Water Waste Water Treatment

WATER AND
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
Information
Technical data
Wastewater
treatment plant
www.balmoraltanks.com
Rainwater
harvesting systems
Water storage
Balmoral Tanks
Wastewater treatment plant 3
Septic tanks 9
Balmoral Continuous Aeration Plant (CAP) 15
Balmoral HydroClearTM 21
Balmoral Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) 29
Balmoral rainwater harvesting systems 37

Home-HarvestTM rainwater system 44
Garden-HarvestTM rainwater system 46
Water storage 49
Above ground water storage 55
Underground water storage 56
Balmoral Hydrostack emergency water storage 57
Balmoral Tanks Ltd 59

Balmoral Group 61
HEAD OFFICE AND FACTORIES

Balmoral Park, Loirston, Aberdeen AB12 3GY, Scotland
Tel +44 (0)1224 859000 Fax +44 (0)1224 859123
Email tanks@balmoral.co.uk www.balmoraltanks.com
©2009 Balmoral Tanks. All rights reserved. This publication is protected by copyright. No part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form, by any means, electronic, mechanical,
photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the copyright owners. Balmoral Tanks believe that the information printed in this brochure is accurate, and published for information only.
No warrants, express or implied, are contained therein, nor does any legal liability attach to Balmoral Tanks for any reason whatsoever. The company’s policy is one of continuous product improvement and we reserve
the right to make alterations to our range and specification without prior notice.
treatment plant
Wastewater
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT PLANT
Reference should be made to the following guidance notes

• Environment Agency Pollution Prevention Guidelines PPG4
• British Standards 6297
• European Standards BSEN12566
• Building Control Regulations 2000 Part H Drainage and Waste Disposal, 2002 edition
• British Water Flows and Loads - 2
3
Mains and off-mains drainage
The majority of houses in the UK are linked to the public
sewerage system; you pull the plug, flush the toilet, pay
the monthly bill and have little more to worry about. This
is mains drainage.
In rural areas many homes and villages are self-contained,

ie, the wastewater flows to a cesspool, septic tank or
treatment plant. This has no connection to the public
sewerage system and is known as off-mains. Choosing the right sewage
treatment and disposal method for
your site is essential to ensure
value for money, effective long-
term performance, protection of
public health and the environment,
and compliance with relevant
legislation*
If you’re off-mains what are your options?

If you seek a solution to your off-mains wastewater disposal,
one of the three following options will be required:
Q Septic tank
Q Package wastewater treatment plant
Q Cesspool
Septic tank
Solids and liquids separate in a septic tank with the liquids
receiving minimum biological treatment. The liquid in the
centre of the tank is discharged via an outlet before passing
Septic tank
through a soakaway system which must be installed to national
standards.
The solids that gather at the bottom of the tank must be

emptied regularly to prevent overflow and potential soakaway
damage.
Package wastewater treatment plant

So-called because these products bring together all the
requirements to treat wastewater to a high standard within a
single pre-fabricated system. Generally consisting of a two or
three chamber treatment process, effluent is treated
aerobically, ie, using oxygen, to such a standard that it is
Package wastewater treatment plant usually acceptable to discharge directly into watercourse.
Package treatment plants require an electrical connection and

should be emptied regularly dependent on usage and capacity.
Cesspool
This is a single watertight underground chamber which simply
stores raw sewage for collection. Usually constructed in GRP,
concrete or brick these can be very large and must be emptied
regularly to avoid overflowing.
Unless there is absolutely no other solution - where the ground

conditions prevent the installation of a soakaway system or
there is no natural watercourse to discharge to for example -
cesspools are not a favoured choice, either of the property
Cesspool
owner or the environmental agencies.
* Source: EA PPG4 5
Which one is for you?
Now that you have identified the requirement for a
wastewater treatment system, how do you know which one is
correct for your property?
As the final effluent will be discharged into the ground via a

soakaway, raised mound, reed bed or watercourse, a full
assessment should be undertaken by a qualified engineer.
This will normally include geographic research in terms of

water table height, a site visit and a percolation test.
Combined, these factors will determine the type of system
that best meets your criteria.
Contact local Building Control (BC) office

and environmental regulator for selection
of discharge type1
Pollution of the environment is a

criminal offence and compliance
with one or more Guidance Note is
Public Sewer Surface/open
Soakaway discharge
discharge water discharge
not a defence to such offences. It

is recommended that you check
the references to other sources of
Confirm acceptance Discuss BC approval Obtain approval
to adopt discharge for septic tank2 from environmental
Site unsuitable for soakaway

with local water discharge through regulator for
guidance to ensure they are still

company provider soakaway system discharge
(subject to site authorisation -
current*
assessment) Consent Licence
Registration (CLR)
Perform site Perform site Perform site

assessment for assessment for assessment and
gravity or pumped soakaway suitability, using CLR, select
discharge to public including percolation Balmoral Hydroclear,
sewer point test CAP or SBR to suit
effluent quality
and population
requirement
Submit plans with Size system for Submit plans with

details of proposed population details of proposed
system to BC for requirement and system to BC for
final approval submit plans to BC final approval
for final approval
1 Balmoral Tanks Sales will be able to offer further independent advice where
multiple options exist
2 In some circumstances a Package Treatment Plant may be required - select
Balmoral Hydroclear, CAP or SBR
Consent to discharge
Where effluent will be discharged to a watercourse and
depending on the volume, consent must be granted by your
local environment agency before you begin your installation. If
you do not obtain such a “licence” you may be liable to
prosecution.
Your agency will be happy to advise you on the level of

effluent treatment required in the area and this information
will help you determine which type of wastewater treatment
plant should be installed. You will then be required to
complete and submit a Consent to Discharge application form
including a fee to the appropriate agency.
Consent to discharge criteria is normally expressed in

permitted milligrams per litre for the following factors:
Q Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
Q Suspended Solids (SS)
Q Ammonia (NH3)
6 * Source: EA PPG4
Will you need planning permission?
You should contact your local authority to determine whether or
not planning permission is required before you begin the project.
Quite often, in new build situations particularly, this approval

will form part of the overall permission but be sure to have this
clarified in every case.
Installation Any proposals for non-mains

sewerage systems must take
It is recommended that wastewater treatment plants shouldn’t
be sited any nearer than 25m from an inhabitated building
although some local authorities may allow installation account of the requirements of
Building Regulations and should
considerably closer. For single house installations 15m is
generally considered as a reasonable distance though
agreement should always be sought from your local authority be discussed with the local
planning authority at an early
before installation.
stage and well before any

