No. 13-4178
_____________________________________________________________ In the United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit _____________________________________________________________ DEREK KITCHEN,
et
al
., Plaintiffs-Appellees, v. GARY R. HERBERT, in his official capacity as Governor of Utah, and SEAN D. REYES, in his official capacity as Attorney General of Utah, Defendants-Appellants, and SHERRIE SWENSON, as Salt Lake County Clerk, Defendant. __________________________________________________________________ On appeal from the U.S. District Court for the District of Utah, The Honorable Robert J. Shelby presiding, Case No. 2:13-CV-00217 RJS __________________________________________________________________
Reply Brief of Appellants Gary R. Herbert and Sean D. Reyes
__________________________________________________________________ JOHN J. BURSCH Warner Norcross & Judd LLP 111 Lyon Street, NW. Ste. 900 Grand Rapids, MI 49503 616-752-2474 MONTE N. STEWART 12550 W. Explorer Dr., Ste. 100 Boise, ID 83713 208-345-3333 GENE C. SCHAERR Special Ass
’t
Attorney General BRIAN L. TARBET Chief Deputy Attorney General PARKER DOUGLAS Chief of Staff & General Counsel 160 East 300 South Salt Lake City, UT 84114-0856 801-366-0100 (phone) gschaerr@utah.gov
ORAL ARGUMENT REQUESTED
Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019218227 Date Filed: 03/14/2014 Page: 1
ii
ADDITIONAL COUNSEL
STANFORD E. PURSER PHILIP S. LOTT Ass
’
t Attorneys General 160 East 300 South Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-0856 801-366-0100
Appellate Case: 13-4178 Document: 01019218227 Date Filed: 03/14/2014 Page: 2
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
TABLE OF AUTHORITIES ...................................................................... v
INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 1
I.
THE DISTRICT COURT’S INVALIDATION OF UTAH’S MAN
-WOMAN DEFINITION OF MARRIAGE UNDER WHAT IT CONSIDERED RATIONAL-BASIS REVIEW MUST BE REVERSED. .................................................................................. 7
A.
Even if the district court’s rational
-basis framework is correct, Utah advanced several interests that are well-supported and clearly served by retaining its traditional marriage definition. .. 9
1.
Child-centric marriage culture ............................................. 12
2.
Parenting arrangements ....................................................... 22
3.
Procreation ............................................................................ 34
4.
Avoiding religion-based strife and protecting popular sovereignty .......................................................................... 38
B.
Rational-basis review does not require the state to justify the
“exclusion” of same
-sex couples from its marriage definition. ... 47
C.
Baker
retains vitality and is dispositive here. ............................ 57
II.
THE DECISION BELOW CANNOT BE AFFIRMED ON ANY
ALTERNATIVE “HEIGHTENED SCRUTINY” GROUNDS
ADVANCED BY THE DISTRICT COURT OR PLAINTIFFS. .. 63
A.
Rather than subjecting Utah’s marriage laws to heightened
scrutiny,
Windsor
supports their constitutionality. ................... 66
1.
Plaintiffs’ reading of
Windsor
ignores its critical and repeated emphasis on State authority over marriage. ....... 66
2.
Windsor
does not support a finding of “animus” here.
......... 69
3.
Windsor
does not require recognition of same-sex marriages performed in other States. .................................................. 74
B.
The district court erred in concluding that Plaintiffs have a fundamental due-process right to marry someone of the same sex. ............................................................................. 77
C.
The district court erred in concluding that Utah’s marriage laws
discriminate on the basis of sex. ................................................. 89
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