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f at , L ri THE GREAT WARMING ! CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE | RISE AND FALL OF CIVILIZATIONS BRIAN FAGAN The Great Warming CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE RISE AND FALL OF CIVILIZATIONS Brian Fagan BLOOMSBURY PRESS Copyright © 2008 by Brian Fagan All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission from the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews. For information address Bloomsbury Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010. Published by Bloomsbury Press, New York Distributed to the trade by Macmillan ART CREDITS Maps by Steve Brown; Wharram Percy medieval village reconstruction, p. 2, © by English Heritage Photo Library; Surface Temperature Reconstructions for the Last 2,000 Years, p. 17, reprinted with permission from the National Academies Press, © 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences; Mande Hunter and Snake Avatar, p. 84, from The Way the Wind Blows, ed. Roderick J. McIntosh et al., @ 2000 by Columbia University Press; Double-hulled Tahitian canoe, p. 192, © by Corbis; Temperature curve for eastern China, p. 215, reprinted with permission from the National Academies Press, © 2006 by the National Academy of Sciences. All papers used by Bloomsbury Press are natural, recyclable products made from wood grown in well-managed forests, The manufacturing processes conform to the environmental regulations of the country of origin, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-D PUBLICATION DATA Fagan, Brian M. ‘The great warming : climate change and the rise and fall of 1st US. ed. civilizations / Brian Faga pom Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-39691-392-9 (alk. paper) 1. Global warming—History—To 500. 2, Human beings—Effect of climate on. 3. Climatic changes—Social aspects. L. Title. QCo81. 8. G56F34 2008 g041s—deaz 2007023092 First U.S. Edition 2008 3.579 10 8 6 42 Designed by Rachel Reiss Typeset by Westchester Book Group Printed in the United Seates of America by Quebecor World Fairfield

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