The plant should not be installed close to a driveway or road or
indeed anywhere else where there is a risk of it being
subjected to additional superimposed loadings. planning application is made*
Access should be maintained for the desludging tanker, these
can normally achieve a reach of approximately 20m.
The installation must be carried out by suitably qualified

personnel and special care is required when installing in
adverse conditions such rocky substrata or where the water
table runs high, for example.
Sewage treatment is an ongoing Commissioning, maintenance and

process and the micro-organisms after sales support
must stay healthy for the system
We would always recommend that your wastewater
treatment plant is commissioned, ie, installation check and
to work. You should desludge the initial activation, by a Balmoral approved engineer. We would
system regularly to prevent the

also recommend that you undertake an annual maintenance
programme to ensure your plant continues to operate at its
build up of sludge and solids so full potential. We will be very happy to help you initiate this,
that sewage flows freely through

if requested, when your plant is commissioned.
the unit*
In any case, you should inspect your wastewater plant
monthly to ensure the effluent is flowing freely. Desludging
intervals are dependent upon the tank’s capacity and
further information on this is provided in the product-
specific sections.
Our after sales support team is always available either by

calling 01283 562382 or by sending an email to
service@weareserious.co.uk. We will be happy to answer
your questions if you don’t find the information you require
at the FAQ section of our website.
7
SEPTIC TANKS
Septic tanks
Key benefits
Q Impact resistant body moulded in one-piece polyethylene
Q Wide base and lifting eyes
Q Adjustable invert depth
Q Fully sized, two stage separation treatment chambers
Q Integral venting pipework
Q Wide range to suit population requirements
Q BBA Accredited (Cert. no. 94/3021)
9
SEPTIC TANKS
A septic tank is designed to provide what is known as 3

primary treatment to crude wastewater produced in a 2
normal domestic environment. It retains solids and
allows them to settle out, where they can be partially
broken down by biological action so that only the
remaining liquor is left to flow down the outlet drain.
This liquor (normally called effluent) is then
sufficiently treated to soak into the ground in an
underground soakaway system.
1 7
How does it work?

Balmoral septic tanks are designed in accordance with
British Standard Code of Practice BS6297 and are
based on a two chamber design (4 and 5) with a long
flow path which ensures a high degree of settlement
(6), thus providing a low level of suspended solids
5
suitable for discharge (7) into an underground
soakaway system.
Design features
Q The tanks have a flat base for stability during
transportation and storage prior to installation 6
Q The tanks have Ø50mm moulded-in lifting eyes for

use during handling and installation (To be used 4
only when the tank is empty)
Q The inlet and outlet pipework is specially designed

to disperse any noxious or inflammable gases into
the atmosphere through the drainage ventilation
1 110mm Inlet
2 Rodding access
Q The standard septic tank is designed to cater for
3 Pedestrian duty manhole cover
drain invert depths of 770mm. The neck can be 4 Settlement chamber
reduced to suit shallower invert depth 5 Cylindrical baffle
6 Settlement
Q The inlet pipe can be rotated by 180° to line up 7 110mm Outlet
with the drainage lines from almost any direction
Q The system of baffles ensure that no crude solids

escape into the outlet drain, avoiding premature
blocking of the soakaway system
Q A fully lockable pedestrian duty manhole cover is

supplied as standard to comply with statutory
regulations
Q A safety grille can also be supplied as an optional

item to fit across the access shaft as an additional
safety feature
Q Balmoral septic tanks are tested and approved by

the British Board of Agrément (Cert. no. 94/3021)
11
BST27
Balmoral septic tanks
Ø760mm
Nominal access
Specifications Ground level

Population served 1-4
Max hydraulic load (l/day) 800
Organic load (g BOD5/day) n/a
770
890
NH3 (g/per day) n/a Reduced
invert
Total capacity (litres) 2700 cut line
Inlet
Diameter (mm) 1840 Outlet
Height (mm) 2400

Empty plant weight (kg) 197
2400
Energy usage (kWh/day) 0
Inlet invert (mm) 770
Outlet invert (mm) 890
Pipework fitting (mm) Ø110
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Desludging interval 12 months
Product code BST27-WLID-NN
Accreditation BBA Ø1275
(Cert No. 94/3021)
Ø1840
BST38
Specifications
Ground level
Ø760mm
Nominal access

Max hydraulic load (I/day) 2000
770
890

Reduced
invert
NH3 (g/day) n/a

cut line
Inlet
Outlet
Total capacity (litres) 3800
Diameter (mm) 2045
Height (mm) 2640
2640

Lid size (mm) Ø760
(Cert No. 94/3021)
Ø2045
12
BST45
Balmoral septic tanks
Ø760mm
Nominal access
Ground level
Specifications
770
890
Reduced
invert

cut line
Inlet
NH3 (g/day) n/a
Outlet

Diameter (mm) 2165
2770
Height (mm) 2770
Lid size (mm) Ø760
(Cert No. 94/3021)
Ø2165
BST60
Ø760mm
Nominal access
Ground level
770
Specifications
890
Reduced
invert
cut line
Max hydraulic load (I/day) 4400 Inlet
Outlet

NH3 (g/day) n/a
3005
Diameter (mm) 2365

Height (mm) 3005
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Accreditation BBA
(Cert No. 94/3021)
Ø1275
Ø2365
13
BALMORAL CAP
Continuous Aeration Plant
Balmoral CAP
Key benefits
Q Impact resistant body moulded in one-piece polyethylene
Q Wide base for stability and ease of handling and storage
Q Sturdy lifting eyes for easy handling and installation
Q Achieves Royal Commission standards for effluent quality

under normal domestic conditions
Q Powered by a small, near silent air compressor
Q Corrosion resistant
Q The Balmoral CAP is tested and approved by the Irish

Agrément Board (Cert. no. 02/0148)
15
BALMORAL CAP
Continuous Aeration Plant
The Balmoral CAP is a biological aeration type

treatment plant designed to produce a moderate
quality of final effluent in addition to overcoming
several of the common problems associated with
small packaged domestic wastewater treatment units. 7
Common problems which can occur are:

Q “Fixed film” types, which have a “media” matrix,
can suffer from media blockage because of
excessive bacteria growth. Replacement/
6
maintenance of the media material may be
required at regular intervals
Q Mechanical/electrical components within the tanks

are difficult to maintain and can be a safety risk 5
3
Q The liquor is not spread evenly over the available
bacteria preventing an adequate oxygen supply
1
The Balmoral CAP overcomes these problems
because: 2
Q There is no “fixed” media within the CAP to
become blocked - it operates on the “activated
sludge” principal whereby the bacteria floats in
suspension in the reactor vessel and forms an 4
“active soup” of “mixed liquor”
Q All functions within the tank are operated by air

power generated by a small compressor contained in
the neck of the tank, allowing maintenance to be
carried out safely and easily
1 Primary settlement tank
2 Reactor vessel
Q The bacteria receives a high quality air supply and
3 Transfer pipe
is completely mixed and aerated by the high 4 Fine bubble diffuser
volume fine bubble diffuser 5 Calming pipe
6 Outlet pipe
How does it work?

