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APORCEDORUS DHANACHANDI

FILICAUDATUS N. GEN., N. SP., LAIMYDORUS N. SP. AND EUDORYLAIMUS HIMALUS N. SP. FROM INDIA (NEMATODA: DORYLAIMIDA) BY

M. SHAMIM JAIRAJPURI and WASIM AHMAD Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, 395-A Hatfield Road, St. Albans, Herts AL4 OXU, U.K., and Section of Nematology, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh-202001, India n. gen., n. sp. and one new species each of the genera Laimydorus SidAporcedorus filicaudatus diqi, 1969 and Eudorylaimus Andrssy, 1969 are described from India. The new genus Aporcedorus is assigned to the family Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965 because its oral opening is dorso-ventrally slit-like and the odontostyle has a large aperture but it differs from all the existing genera of this n. sp. has 2.6-3.0 mm long body, family in having a long filiform tail. Laimydorusdhanachandi truncated lip region with thick cuticle, 21-25 m long attenuated odontostyle, 40-42 m long spicules, and 15-16 closely packed but non-contiguous ventromedian supplements. Eudorylaimus himalusn. sp. has 1.1-1.3 mm long body, low and flattened lip region, 21-23 m long attenuated odontostyle, DN far removed from DO, and short conoid tail with 'saccate bodies'. Males were not found in A. filicaudatus or E. himalus. Keywords: taxonomy, Aporcedorus filicaudatus, Laimydorusdhanachandi, Eudorylaimushimalus, India. In soil samples collected in India, three new species of dorylaim nematodes were found: one of these represents a new genus of the family Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965. The name Aporcedorus filicaudatus n. gen., n. sp. is proposed for it. The other two new species belong to the genera Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 and 1959. Eudorylaimus Andrdssy, The nematodes were killed and fixed in hot 4 % formalin and processed to were taken and observations Measurements glycerine by the slow method. made on specimens mounted in anhydrous glycerine. Genus Aporcedorus n. gen. -

Diagnosis. Aporcelaimidae. Body large. Cuticle with fine transverse striations. Oral opening a dorso-ventral slit. Lip region offset from body, lips conoid. with slit-like small but wide, Amphids stirrup-shaped apertures. Odontostyle its aperture more than half of its length. Guiding sheath simple, plicated. near its Odontophore simple rod-like. Oesophagus dorylaimoid, enlarging middle to form basal expanded portion. DO-DN close; S101-5102-S20 nearly anterior to base of oesophagus. equidistant; S20 significantly Oesophagointestinal disc present. Vulva transverse. Reproductive system amphidelphic.

