Introduction to Automobile Engineering

Auto Itself + mobile one which can move

A self propelled vehicle used to transport passengers and goods upon the ground. An engine provides the power to move the vehicle.

Vehicle:- It is a device used to transport passengers and goods. Such as: Aeroplane, ship, car, bus, tractor, truck, trolley etc.

Automobile

 Vehicle which has its own power, but may be used for transportation on ground, water or air. Trolley, wagon of train are not self propelled. Motor Vehicle is another name for self propelled vehicle used for transportation on ground.

Self Propelled Vehicle

Classification 1. Automotive Engg

2.

On ground. Ex. Car, Bus, Jeep, Truck etc.

(Run)

Aeronautical Engg(Fly) In Air. Ex. Helicopter, rocket, aeroplane, etc. Marine Engg (Sail) Ex. Ship, Motor boat, etc. In Water.

3.

Classification of Automobiles

Main Components of an Automobile

Main Components of an Automobile

The The The The The The Chassis Engine Transmission system Body Controls Auxiliaries

1.
2. 3.

4.
5. 6.

Automobile Components

Basic Structure( It is called Chassis)

Main Components of an
Automobile

Super Structure ( It is called body)

 The Chassis is a combination of various systems and components that enable it to turn on the road. It is a French word to denote the frame or main structure of a vehicle. It is extensively used to denote the complete vehicle except the body for the heavy vehicle having a separate body. The chassis contains all the major units to propel the vehicle, direct its motion, stop it & allowed to run smoothly over uneven surfaces.

Chassis (Carrying Unit)

Layout of chassis & its components

Layout of chassis & its components

Chassis and Body

Classification of Chassis

This has to be done on following criterion: (A) According to Control Conventional Control basis:-In which engine is mounted in front of the drivers cabin. Semi forward control chassis:-In which engine is so mounted that half of it is in the drivers cabin & other half is in front, out side of the drivers cabin. Full forward control chassis:-In which engines mounted completely inside the drivers cabin. Max utilization of space is achieved.

(B) According to fitting /position of engine Engine fitted at front Engine fitted at middle Engine fitted at rear/back. (c) According to number of wheels and driving wheels 4x2 4x4 6x2 6x4

To support the load of the body, engine, gear box, propeller shaft, etc. To carry the load of passengers or goods carried by the vehicle. To offer resistance to deflection due to static and dynamics loads acting on the body. To withstand other forces such as centrifugal force while cornering, sudden Function of Chassis braking or due to bad road conditions.

 A frame is the main structure of the chassis of a motor vehicle on which the remaining parts of the chassis are mounted. It is a rigid structure that forms a skelton to hold all the major parts together. The engine is mounted in the forward end of the frame and is connected to the clutch and transmission unit to form a complete power assembly. The wheels and tyre assemblies support Frame the frame.

Frames

Functions of Frame

To carry the weight of the vehicle & its passengers. To withstand the centrifugal force while cornering. To withstand the static and dynamic loads. To withstand the bending stresses and twisting due to the rise and fall of the front & rear axles. To withstand the engine and transmission torque and thrust stresses, as well as accelerating and braking torques.

Classification of Frames 1.Conventional Frame

2.Semi Integral Frame

3.Integral or Utilized Frame

Materials for Frame

Body

Body is the super structure of the vehicle. The main purpose of the body is to provide accommodation for the driver, passengers and goods with suitable protection against wind, weather and accidents. Requirements of bodies of vehicle The body should be light. It should provide sufficient space for passengers and luggage. It should have minimum number of components. It should withstand vibrations while in motion.

Contd..

It should offer minimum resistance to air. It should be cheap & easy in manufacturing. It should be attractive in shape and colour. It should have uniformly distributed load. It should have long fatigue life. It should provide good vision and ventilation. It should give good access to engine and other serviceable parts.

Different types of body

Contd.

Transmission System
Transmission is the mechanism which is used to transfer the power of the engines crankshaft to the wheels of an automobile. The power transmission system includes: 1. Engine 2. Crankshaft 3. Clutch 4. Gear Box 5. Universal joint 6. Propeller Shaft 7. Differential Gear Box

Necessity of Transmission

To keep engine connected with the road wheels only when desired. To connect or disconnect power from the engine smoothly & without jerks. To drive the drive wheels in the opposite direction also. To control the motion of vehicle at various speeds with variation in resistance. To enable to turn the drive through 90. To bear the effects of torque reaction, driving thrust and braking effort effectively.

Engine is fitted at the front of the vehicle. Front wheels pull the vehicle in forward direction. All the forces acting on the front two wheels. Generally used in heavy vehicles like buses, trucks, etc. Front drive cars save spaces.

Arrangement of Front Engine Drive

Engine is fitted at the back side of the vehicle. Vehicle is pushed by the engine. All the forces comes on the rear wheels. With the use of rear wheel drives, traction improves and tyre wear decreases.

Arrangement of Rear Engine Drive

Four Wheel Drive

The 4 wheel drive system will send exactly right amount of torque to each wheel, which is the max torque that kept vehicle stable. Generally used in the vehicles which are running on ice roads or slippery roads. This system is having two differentials( front and rear). The two differential gear boxes send the torque from the driveshaft or transmission to the drive wheels.

Clutch
Clutch is a mechanism which connects or
disconnects the transmission of power from one working power to another. It is generally fitted to the flywheel at the rear end of the crankshaft or between the flywheel and the gear box. Function To permit engagement or disengagement of a gear when the vehicle is stationary & the engine is running.

To transmit the engine power to the road wheels smoothly without shock to the transmission system while setting the vehicle in motion.

To permit the engagement of the gears when the vehicle is in motion without damaging the

Classification of Clutch

Single Plate Clutch

Multi-plate Clutch

Cone Clutch

Centrifugal Clutch