7 Air compressor
Crude wastewater enters the main outer chamber (1)

where the initial settlement takes place, with the
heaviest solids sinking and the floating matter rising.
The liquor from the main section is transferred to the
central chamber (2) where it is continuously aerated
by the fine bubble diffuser (4) which encourages
bacteria to provide the second stage of treatment.
The mid section of this treated effluent is then

removed from the chamber through a calming pipe (5)
which allows a further brief settlement before
discharge (6).
The air compressor (7) runs continuously. It is

contained within the neck of the tank and is
accessible for maintenance if required.
Easy access is available to both chambers for

desludging which is an annual operation.
17
CAP6
Balmoral Continuous Aeration Plant
Ø760mm
Nominal access
Ground level
Specifications
770
890
Organic load (g BOD5/day) 360
Reduced
invert
NH3 (g/per day) 48

cut line
Inlet
Outlet
Diameter (mm) 2045
Height (mm) 2640
2640
Energy usage (kWh/day) 1.4
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BCAP-6-NN
Pump version BCAP-6-NN-WPUMP
Accreditation IAB (Cert No. 02/0148)
Ø1275
Ø2045
CAP6
Specifications
Low
invert
Ground level
Ø760mm
Nominal access

500

620
NH3 (g/per day) 48 Inlet

Outlet
Diameter (mm) 2045

Height (mm) 2370
2370

Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BCAP-6-NN-LINV
Pump version BCAP-6-NN-WPUMP-LINV
Ø1275
Ø2045
18
CAP12
Balmoral Continuous Aeration Plant
Ø760mm
Nominal access
Ground level
770
Specifications
890
Reduced
invert
cut line

Inlet
Outlet

NH3 (g/per day) 96
3005
Diameter (mm) 2365
Height (mm) 3005
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BCAP-12-NN
Pump version BCAP-12-NN-WPUMP
Ø1275
Ø2365
CAP12 Low
Ø760mm
Nominal access
invert
Ground level
Specifications
500
620

Inlet
Outlet

NH3 (g/per day) 96
2735
Diameter (mm) 2365

Height (mm) 2735
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BCAP-12-NN-LINV
Pump version BCAP-12-NN-WPUMP-LINV
Ø1275
Ø2365
19
BALMORAL
HYDROCLEAR
TM
HydroClearTM
Balmoral
Key benefits
Q Market leading pollutant removal level of 97%
Q 24 month service period reduces operating costs
Q 6-50 pop options
Q Cost effective installation
Q Virtually silent operation
Q Carries full CE accreditation to BS EN12566-3
21
BALMORAL HYDROCLEAR
TM
9
6 10
8
1 110-160mm inlet depending
7 on model
2 Primary settlement chamber
3 Aeration chamber
4 Final settlement chamber
1 5 110-160mm outlet depending
5 on model
6 160mm capped lid:
desludge point
11 7 Electrical isolator switch
8 Air compressor with warning
system (240V)
9 760mm manway lid: bolted
2 3 down and sealed
4 10 160mm capped lid:
desludge point
12 11 Bio media
12 Bubble diffuser
An aerated biological system, the HydroClear benefits Design features

from a moving bed biological reactor, or MBBR, at its Q Class-leading performance The HydroClear produces an
core. A new process in the package wastewater market, astonishing market leading pollutant removal level of
MBBR technology embraces the benefits of common fixed 97%. Carrying full CE accreditation to BS EN12566-3,
film media processes without suffering their common final values are achieved for BOD, SS and NH4-N of
downfalls. 10:13:6mg/l respectively.
Overgrowth of bacteria leading to ‘channelling’ is an issue Q Lower operating costs With its unprecedented 24-
with common process designs such as submerged aerated month service period and enhanced capacities the
filters (SAF), rotating biological contactors (RBC) or HydroClear can dramatically reduce long term operating
trickling filter (TF) designs. costs. This is achieved through the inherent reliability
of the simple but effective design rather than using
How does it work? complex systems that require frequent maintenance
The Balmoral HydroClear system incorporates a full size and desludging to achieve optimum performance.
three chamber design, ie, primary settlement, aeration Q Easy installation Further benefits are realised from the
chamber and final settlement. outset with optimised design characteristics meaning
Within the primary settlement chamber, large solids are the 6-pop model can be installed using a 2.5-tonne
removed by settlement and flotation. An accumulation mini-digger rather than the 7 or 12-tonne machines
forms at the base of the tank and is removed annually or required for traditional plants. These design values are
biennially by desludging. reflected across the entire HydroClear range resulting
in simple, cost effective installation with minimal
The clarified water then passes to the biological reactor damage to the surrounding area.
where it is treated to remove the dissolved constituents.
Mobile media elements support large bacterial Q Power failure default Even if the power fails the
populations within the reaction chamber while induced air HydroClear will continue performing as a septic tank to
promotes complete mixing ensuring that full treatment is ensure continued environmental protection.
achieved. Q Silence is golden High performance diaphragm blowers
are used across the full range of HydroClears providing
Unlike conventional media beds, MBBR systems are self
virtually silent operation.
cleaning and unable to become blocked through
channelling. Media interactions produce a sloughing effect Q Odour minimisation Hermetically sealed and market
that removes excess bacteria thus ensuring continuous re- leading performance means the HydroClear effectively
growth, optimising overall reactor efficiency. combats odour production.
The treated effluent and sloughed off bacteria flows into Q 6-50-pop options The HydroClear is available in 6, 12,
the final settlement chamber where any remaining small 30, 40 and 50-population models, in single or multitank
solids are removed prior to the clarified effluent being designs, depending on size, offering a highly flexible
discharged from the plant. solution to space-limited sites.
23
Balmoral HydroClearTM
Ø760mm Ø760mm
Access to air
Ground level compressor
1050
1000
2450
Inlet Outlet
Max
width
3400 1250
Specifications
HC6
Population served 1-6 Energy usage (kWh/day) 1.8

Max hydraulic load (l/day) 1200 Inlet invert (mm) 1000
Organic load (g BOD5/day) 360 Outlet invert (mm) 1050
NH3 (g/per day) 48 Pipework fitting (mm) Ø110
Total capacity (litres) 4440 Lid size (mm) Ø760
Length (mm) 3400 Desludging interval 12 months
Width (mm) 1250 Product code BHYD-6
Height (mm) 2450 Accreditation CE (BS EN 12566-3)
Access to air
Ø760mm Ø760mm compressor
Desludging point Desludging point
Ground level (160mm) (160mm)
1000
1050
2450
Inlet Outlet
Max
width
4500 1400
Specifications
HC12

24
Ø760mm Ø760mm
Desludging point Access to air Desludging point
Ground level (160mm) compressor (160mm)
1000
1050
2450
Inlet Outlet
Max
width
5680 1400
Specifications
HC20

Access to air
Ø760mm Ø760mm compressor
Desludging point Desludging point Rodding point Desludging point
Ground level (160mm) (160mm) (160mm)
1000
1050
1050
Inlet Outlet
2450
600 min
distance Max
between width
4500 tanks 4500 1400
Primary tank Aeration/final settlement tank
9600 min overall length
Specifications
HC30

Overall length (mm) 9600 (minimum) Desludging interval 6 months
Note: The HC30 can be installed in line or side by side as conditions dictate
25
Access to air
compressor
Ø760mm Ø760mm
Desludging point Desludging point Rodding point Desludging point
Ground level (160mm) (160mm) (160mm)
1000
1050
1050
Inlet Outlet
2450
600 min
distance
between
4500 tanks 5680
Primary tank Aeration/final settlement tank Max
width
10780 min overall length 1400
Specifications
HC40

Access to air
Desludging point Desludging point compressor Desludging point
(160mm) Ø760mm (160mm) Ø760mm Ø760mm (160mm)
Rodding point Rodding point
Ground level
1050
1050
1050
1000
Inlet
2450
Outlet
600 min 600 min

distance distance
between between
5680 tanks 4500 tanks 3400
Primary tank Aeration tank Final settlement tank Max
width
14780 min overall length 1400
Specifications
HC50