428 Tail very long and filiform. Males not known. Type species. Aporcedorus filicaudatus n. sp. Relationships. The new genus Aporcedorus has been assigned to the family because of the characters of the oral opening (dorso-ventral Aporcelaimidae and from the and it can easily be distinguished odontostyle (large aperture) slit) in The all the existing of this the character of its tail. genera family nematodes described so far possess short bluntly conoid to roundaporcelaimid ed tails whereas the tail of Aporcedorus is very long and filiform occupying nearly 20-25 % of the total body length. The long tail and the anterior location of S20 and S2N indicate affinities of the new genus with members of the families and 1969 Thornenematidae de Man, 1876, but it has Siddiqi, Dorylaimidae not been placed in these families mainly because of the characters of its odontostyle and oral opening. Aporcedorus filicaudatus (Fig. 1) Dimensions Paratype females (25): L = 3.05-3.45 (3.26) mm; a = 57-67 (61); b = 5.5-6.0 (5.7); c = 4.1-5.3 (4.4); c' = 20-27 (24); V = 40-44 (42); Gi=6-9 (8); G2 = 7-9 = = = 18-20 32-34 Am; /Am; (8); odontostyle (19) odontophore (33) oesophagus 553-591 (569) Am; pre-rectum = 150-220 (180) Am; rectum = 32-38 (35) Am; tail = 633-834 (735) Am; ABD = 29-35 (31) Am. female: L = 3.32 mm; a = 63; b = 5.8; c = 4.3; c' = 26; V = 41 ; Holotype = 32 Gl = 6; G2 = 8; odontostyle = 18 Am; odontophore oesophagus = 568 = 182 Am; rectum = 35 tail = 771 tm; ABD = 30 Am. /Am; pre-rectum Description curved upon killing, tapering only slightly anteriorly but Body ventrally markedly posteriorly to a long filiform tail. Cuticle 2-3 Am thick at mid-body, 3-4 Am on tail, finely striated. Lateral hypodermal chords about one-third of width at obscure. body mid-body. Body pores Lip region offset from body by a 14-15 5-6 constriction, Am wide, Am high. Lips conoid, anterior sensilla proabove contour. truding lip Amphid aperture 7-8 Am wide or about half of corabout responding body width, fusus 23-26 Am from aperture. Odontostyle 1.2-1.3 lip region widths long, its aperture 11-12 Am or about 60% of its length. Guiding sheath simple, plicated, with weakly sclerotized anterior rim 9-10 Am from anterior end of body. Odontophore 1.6-1.8 simple rod-like, times the odontostyle end of Nerve 154-168 from anterior at Am length. ring of of total body. Expanded portion oesophagus occupying 50-56 % oesophageal from beginning of expansion to a little above S2N. Carlength and granulated dia short, hemispherical, 13-17 /Am long. Oesophageal gland nuclei and orifices located as follows: DO = 47-50; DN = 49-53; DO-DN = 2.3-2.4; SlOl = 62-64; S102 = 69-75; S2N = 76-81; S20 = 77-81. Reproductive system amphidelphic. n. sp.

429

n. gen., n. sp. A - Female (entire), B - Head end showing lips and Fig. 1. Aporcedorus filicaudatus amphid, C - En faceview, D - T.S. of body at base of lip region showing amphids, E - Head end, F - Basal expanded portion of oesophagus, G - Posterior reproductive branch, H - Anal and rectal regions, I - Tail end.

430 transverse, body width vagina 26-29 Am or about half of corresponding branches and contain a Both long. genital equally developed well-developed sphincter at oviduct-uterus junction. Ovary reflexed with 10-15 oocytes. Prerectum 5-7 anal body widths long. Rectum 1.0-1.3 anal body widths long. Tail 20-27 anal body widths long and very long and filiform with acute terminus, with two caudal papillae on each side. Male. Not found and the uteri of females did not contain sperm. Type habitat and locality. Soil around roots of coconut, Coracoris sp. from near Mayeem lake, Becholim, Goa, India. Type specimens. Collected in April 1982; holotype female on slide Aporcedorus females on slides Aporcedorus n. gen., n. sp./1; 20 paratype filicaudatus n. in n. the nematode collection of the filicaudatus gen., sp./2-12; deposited Five female of Muslim India. Department Zoology, Aligarh University, are in nematode of Commonwealth Inthe collection the paratypes deposited stitute of Parasitology, St. Albans, U.K. Laimydorus dhanachandi n. sp. (Fig. 2) ' Vulva

The above species was collected in December, 1980 by Dr. Ch. Dhanachand from Kanchung Hills, Imphal, Manipur. Later, in April 1982 a few specimens of the same species were found by one of us (W.A.) in Ponda, Goa. These two localities are approximately 2300 kms apart and have very different agroclimatic conditions. This may be an indication that the species could be fairly in India. These specimens represent a new species, which is widely distributed characterized a and narrow flattened lip by long and attenuated odontostyle region with thick cuticle. Dimensions Type population (Imphal, Manipur): females (2): L = 3.03-3.04 mm; a = 65-74; b = 5.2-6.0; c = 17-20; Paratype V = 47-48; G1= 19-25; G2 = 20-28; odontostyle = 24-25 Am; c' = 6.5-7.4; = 30-38 Am; oesophagus = 500-510 Am; pre-rectum = 160-167 odontophore rectum = 33-35 Am; tail = 150-117 Am; ABD = 23-24 Am. female: L = 3.03 mm; a = 70; b = 5.8; c = 17; c' = 7.3; V = 46; Holotype = 30 Am; oesophagus = Gt = 12; G2 = 14; odontostyle = 22 Am; odontophore = 169 Am; rectum = 32 Am; tail = 176 Am; ABD = 24 Am. 517 Am; pre-rectum = = males Paratype (2): L = 2.73-2.82 mm; a = 78-82; b 5.1-5.4; c 188-195; T = 58-67; = 22-25 = 29-30 Am; oesophaodontostyle odontophore gus = 503-549 Am; spicules = 40-42 Am; lateral guiding pieces = 9-10 Am. Goa population Female: L = 2.80 mm; a = 74; b = 5.0 ; c = 7.6 ; c' = 17; V = 48 ; = = 28 G2 9; odontostyle = 23 Am; odontophore oesophagus = 554 rectum = 171 Am; rectum = 31 tail = 365 Am; ABD = 21 Am.

