 (3) 72 (4) 24 Three numbers 97, 152 and 252 when divided by the same divisor leaves respective remainders of 1, 8 and 12. How many divisors satisfy this condition? (1) 10 (2) 9 (3) 8 (3) 2 Three numbers 190, 342 and 494 divided by the same divisor leave the same remainder. How many divisors leave the same but nonzero remainders? (1) 6 (2) 5 (3) 4 (4) 3 How many values can x take if LCM (24, 36, x) =72? (1) 1 (2) 4 (3) 3 (4) 12 HCF of two numbers n1 and n2 is 5. Their product is 400. How many pairs of numbers (n1, n2) satisfy this condition? (1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 5 The Difference between the HCF and LCM of two numbers is 24. How many pairs of numbers satisfy this condition? (1) 4 (2) 8 (3) 6 (4) 2 Sum of two numbers and their LCM is 41. How many pairs of numbers satisfy this condition? (1) 0 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) 1 Three numbers, which are mutually co-prime are such that the product of first two numbers is 286 and the product of the last two is 682. Find the difference between the greatest and the smallest number? (1) 18 (2) 9 (3) 66 (4) None of these

14.

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16. 7.

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A number when divided by 8, 6 and 10 leaves the same remainder 3. What is the remainder when any such number is divided by 15? (1) 3 (2) 13 (3) 7 (4) Cannot be determined A number when divided by 11 leaves 6 as a remainder and when divided by 9 leaves 8 as a remainder. What is the least such number that is divisible by 14? (1) 1120 (2) 1134 (3) 1106 (4) 1092 A number when divided by 12,10 and 8 leaves respective remainders of 4,6 and 4. How many 3-digit numbers satisfy this condition? (1) 8 (2) 7 (3) 41 (4) 40 Find HCF of 2 - 1 and 2 + 1 (1) 4 (2) 3 (3) 2 (4) Cannot be determined
2n 2n-1

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10.

20.

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A number has 16 factors out of which 2, 3 and 5 are prime. Find the difference between the LCM and HCF of the greatest and smallest such numbers formed? (1) 3000 (2) 30 (3) 2970 (4) Cannot be determined 26. How many zeroes are there at the end of 150!? (1) 30 (2) 36 (3) 37 (4) 38 The number of employees in a company is a prime number and is less than 300. The ratio of the number of employees who are graduates and above, to that of employees who are not, can possibly be: (CAT 2006) (1) 101:88 (2) 87:100 (3) 110:111 (4) 97:84 If the highest power of 8 in n! is 6, how many values can n take? (1) 4 (2) 2 (3) 8 (4) 6 Directions for 26-30: Choose (1), if the question can be answered by one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone. Choose (2), if the question can be answered by using either statement alone.

Choose (3), if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone Choose (4), if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together. The HCF of two numbers is 39. Which is the greater of the two? LCM of the numbers is 585. The sum of the numbers is 312. What is the highest power of 7 in n!? Highest power of 5 in n! is 4 Highest power of 3 in n! is 10 What is the highest power of 11 in n!? Highest power of 7 in n! is 4 Highest power of 4 in n! is 7. How many pairs of two positive numbers exist? Sum of the two numbers and their LCM is 24. The two numbers are distinct HCF of two numbers is 15 and product of two numbers is 225K. What is the difference between these two positive numbers? K=77 II.K=243

23.

I. II. 27. I. II. 28. I. II. 29. I. II. 30.

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25.