26
Desludging intervals Operating cost calculator
A number of products on the market state 12-month Visit balmoralhydroclear.com to compare the life cycle costs
desludging intervals, similar to the HydroClear 6-pop. of alternative products with the Balmoral HydroClear.
However, the primary settlement capacities of some of these
products could be smaller than the HC6 by as much as 66%.
Unless accounted for by special process design this can result
in desludging being required three times more frequently than
the HydroClear. Similar circumstances may also be found in
ranges above 6 pop.
Using the Balmoral sludge gauge, end-users can accurately

measure sludge build up. Where reduced loadings exist, the
HydroClear can operate safely with longer desludging intervals
in comparison to similar sized products.
Servicing
The Balmoral HydroClear has been specifically designed to
operate round a 24-month service interval; one of the longest
available in the market.
The simplicity of the system also gives the end-user an option

to service their plant using accredited engineers or perform a
self service using Balmoral supplied kits. Either choice means
paying less in service costs over the product’s lifetime.
Balmoral HydroClear 6-pop Comparable treatment plant

10 year maintenance costs 10 year maintenance costs
End of year one £ £
Two-yearly service by owner NR 200 Annual engineer service
Two-yearly desludge NR 200 Annual desludge
Total first year cost 0 400 Total first year cost
End of year two
Two-yearly service by owner (service kit) 50 200 Annual engineer service
Two-yearly desludge 200 200 Annual desludge
Cumulative two year costs 250 800 Cumulative two year costs
End of year three
Two-yearly service by owner 0 200 Annual engineer service
Cumulative three year costs 250 1200 Cumulative three year costs
End of year four
Two-yearly service by owner 50 200 Annual engineer service
Cumulative four year costs 500 1600 Cumulative four year costs
Cumulative six year costs 750 2400 Cumulative six year costs
Cumulative eight year costs 1000 3200 Cumulative eight year costs
Cumulative ten year costs 1250 4000 Cumulative ten year costs
Life cycle costs: HydroClear v Comparable treatment plant

4,000
nt
pla
nt
t me
3,500
t rea
Cumulative servicing costs (£)
le
3,000
arab
mp
Co
2,500
2,000
1,500
1,000
It has been assumed that the
Balmoral HydroClear desludge interval for the
500 HydroClear will be twice as long
as the comparable product and
0 self servicing will be carried out
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 on the HydroClear every two
years. The HydroClear’s actual
Plant lifetime (years) desludge interval may be longer
than this depending on usage.
27
BALMORAL SBR
Sequential Batch Reactor
Balmoral SBR
Key benefits
Q Controlled batching of water treatment provides unrivalled

effluent quality
Q Bespoke designs available to meet specific flow and load

requirements
Q Completely separate control kiosk houses a modern PLC

control system
Q No high voltage electrics within the tanks providing a safe design
Q Internal venting pipework
Q Tested and approved by the BBA (Cert. no. 01/3786) and

Irish Agrément Board (Cert. no. 02/0150)
29
BALMORAL SBR
Sequential Batch Reactor
12
11
Maximum level
The Balmoral Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) combines
the efficiency of activated sludge aeration with batch Fill
treatment to provide exceptional effluent quality even
under extreme loadings. 8
9
In common with all Balmoral products, no compromise
is made with regard to quality or design and the Minimum level
advanced technology and materials used in the
1 10
manufacture of the SBR will ensure a lifetime of
reliable service with the very minimum of maintenance.
7
The Balmoral SBR has been designed and built by
Balmoral Tanks in association with the University of
Abertay, Dundee, Waste Water Technology Centre,
who acted as external consultants. The university Settled sludge level
carried out an in-depth test programme during which

the SBR was tested and evaluated alongside a leading
6
competitors model.
3 4
The aim of the development programme was to design
a unit which was not only very robust and reliable but
which would provide outstanding effluent quality
without the need for expensive “add on” equipment
and would also overcome technical problems - (such
2 5
as peak surges through the bio-zone), which most
current designs have failed to adequately address.
The final report from the WWTC confirms that the

Balmoral SBR out-performs its rivals in almost every
respect and that it has the capability to meet even the 1 110-160mm inlet depending on model
most onerous effluent requirement. 2 Primary settlement chamber
3 Buffer storage of 2/3 daily flow
How does it work?

4 Air lift pump
5 Bubble diffuser
Crude wastewater enters the Primary Settlement Tank 6 Activated sludge storage
7 Clarified effluent
(PST) (2) where gross solids settle out and the 8 Batch cycle volume of 1/3 daily flow
supernatant liquor remaining near the surface can be 9 Second air lift pump
drawn off. Substantial “buffer” storage volume is 10 110-160mm outlet depending on model
11 Desludge point
provided in the PST to cope with even the most 12 600mm manway lid: bolted down and sealed
extreme peak flow loadings (3).
A set volume (or batch) of the liquor is transferred to

the Reactor Vessel (RV) by an “air-lift” pump (4) Design features
where it is mixed and aerated by a powerful air Q Unrivalled effluent quality
bubble diffuser (5) for a period of 4 hours. During this
Q Reduces main pollutants including ammonia by 96%
aeration cycle efficient oxygen transfer cultures a
dense “soup” of bacteria (the active sludge) which Q Batching system eliminates peak surges
feeds on the sewage liquor thereby removing most of
Q Controlled by an integrated programmable control unit
the organic pollutants. After aeration, the bubble
diffuser is switched off and there is a settling period Q Automatic “holiday mode” aeration cycle
during which the dense activated sludge sinks to the
Q Powered by an air compressor
bottom of the RV leaving behind the clarified
effluent, (7) which is then discharged into the drain Q Safe - no 240 volt electrics within tanks
by a second “air-lift” pump (9).
Q Very robust - one piece moulded polyethylene body
All functions within the tanks are operated by air
Q Reliable - all components easily accessible
power which is supplied by an electric air compressor
and the system is controlled by an integrated Q The Balmoral SBR is tested and approved by the British Board
programmable unit which monitors the process to of Agrément (Cert. no. 94/3021) and the Irish Agrément
take account of flow conditions. Board (Cert no. 02.0150)
31
SBR6
Balmoral Sequential Batch Reactor
Control kiosk
Desludging point Ø760mm
Specifications Ground level
620
Organic load (g BOD5/day) 360 Service duct
1130
1240
(Ø110mm)
NH3 (g/per day) 48
Diameter (mm) 2045
Height (mm) 3005
Inlet Outlet
3005
Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BSBR6
Accreditation BBA (Cert No. 01/3786) Ø1275
IAB (Cert No. 02/0150) Ø2045
SBR12
Control kiosk
Desludging point Ø760mm
Ground level
Specifications
620

1085
975

Service duct
(Ø110mm)

NH3 (g/per day) 96
Total capacity (litres) 6000 Inlet Outlet
Diameter (mm) 2365

Height (mm) 3175
3175

Lid size (mm) Ø760
Product code BSBR12
Accreditation BBA (Cert No. 01/3786) Ø1275
IAB (Cert No. 02/0150) Ø2365
32
Ø760mm Control Ø760mm

Rodding point kiosk Rodding point
Ground level
932
977
Inlet Fall between tanks
approx 1 in 40mm Outlet
3005
300
Ø1275 37 Ø1275
Ø2365 Ø2365
Specifications
SBR18