G1 = 9; pre-

431

Fig. 2. Laimydorusdhanachandin. sp. A - Female (entire), B - Male (entire), C - Oesophageal region, D - Head end, E - Basal region of oesophagus and intestine, F - Head end showing amphid, G - Part of posterior reproductive branch of fertilized female showing three-part uterus, H - Posterior reproductive branch of unfertilized female, I - Vulva (ventral), J - Junction of intestine and pre-rectum, K - Female tail end, L - Male tail end, M - Spicule, N - Lateral guiding piece, f - food.

432 mm; a = 74-75; b = 5.1; c = 175-202; T = 56-59; (2): L = 2.62-3.04 24-25 /Am; odontophore = 28 /Am; oesophagus = 514-594 /Am; odontostyle = = = 37-40 Am; lateral guiding pieces 11-12 spicules Males

Description Female. Body long and attenuated almost straight upon killing, remaining but towards tail. Cuticle 1.2 /Am tapering only slightly anteriorly markedly thick at mid-body, 3-4 Am on tail. Lateral hypodermal chords about one-third of body-width at mid-body. Body pores indistinct. Lip region almost truncate, continuous but slightly wider than adjoining body, 15-18 /Am wide, 5-6 /Am anterior sensilla but not modifying the lip conhigh, only slightly protruding tour. Amphid aperture 7-9 /Am wide, situated at 5-7 Am from anterior end of attenuated and about 1.4 body, fusus 18-20 jum from the aperture. Odontostyle lip region widths long, its aperture about 1/6th of its length. Guiding ring 'dousimble', basal ring about 14-16 Am from anterior end of body. Odontophore times the surrounded an 1.2-1.4 rod-like, odontostyle length, ple by ellipsoidal swelling. Nerve ring at 130-155 Am from anterior end of body. Expanded portion of oesophagus occupying about half of oesophageal length. Cardia short and rounded, 8-10 Am wide. Oesophageal gland nuclei and orifices located as follows: DO = 46-50; DN = 48-52; DO-DN = 2; S101 = 63-67; SiN2 = 70-74; Si02= 71-76; S2N = 81-86; S20 = 83-88. Intestine with very large flattened intestinal lumen wide and packed with cells, about 4 cells in circumference, food (f in Fig. 2, E & J). Reproductive Vulva very small, system amphidelphic. to about longitudinal (or pore-like). Vagina extending half-way across body. Cuticularized Ovaries large containpieces present at vulva-vagina junction. In fertilized ing many oocytes, sphincter present at oviduct-uterus junction. into three distinct zones (Fig. 2, G) females, the uterus becomes demarcated but the same differentiation is not so evident in unfertilized females. Prerectum 6-8 anal body widths long. Tail long filiform, 6-7 anal body widths 365 /Am or long. In the single female from Goa the tail is very long measuring about 17 anal body widths. Caudal papillae comprise a pair on each lateral side. Male. General morphology similar to that of female except that body slightly curved in ventrally posterior region. Supplements consisting of an adanal pair and 15-16 closely packed but non-contiguous ventro-medians. Spicules with median piece, about 2.5 anal body widths long. Lateral dorylaimoid, guiding pieces small, about 1/4th of spicule length. Pre-rectum extending well above supplements. Tail short conoid with well-developed papillae (Fig. 2, L). Type habitat and locality. Soil around roots of grasses from Kanchung Hills, India. Imphal, Manipur, Other habitat and locality. Soil around roots of paddy, Oryza sativa L., from near Manguesh temple, Ponda, Goa, India.