I. II.

PRACTICE EXERCISE 1. Arvind wanted to plant three types of fruit, 45 of the 1st type, 60 of the 2nd type and 75 of the 3rd type such that each row has equal number of trees of same type. Between each plant, there should be a gap of 5m horizontally and vertically on either side. What is the minimum size of land required? (1) 4200m2 (2) 4800m2 2 2 (3) 5600m (4) 5200m The dimensions of a floor are 7.35 m x 5.25 m. What is the minimum number of tiles required to cover the floor? (1) 49 (2) 35 (3) 36 (4) 125 The difference between the LCM and HCF of two numbers is equal to twice the sum of the two numbers. How many pairs of numbers satisfy this condition? (1) 1 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) Infinite Three positive numbers A,B and C are such that HCF(A,B) = 10, LCM(A,B) = 60, HCF(B,C) = 10, LCM(B,C) = 120, HCF(C,A)
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= 20, LCM(C,A) = 40. Find the difference between the smallest and the largest number? (1) 10 (2) 20 (3) 30 (4) 40 5. A number when divided by 12,16 and 24 leaves a remainder of 10. What is the remainder when any such number is divided by 45? (1) 3 (2) 13 (3) 7 (4) Cannot be determined Number of students who have opted for subjects A, B and C are 60, 84, and 108 respectively. The examination is to be conducted for these students such that only the students of the same subjects are allowed in one room. Also the number of students in each room must be same. What is the minimum number of rooms that should be arranged to meet all these conditions? (CAT 1998) (1) 28 (2) 60 (3) 12 (4) 21

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A number if divided by 13 and 7 leaves respective remainders of 4 and 3. When any such number is divided by 182, how many distinct remainders are possible? (1) 2 (2) 14 (3) 26 (4) Cannot be determined How many values can x take if LCM 4 12 12 (15 ,5 , x) is 15 ? (1) 169 (2) 13 (3) 1 (4) 24 The HCF of two numbers n1 and n2 is 12. Their product is 1440. How many pairs of numbers (n1,n2) satisfy this condition? (1) 3 (2) 2 (3) 1 (4) 5

15.

Find the highest power of 63 in 100!? (1) 16 (2) 48 (3) 24 (4) 20 A number when divided by 12, 9 and 6 successively leaves remainders of 7, 4 and 2 respectively. What is the least such number? (1) 77 (2) 151 (3) 47 (4) 271 A number when divided by 6, 4 and 2 successively leaves remainders of 4, 2 and 1 respectively. When any such number is divided by 24, what is the remainder? (1) 16 (2) 12 (3) 14 (4) Cannot be determined A number when divided by 10,5 and successively leaves remainders of 6,2 and 1 respectively. This number can be expressed as (assume k is a positive integer) (1) 30k+6 (2) 150k+76 (3) 60k+16 (4) 30k+76 Directions for 19-20: Choose (1), if the question can be answered by one of the statements alone, but cannot be answered by using the other statement alone. Choose (2), if the question can be answered by using either statement alone. Choose (3), if the question can be answered by using both the statements together, but cannot be answered by using either statement alone Choose (4), if the question cannot be answered even by using both the statements together.

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18. 10. If the highest power of 7 in n! is 4, how many distinct values can n take? (1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 7 (4) 6 If the highest power of 5 in n! is 5, how many distinct values can n take? (1) 5 (2) 4 (3) 0 (4) 2 A number S is equal to the square of the sum of the digits of a 2 digit number D. Which of the following could not be the difference between S and D? (CAT 2002) (1) 7 (2) 15 (3) 0 (4) 72 The highest power of 5 in n! is x. The highest power of 5 in (n+1)! is x+2.How many such n will exist between 20 and 255? (1) 10 (2) 8 (3) 12 (4) 16 Let A be the number formed by dividing 200! 49 by 10 . Find the highest power of 12 contained in A? (1) 148 (2) 97 (3) 74 (4) None of these

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19. I. II.

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What is the remainder when a number N is divided by 20? N when divided successively by 5, 3 and 2 leaves respective remainders of 4, 2 and 1. N when divided successively by 10, 8 and 6 leaves respective remainders of 6, 4 and 2.

20.

What is the product of the numbers if their LCM is 60? I. HCF of the numbers is 20 II. HCF of the numbers is 25.

Keys to Practice Exercise

1.4 9.2 17.1

2.2 10.3 18.2

3.4 11.3 19.1

4.2 12.3 20.1

5.4 13.2

6.4 14.3

7.1 15.3

8.2 16.4

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