Width (mm) Ø2365 Product code BSBR18
Height (mm) 3005 Accreditation BBA (Cert No. 01/3786)
Empty plant weight (kg) 587 IAB (Cert No. 02/0150)
Ø760mm Control Ø760mm

Rodding point kiosk Rodding point
Ground level
932
977

3005
300
Ø1275 37 Ø1275
Ø2365 Ø2365
Specifications
SBR24

33
Pedestrian duty Control Ø760mm

Rodding point manhole cover kiosk Rodding point
Ground level
898
977
2824
3005
370
275
Ø1275
3050 Ø2365
Specifications
SBR36

Pedestrian duty Control Pedestrian duty

manhole cover kiosk manhole cover
Rodding point Rodding point
Ground level
1030
921
Inlet Fall between

tanks approx Outlet
2824
1 in 40mm
303
59
3050 3050
Specifications
SBR48

Width (mm) 2275 Product code BSBR48
34
SBR +
Balmoral Tanks also designs and
manufactures wastewater treatment
plants for larger commercial and
domestic applications. Please
contact Balmoral Tanks to discuss
your project requirements.
35
BALMORAL
RAINWATER
HARVESTING
SYSTEMS
harvesting systems
Balmoral rainwater
37
Balmoral rainwater harvesting systems
Balmoral rainwater harvesting systems reduce the demand for
mains water provision. Many springs and rivers are naturally
fed by groundwater and are important for wetlands and their
ecosystems. More than 25% of groundwater sources are at risk
because of abstraction pressures.
By gathering and recycling rainwater, Balmoral’s harvesting

systems reduce the volume of discharged rainwater and
contribute to reduced flood risks. The loading on combined
sewer overflows is also lowered resulting in improved river
water quality.
Balmoral offers two kinds of rainwater harvesting tanks for

home and garden purposes: Toilets 33.3%
(harvestable)
Balmoral Home-Harvest Rainwater SystemTM - page 44

Designed for easy installation and reliable operation, each Personal washing 33.3%
Gardens 6.1%
(harvestable)
system provides the highest quality non-potable rainwater for
Dishwashing 7.7%
toilet flushing, washing machines, garden irrigation and
Direct heating systems 0.1% Clothes washing 14%
vehicle washing purposes. (harvestable)
Toilets 33.3% (harvestable)
Balmoral Garden-Harvest Rainwater SystemTM - page 46 Gardens 6.1% (harvestable) Car washing 0.7%
(harvestable)
An easy to install, high performance and economic solution Clothes washing 14% (harvestable)
for the keen gardener providing free water, even during Car washing 0.7% (harvestable)
Total 45.8% harvestable
hosepipe bans, all year round. Miscellaneous 13.1% Source: Environment Agency
Harvest around 50% of your water needs

The chart above shows the breakdown of water use in a
typical household.
The Balmoral Home-Harvest and Garden-Harvest rainwater

systems make it easy for you to gather and reuse this
rainwater.
Save on your water costs

By recycling your rainwater, a Balmoral rainwater harvesting
system can help save up to 50% of your metered water costs.
Meters are provided free of charge from most water
companies so the sooner you fit a Balmoral system the sooner
you start saving.
Balmoral Home-Harvest
Rainwater SystemTM
Balmoral Garden-Harvest
Rainwater SystemTM
39
What size of tank do you need?
The size of a rainwater holding tank must match the demand
for water with its availability as closely as possible. The tank
size chosen must be a balance between budget, storage
capacity and the need to enable an overflow at least twice a
year to flush out floating debris. The Environment Agency
publication ‘Harvesting rainwater for domestic uses: an
information guide’ provides an authoritative and independent
means of calculating the optimum size of tank for household
water use and suggests that 5% of the annual rainwater supply,
or of the annual rainwater demand, is used to determine the
optimum size of tank, using the lower figure of the two.
What is your annual rainwater supply?
Tank size (litres) = Catchment area m2 x Drainage coefficient x Filter efficiency x Annual rainfall mm x 5%
Example 130m 2 x 0.8 x 0.9 x 1125mm x 5%
= 5,265 litres
Catchment area
Is the width and length of your roof in m2. Remember
you do not have to collect water from the entire roof.
This can help to reduce installation costs.
Annual rainfall
Drainage coefficient This can vary dramatically over a relatively small area, so a
It is difficult to collect every drop of rain that falls on reading (in mm) within 10 miles of the property is preferable.
your roof. Light rainfall will only wet your roof and then The local Environment Agency or the Met Office can supply
evaporate and heavy rainfall can overflow gutters. A rainfall data or you can use the regional guide figures we have
drainage coefficient is used to adjust the tank size provided in the table below. In the ‘annual rainwater supply
calculation to allow for this. example’ above we have used the average figure for the UK.
Roof type Drainage coefficient Region Average rainfall (mm)

Pitched roof tiles 0.75-0.9 UK 1125
Flat roof smooth tiles 0.5 S England 781
Flat roof with gravel layer 0.4 N England 944
Wales 1433
Filter efficiency Scotland 1520
During initial rainfall some rainwater will skim over the NI 1111
filter, clearing away any debris. During heavy flow some EIRE E 875 (Source: Irish Met service)
rainfall will also bypass the filter to overflow ensuring EIRE W 1125
that the filter is not overloaded. 90% of rainfall is
caught, therefore the Balmoral filter coefficient is 0.9. 5% is a constant percentage factor
What is your annual rainwater demand?
Tank size (litres) = Average usage x people in household x days/year x % harvestable x 5%
Example = 150 litres x 4 x 365 x 45.8% x 5%
= 5,015 litres
Average usage
On average, each person in the UK uses
around 150 litres of water every day and
45.8% of this total could be rainwater instead
of mains water.
40
What is the right tank for you?
Balmoral produces four tanks for domestic use so all you need
to do is select the tank that best suits your needs. To help
you we have calculated the correct size of tank for you based
on your annual rainwater supply and your annual rainwater
demand. Select the tank size from either table and if they
indicate different tank sizes then you should choose the
smaller of the two. These tables have been produced using
the average annual rainfall for the region and assumes a
pitched roof with a conservative drainage coefficient of 0.8.
If your roof area is beyond the capacity of our largest tank or
if the number of people indicates a smaller tank than your
roof area will collect, then this is acceptable as it will mean
that the tank will overflow more often, flushing out any
floating debris.
Tank size calculator

Calculate the size of tank required using the ‘Rainwater
supply’ and ‘Rainwater demand’ tables below then select the
smaller of the two tank sizes.
Rainwater supply
Roof size m2
Region
50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230
South England
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
North England
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
Wales
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
Scotland
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
Northern
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
Ireland
ROI East
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
ROI West
BST-27
BST-38
BST-45
BST-60
Rainwater demand
Number of people
Region
1 2 3 4 5 6+
Tank Balmoral tank sizes

BST-27
BST-38
BST-60
BST-27 BST-38 BST-45 BST-60
41
The ultimate underground
rainwater harvesting tank
Balmoral rainwater tanks are produced in four sizes, ie,
2728, 3800, 4546 and 6000 litres, and are rotationally
moulded in tough polyethylene which offers a very high
level of impact resistance.
Design features
By recycling your rainwater,
Q High impact strength at low temperatures
a Balmoral rainwater
Q Stress free mouldings provides extra strength
harvesting system can help