433 in December, female on slide 1980; holotype Type specimens. Collected n. dhanachandi one female and one male Laimydorus sp. / 1; paratype on slides & in dhanachandi n. the nematode collection of the 3; deposited sp./2 Laimydorus Muslum India. A paratype of Zoology, Department Aligarh University, female and paratype male are deposited in the nematode collection of the ComInstitute of Parasitology, monwealth St. Albans, U.K. The specimens from are collected in at Goa paddy Aligarh. Differential diagnosis. Laimydorus dhanachandi n. sp. differs from other species of Laimydorus Siddiqi, 1969 because of its attenuated odontostyle and flattened lip with L. dadayi region with thickened cuticle. It may, however, be compared & 1969 from which it can be differentiated (Thorne Swanger, 1936) AndrAssy in having a longer body, longer odontostyle, and more spaclonger pre-rectum ed ventro-median 15-16 1. 65-1. 75 mm; odontostyle Am long; supplements (L = about three anal body widths long and supplements close together pre-rectum in L. dadayi according to Andrissy, 1969). The new species is named after Dr. Ch. Dhanachand of of the Department Life Sciences, Manipur India. University, Imphal, Eudorylaimus himalus n. sp. (Fig. 3) Dimensions Paratype females (3): L = 1.22-1.31 (1.26) mm; a = 29-31 (30); b = 3.6-3.9 (3.7); c = 53-57 (55); c' = 0.9-1.0; V = 51-55 (53); G1 = 13-14 (13); G2 = 10-13 = 34-39 (36) Am; oesophagus = (12); odontostyle = 21-23 (22) /Am; odontophore = 54-67 (61) Am; rectum = 23-25 (24) /Am; 308-363 (335) Am; pre-rectum tail = 22-24 (23) Am; ABD = 24-26 (25) /Am. Holotype female: L = 1.18 mm; a = 26; b = 3.6; c = 56; c' = 0.87; V = 53; = 35 Am; oesophagus = Gl = 12; G2 = 11; odontostyle = 24 /Am; odontophore = = 77 Am; rectum 325 Am; pre-rectum 26 Am; tail = 21 tm; ABD = 24 /Am. Description Body ventrally curved, more strongly in posterior half upon killing, tapering Cuticle 2-3 Am thick at mid-body and 5-6 on only slightly towards extremities. Lateral striated. chords about one-third of body width tail, finely hypodermal at mid-body. Body pores indistinct. Lip region offset from body, 18-19 Am wide, 6-7 Am high. Lips conoid, anterior sensilla protruding slightly above lip contour. Amphid aperture 11-13 Am wide, situated at 6-8 Am from anterior end of body, fusus 24-26 Am from aperture. 1.2-1.3 attenuated, Odontostyle its one-third width about of its aperture length. Odontophore lip region long, simple rod-like, 1.4-1.6 times the odontostyle length. Guiding ring single 9-10 Am from anterior end of body. Nerve ring at 115-132 Am from anterior exExpanded tremity. portion of oesophagus occupying 42-49 % of oesophageal

434

himalusn. sp. A - Head end, B - Oesophagus, C - Head end showing amFig. 3. Eudorylaimus phid, D - Female (entire), E - Tail end, F - Anterior reproductive branch.