Q Leak proof, single piece moulding
save up to 50% of your

Q Lightweight, easy to handle
metered water costs

Q Low maintenance
Q UV protected
Q Recyclable
42
How does it work?
Home-Harvest system
Please read in conjunction with the illustration on
page 44.
A wall-mounted pump (1) draws water from the

system to provide clean water for refilling a toilet
cistern or for using with a washing machine. The
guided suction line (4) allows the pump to provide the
cleanest possible water from the tank.
Garden-Harvest system
Please read in conjunction with the illustrations on
page 46.
A submersible pump (1) mounted within the rainwater

harvesting system is connected to a garden water tap.
A timer switch (6) allows the user to set specific
periods of use. When this period expires the pump will
switch off automatically.
43
Balmoral
Home-Harvest
Rainwater SystemTM A
B 1
5 C
D 1 Pump control unit

E
2 2 Filter assembly
3 Calmed inlet
4 Guided suction pipe
5 Telescopic turret
A Mains bypass connection
B Appliance connection
C Suction line
D Inlet
4 E Inlet overflow
External pipework A, B, C, D
and E are not supplied as
3
part of the tank package
1 Pump control unit

Located inside the house Easy access to all electro-mechanical parts
No pump in the tank Simpler installation
Auto mains water backup No loss of service. Does not refill tank from
mains so less pipework and wasted water
Fully insulated cover Quiet operation 2
10 litre break tank with air gap Meets water regulations
2 Filter assembly
Lift out 0.2mm stainless steel filter Improved water quality
Self cleaning filter Low maintenance
Located within tank Saves space. Easier installation and access 3
Overflow skimmer with U-bend overflow Improved water quality
90% water yield Saves more water
3 Calmed inlet
Minimises disturbance of settled matter Improved water quality 4

Unique precision guided system Improved water quality
ensures that water is taken only
from the cleanest part of the tank
Additional filter on suction inlet Improved water quality
Precisely locates the tank Minimises wasted water
5
low level sensor
5 Telescopic turret
Adjustable height Minimises installation depth.
Allows a neat flush finish with the ground
44
Balmoral Home-Harvest Rainwater SystemTM
Ø760mm
Ground level
840
900
Reduced
invert
cut line
Inlet
Inlet overflow
Height
Filter assembly
Guided suction intake
c/w one-way valve
and filter
Minimum water level

sensor controls
automatic mains back-up Calmed inlet
Footprint Ø
Diameter Ø
Balmoral Home-Harvest Rainwater Tank
Specifications BST-27-HH BST-38-HH BST-45-HH BST-60-HH
Population served 1 2 3 4+
Capacity (litres) 2700 3800 4546 6000
Diameter (mm) Ø1840 Ø2045 Ø2165 Ø2365
Height (mm) 2400 2640 2770 3005
Footprint (mm) Ø1275 Ø1275 Ø1275 Ø1275
Empty plant weight (kg) 190 230 260 310
Energy usage* (kWh/day) 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.25
Inlet invert (mm) 840 840 840 840
Inlet overflow (mm) 900 900 900 900
Pipework fitting (mm) Ø110 Ø110 Ø110 Ø110
Lid size (mm) Ø760 Ø760 Ø760 Ø760
Filter checking interval 2 months 2 months 2 months 2 months
Product code BST-27-HH BST-38-HH BST-45-HH BST-60-HH
* Based on one-person average usage
45
Balmoral
Garden-Harvest
Rainwater SystemTM
5 A
C B
2
1 Submersible pump
4 2 Filter assembly
3 Calmed inlet
5 Telescopic turret
6 IP rated switch
1 A Mains bypass connection
3 B Appliance connection
C Suction line
External pipework A, B and C
are not supplied as part of
the tank package
1 Submersible pump 2
Pump located in tank Self contained easy installation
High power pump High flow over long hose length
Remote On/Off switch Convenient and simple operation
2 Filter assembly
Lift out 0.2mm stainless steel filter Improved water quality 3
Self cleaning filter Low maintenance
Located within tank Saves space. Easier installation and access
Overflow skimmer with U-bend overflow Improved water quality
90% water yield Saves more water
4
3 Calmed inlet
Minimises disturbance of settled matter Improved water quality
4 Telescopic turret
Adjustable height Minimises installation depth.
Allows a neat flush finish with the ground
46
Balmoral Garden-Harvest Rainwater SystemTM
Ø760mm
Ground level
840
900
Reduced
invert
cut line
Inlet
Inlet overflow
Height
Filter assembly
114 ” delivery hose
Stainless steel
submersible pump
c/w float valve Calmed inlet
Footprint Ø
Diameter Ø
Balmoral Garden-Harvest Rainwater Tank
Specifications BST-27-GH BST-38-GH BST-45-GH BST-60-GH
Population served 1 2 3 4+
Capacity (litres) 2700 3800 4546 6000
Diameter (mm) Ø1840 Ø2045 Ø2165 Ø2365
Height (mm) 2400 2640 2770 3005
Footprint (mm) Ø1275 Ø1275 Ø1275 Ø1275
Empty plant weight (kg) 180 220 250 300
Energy usage* (kWh/day) 1 1 1 1
Inlet invert (mm) 840 840 840 840
Inlet overflow (mm) 900 900 900 900
Pipework fitting (mm) Ø110 Ø110 Ø110 Ø110
Lid size (mm) Ø760 Ø760 Ø760 Ø760
Filter checking interval 12 months 12 months 12 months 12 months
Product code BST-27-GH BST-38-GH BST-45-GH BST-60-GH
* Based on one-person average usage
47
WATER STORAGE
Water storage
Reference should be made to the following

• WRAS Water Regulations Guide ISBN 0-9539708-0-9
• Grants are available up to £800 from local authorities (Scotland only)
For more information visit www.privatewatersupplies.gov.uk
• Information and Guidance Note document (IGN No. 9-04-04) “Cold Water Storage
Cisterns - Design Recommendations for Mains Supply Inlets”
• www.defra.co.uk
49
Potable and non-potable
water storage tanks
Balmoral’s rotationally moulded water tanks comply fully with United
Kingdom water regulations.
The tanks are suitable for many applications and are provided with
moulded-in areas for different types of fittings to be attached as required.
The above ground tanks can be used for mains supplied potable water. The
underground models should only be specified for non-mains supplied water
or indirect mains supplied water.
Tank features
Q Suitable for agricultural, commercial and domestic use
Q 500mm diameter access points
Q Moulded in features to accept inlets, volume indicators, etc
Q UV stabilised material
Q Lightweight, one-piece construction
Agricultural and commercial

water storage
Balmoral water storage tanks are widely used in the
Above ground water storage
agricultural and commercial sectors as a cost-effective
solution for mains supplied and non-mains supplied water
storage. Typical uses for water storage tanks in these sectors
include rainwater harvesting, fire-fighting systems, cleaning
systems, water bowsers, sanitation and domestic facilities.
Domestic water storage

To reduce the risk of water contamination in domestic
situations, Balmoral water tanks must be installed in
accordance with UK water regulations with particular
reference being paid to Water Regulations Advisory Scheme
(WRAS) Water Regulations Guide.
For private water supplies, advice should be sought from the

Underground water storage relevant authority on the correct type of installation should
the water supply be subject to local controls.
Installation of a Balmoral water storage tank for domestic

purposes must follow WRAS guidelines to reduce the risk of
water contamination and provide a hygienic water supply.
This may require additional fittings (see page 52) conforming
to Schedule 2, section 7, paragraph 16 of the WRAS Water
Regulations Guide (previously referred to as Byelaw 30 and
Byelaw 60).
These additional fittings should only be fitted when tanks are

for indoor use. If in doubt, refer to WRAS Water Regulations
Guide or contact your local authority.
For private water supplies the user should obtain advice on

Emergency water storage the correct type of installation from the relevant authority if
the water supply is subject to local regulations or controls.
51
Optional fittings Location of G16.13 kit
Horizontal tank
Balmoral G16.13 kit Inlet level b breather
A Balmoral water storage tank G16.13 kit (Inlet not supplied)
contains the following items:
a 3/4” Warning pipe breather
Tank fittings for up to 1” inlet
a 3/4” warning pipe a warning pipe
c/d overflow level
b 1 1/2” screened breather
c 2” overflow b 1 1/2” screened breather
d 2” tank connector
• Instruction leaflet
or Vertical tank
c 2” overflow b breather
Tank fittings for over 1” inlet
a 3/4” warning pipe Inlet level
(Inlet not supplied)
b 1 1/2” screened breather
d 2” tank connector
c 2 x 2” overflows
d 2 x 2” tank connectors
a warning pipe
• Instruction leaflet c/d overflow level
UK water regulations
Water regulations, “The Water Supply (Water Fittings) Any cold water storage cistern or tank together with its fittings
Regulations 1999” in England and Wales and “The Water requires to be constructed of materials conforming to regulation
Byelaws 2000, Scotland”, replaced the previous regional Water requirements. Balmoral tanks are compliant with the WRAS
Byelaws which were seen to be outmoded, restrictive and out Regulator’s Performance Specifications.
of step with the rest of the world in terms of water
Certain basic design parameters are applicable:
management and health and safety.
a The overflow pipe, inclusive of any insect screen, if fitted,
Fundamentally, the Water Byelaws 2000, Scotland, mirror the shall be capable of draining the maximum inlet flow without
regulations adopted for England and Wales as do those which compromising the inlet air gap
apply in Northern Ireland. b For cisterns of less than 1000 litres actual capacity the
overflow/warning pipe diameter shall not be less than 19mm
To assist in a greater understanding of the regulations, the
and to ensure air gap compliance is recommended to be sized
Water Regulations Advisory Scheme (WRAS) published its Water
at twice the diameter of the inlet pipe.
Regulations Guide early in 2001.
Cisterns greater than 1000 litres actual capacity require both an
Guidance summary overflow and a warning pipe/warning device. The minimum
The following guidance is a summary aimed at providing an recommended warning pipe diameter is 25mm with the overflow
initial assessment of the contamination risk and the design sized at twice that of the inlet diameter. (Or the equivalent
measures required to remain regulation compliant. diameter sized at twice the summation of inlet pipe bore areas
for tanks with multiple inlets).
At the outset the water suppliers’ consent must be obtained
before work starts on any proposed installation. Failure to do Most cisterns store wholesome water used in part, at least, for
so could result in criminal prosecution. domestic purposes irrespective of other downstream system uses.
Given those circumstances the cistern must then comply with
The regulations classify water quality into five categories.
Clause G16.13 of the Government Guidance as depicted in Figure 1.
They range from Fluid Category 1, classed as “wholesome”
water (straight from the tap as supplied by the water
undertaker) to Fluid Category 5, fluid representing a serious
Screened air inlet
health hazard (grey water recycling cisterns, abattoir

Securely fixed access cover Sleeve for vent pipe
supplies, etc). Straight or dipped
Under the old Byelaws classification, Fluid Category 1 was

Float valve entry to warning pipe
termed “water for domestic purposes” or “potable water”.

With five Fluid Categories the appropriate safeguards to be
selected for a given application may seem a bit daunting,
Warning pipe and/or
overflow screen
however the Information and Guidance Note document (IGN Insulation against frost
and undue warming
No. 9-04-04) entitled “Cold Water Storage Cisterns – Design
Recommendations for Mains Supply Inlets” acts as a quick
guide to simplify the choices. Figure 1
52
Fluid Categories 1-4
A simplified yet no less compliant approach to cistern design
and application is to consider only the implications required to
meet either Fluid Category 4 or 5 requirements.
Any cistern encompassing cistern design features, advised in

Figure 1, and incorporating a Type AF Air Gap on its inlet/s will
encompass fully the backflow protection requirements
necessary for Fluid Categories 1-4 with little or no penalty in
lost storage capacity.
The general thinking behind this recommended approach is

that it’s better to be safe than sorry. It is considered there are
greater inherent risks associated with larger and more
complex water supply systems when limited information may
be available.
This design approach, which covers approximately 90% of all

cistern installations, provides for greater uniformity of
application throughout the water supply industry.
Figure 2 sets out the relative positions of a cistern’s inlet Figures 3-5 illustrate, for various cistern capacities, the
device relative to its warning pipe, overflow and normal top recommended plumbing arrangements compliant with providing Type
water level for a Type AF air gap requirement. AF Air Gap protection applicable for cisterns installed in domestic
and commercial applications.
Air gap 2 x inlet dia 25mm minimum

INLET
Air gap 2 x inlet dia

Warning pipe/
CRITICAL WATER LEVEL overflow
Overflow SHUT OFF
LEVEL
25mm minimum Warning pipe
Figure 3: Cistern < 1000 litres

25mm minimum
NORMAL TOP WATER LEVEL

Air gap 2 x inlet dia 25mm minimum
Figure 2
Overflow pipe
Warning pipe
SHUT OFF
LEVEL 25mm minimum
Figure 4: Cistern 1000-5000 litres

Balmoral tanks are compliant
with the WRAS Regulator’s
Level at which audible or Air gap 2 x inlet dia
visible alarm is activated
Performance Specifications
Overflow pipe
SHUT OFF
LEVEL 50mm minimum
between invert of
overflow pipe and
shut off level
Figure 5: Cisterns > 5000 litres
Occasions can arise within commercial and industrial premises where

the protection provided by a Type AF Air Gap is not adequate to
cover the contamination risk of a Fluid Category 5 application. In
these circumstances a higher degree of protection must be adopted.
53
Fluid Category 5
The Regulations advise that a Type AB Air Gap must protect
mains water supplies to any cistern installation providing storage
for applications defined as a Fluid Category 5.
For closed top cisterns, Type AB Air Gap protection is required

incorporating the use of a Weir Spill Slot in the cistern sidewall
to act as the emergency overflow. Figure 6 advises the basic
cistern configuration to meet this requirement.
Air gap 2 x inlet dia
Overflow pipe
Weir spill slot
Head over weir
unscreened
Warning pipe
25mm minimum
Figure 6: Similar to old Type A Air Gap
The specific design details of a Type AB Air Gap is identified in