435 10-13 Am long. A thin cardiac disc present. length. Cardia short and rounded, and nuclei orifices located as follows: DO = 64; Oesophageal gland DN = 68-70; DO-DN = 4-6; S 101 = 7 7-79; SIN1 = 78-80; S 102 = 80-81; SiN2 = 81-82; S2N = 89-90; S20 = 91-93. Reproductive system amphidelphic. Vulva transverse. Unicellular glands and cuticularized pieces present at vulvaof corresponding vagina junction. Vagina small, reaching nearly one-third width. and Oviduct uterus not demarcated from one another, body clearly obscure. with several in 2 or 3 rows. Presphincter Ovary oocytes arranged rectum 2-3 anal body widths long. Tail short conoid, provided with 'saccate bodies' on the ventral side and a pair of caudal pores on each side. Male. Not found and sperm not present in the uteri of females. Type habitat and locality. Soil around roots of teak, Tectona grandis L. from district Chamoli, Uttar Pradesh, India. Ghangaria, in October, female on slide 1979; holotype Type specimens. Collected Eudorylaimus himalus n. sp./I; 2 paratype females on slides Eudorylaimus himalus n. sp./2 & 3; deposited in the nematode collection of the Department of Muslim India. One female is Zoology, Aligarh University, paratype deposited in the nematode collection of the Commonwealth Institute of Parasitology, St. U.K. Albans, Differential diagnosis. Eudorylaimus himalus n. sp. is related to E. spaulli Loof, 1975, E. coniceps Loof, 1975 and E. circulifer Loof, 1961. It differs from E. spaulli in having a smaller body and differently shaped tail with 'saccate bodies' 1.53-2.28 tail conoid arcuate with narrow terminus in E. spaulli); mm, (L = and from E. coniceps in having a smaller body, and differently shaped lip region and tail (L = 1.61-2.61 mm, lip region higher and amalgamated, tail conoid arcuate with narrow terminus in E. coniceps); and from E. circulifer in having a smaller body, offset lip region and differently shaped tail and lesser number of 'saccate bodies' (L = 1.50-2.00 mm, lip region continuous with body and tail rounded and more 'saccate bodies' in E. bluntly possessing circulifer).

ZUSAMMENFASSUNG filicaudatus n. Aporcedorus gen., n. sp. , Laimydorus dhanachandi n. sp. und Eudorylaimus himalus n. sp. (Nematoda:Dorylaimida)aus Indien n. gen., n. sp. und je eine neue Art der Gattungen Laimydorus Aporcedorus filicaudatus Siddiqi, 1969 und Eudorylaimus Andrssy, 1969 werden aus Indien beschrieben. Die neue Gattung Aporcedoruswird der Familie Aporcelaimidae Heyns, 1965 zugerechnet, weil die Mundffnung schlitzfrmig ist und dorso-vental liegt, und weil das Odontostyl eine groe ffnung hat. Sie unterscheidet sich aber von allen bestehenden Gattungen dieser Familie durch den langen fadenfrmidhanachandi n. sp. ist 2,6-3,0 mm lang, besitzt eine abgestumpfte Lipgen Schwanz. Laimydorus penregion mit dicker Cuticula, ein 21-25 m langes, verjngtes Odontostyl, 40-42 m lange Spicula und 15-16 dicht gepackte, sich aber nicht berhrende ventromediane Supplemente. Eudorylaimushimalusn. sp. ist 1,1-1,3mm lang, und hat eine niedrige, abgeflachte Lippenregion, ein 21-23 m langes verjngtes Odontostyl und einen kurzen konoiden Schwanz mit sackfrmigen Krperchen. DN ist weit entfernt von DO. Mnnchen wurden bei A. filicaudatusund E. himalus nicht gefunden.

436 REFERENCES I. (1969). Taxonomische Ubersicht der familien Prodorylaimidae n. fam. and ANDRASSY, Dorylaimidae de Man, 1876. OpusculaZoologica,Budapest9, 187-233. HEYNS, J. (1965). On the morphology and taxonomy of the Aporcelaimidae, a new family of Memoirs,SouthAfrica 10, 1-51. dorylaimoid nematodes. Entomology 21, 219-255. LOOF,P. A. A. (1975). Dorylaimoidea from some subantarctic islands. Nematologica n. gen., n. sp. (Nematoda: Tylencholaimidae) with M. R. (1969). Mumtaziummumtazae SIDDIQI, the proposal of Laimydorus n. gen. (Thornenematidae). Nematologica 15, 234-240.

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