BSEN 13077: 2003 “Devices to prevent pollution by backflow of
potable water – Air gap with non circular overflow (unrestricted)
– Family A, type B”.
It is acceptable to have the slot opening screened provided the

size of the slot is increased in proportion to the obstruction
imposed by the installation of the screening material.
Summary
Most cistern applications, whether domestic, commercial or
industrial, can be accommodated by the adoption of Type AF Air
Gap protection to the mains inlet supply.
Cistern applications, which in part at least require the stored

water to supply an industrial process, laboratory, etc, can be
accommodated by adopting Type AB Air Gap protection to the
mains inlet supply.
Additional information on determining the classification of a

fluid category is obtained from the WRAS IGN publication
number 9-04-04.
54
Balmoral water storage tanks
LP1250 Above ground tank for mains supplied and

non-mains supplied potable water storage V1365 Above ground tank for mains supplied and
non-mains supplied potable water storage
Capacity (Litres) 1250 Capacity (Litres) 1365

Length (mm) 1800 Length (mm) 1300
Width (mm) 1320 Width (mm) 1300
Height (mm) 915 Height (mm) 1320
Product code BWST-LP1250 Product code BWST-V1365
V1800 Above ground tank for mains supplied and


Product code BWST-V1800 Product code BWST-V2600
H3500 Above ground tank for mains supplied and


Product code BWST-H3500 Product code BWST-V3635
55
Balmoral water storage tanks


Product code BWST-V5455 Product code BWST-V7270

non-mains supplied potable water storage UG1370 Underground tank for non-mains supplied
or indirect mains supplied water storage

Product code BWST-V10000 Product code BWST-UG1370-B1
UG2410 Underground tank for non-mains supplied

or indirect mains supplied water storage UG3090 Underground tank for non-mains supplied
or indirect mains supplied water storage

Product code BWST-UG2410-B2 Product code BWST-UG3090-B3
56
Balmoral
Hydrostack
The Balmoral Hydrostack has been specifically designed
for the supply of water in emergency situations. These
tanks are ideally suited for use in situations such as
water shortages due to summer droughts, burst water
pipes or Water Authority maintenance periods where
supply is temporarily “cut-off”.
The tanks are rotationally moulded in black

polyethylene material and incorporate the following
features:
Q Unique stackable design for safe, economical

storage
Q High level of security and anti-vandalism

features
Q Integral plinth
Q Elevated hygiene characteristics, including

guards to protect taps
Q Drainage system capable of draining tank

fully after cleaning
Q Manufactured from WRAS approved materials
Q Low maintenance
Q Forklift slots and lifting eyes for ease of handling
Ø600mm
rotomoulded lid
Tank
1895
1740
779
Integral plinth
555
517
Ø1584
Specifications
9 2
R7
Capacity (Litres) 1150
Diameter (mm) 1584
Height (mm) 1895
Plinth height (mm) 779
Lid (mm) Ø600
Tank colour Black
Product code BWST-HYSK-BLK
Accreditation WRAS approved
(Cert No. 0605132)
57
BALMORAL TANKS
Balmoral Tanks
59
Balmoral Tanks Ltd
Balmoral Tanks Ltd, a division of Balmoral Group Holdings
Ltd, is a leading European engineering design and
manufacturing company.
As a result of significant investment in people and plant,

the company produces what is believed to be the most
comprehensive range of tank products available from a
single source in the EU. The Balmoral name has become a
Civil engineering, wastewater treatment, drainage, fuel oil brand in its own right, synonymous
containment, bulk liquid and potable water storage sectors
are all key sectors for the company.
with product development,
Visit balmoraltanks.com for a comprehensive overview of
technical excellence and
the company and its products. manufacturing efficiency.
Other Balmoral Tanks products
Q Wastewater treatment plant
Q Rainwater harvesting systems
Q Bulk liquid storage
Q Chemical storage
Q Potable/non-potable water storage
Q Fuel oil storage and dispensing
Q Trade moulding
Q GRP sectional water storage
Q Steel sectional water storage
Balmoral Group
Balmoral Group Holdings Ltd is a privately owned business
headquartered in Aberdeen, UK, and has been providing
solutions to the civil and environmental, building and energy
sectors since 1980.
The enterprise has been built upon research, development and

technical innovation. It is this commitment to progress that
has helped the company achieve its status as a market leader
in its chosen fields of operation.
The company has, for a number of years, successfully

operated manufacturing processes at Balmoral Park which are
approved and strictly regulated by the Scottish Environment
Protection Agency under Part B of the Environmental
Protection Act 1990.
Quality Assurance
Balmoral Tanks Ltd is certified to BS EN ISO 9001. The
company’s QA manuals are available for examination by all
clients.
Balmoral Tanks
61
Balmoral Tanks
BALMOR AL TANKS
HEAD OFFICE AND FACTORIES
Balmoral Park, Loirston, Aberdeen AB12 3GY, Scotland
Tel +44 (0)1224 859000 Fax +44 (0)1224 859123
Email tanks@balmoral.co.uk www.balmoraltanks.com
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WWT-0509-REV00

Water Waste Water Treatment

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Water Waste Water Treatment

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WATER AND

Balmoral rainwater harvesting systems 37

Balmoral Tanks Ltd 59

HEAD OFFICE AND FACTORIES

Reference should be made to the following guidance notes

In rural areas many homes and villages are self-contained,

If you’re off-mains what are your options?

The solids that gather at the bottom of the tank must be

Package wastewater treatment plant

Package treatment plants require an electrical connection and

Unless there is absolutely no other solution - where the ground

As the final effluent will be discharged into the ground via a

This will normally include geographic research in terms of

Contact local Building Control (BC) office

Pollution of the environment is a

not a defence to such offences. It

Site unsuitable for soakaway

guidance to ensure they are still

Perform site Perform site Perform site

Submit plans with Size system for Submit plans with

Your agency will be happy to advise you on the level of

Consent to discharge criteria is normally expressed in

Quite often, in new build situations particularly, this approval

Installation Any proposals for non-mains

stage and well before any

The installation must be carried out by suitably qualified

Sewage treatment is an ongoing Commissioning, maintenance and

system regularly to prevent the

that sewage flows freely through

Our after sales support team is always available either by

Q Impact resistant body moulded in one-piece polyethylene

Q Wide base and lifting eyes

Q Adjustable invert depth

Q Fully sized, two stage separation treatment chambers

Q Integral venting pipework

Q Wide range to suit population requirements

Q BBA Accredited (Cert. no. 94/3021)

A septic tank is designed to provide what is known as 3

How does it work?

Q The tanks have Ø50mm moulded-in lifting eyes for

Q The inlet and outlet pipework is specially designed

Q The system of baffles ensure that no crude solids

Q A fully lockable pedestrian duty manhole cover is

Q A safety grille can also be supplied as an optional

Q Balmoral septic tanks are tested and approved by

Specifications Ground level

Height (mm) 2400

Population served 5-10

Organic load (g BOD5/day) n/a

NH3 (g/day) n/a

Empty plant weight (kg) 240

Organic load (g BOD5/day) n/a

Total capacity (litres) 4500

Organic load (g BOD5/day) n/a

Diameter (mm) 2365

Q Impact resistant body moulded in one-piece polyethylene

Q Wide base for stability and ease of handling and storage

Q Sturdy lifting eyes for easy handling and installation

Q Achieves Royal Commission standards for effluent quality

Q Powered by a small, near silent air compressor

Q The Balmoral CAP is tested and approved by the Irish

The Balmoral CAP is a biological aeration type

Common problems which can occur are: